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Biomedical subjects

D A Baker

Publications and source records attributed to D A Baker.

155 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Changes in morphology and cell wall structure that occur during growth of Vibrio sp. NCTC4716 in batch culture.

When grown in batch culture in various media Vibrio sp. NCTC4716 displayed a distinct sequence of morphological forms. Organisms occurred as stout, almost straight rods in exponential phase, curved rods (characteristic of Vibrio spp.) in stationary phase, and predominantly as spheres in decline phase. The spheres were formed after growth had ceased due to the depletion of the carbon/energy source. They were not viable, survival of the culture depending on the few rod forms that remained during the decline phase. The spheres seemingly arose from degradation, but not complete removal, of the peptidoglycan present in the walls. Though spheres contained less nucleic acid and low molecular weight cytoplasmic constituents than did rods, many still possessed an intact cytoplasmic membrane.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro and in vivo removal of anti-A erythrocyte antibody by adsorption to a synthetic immunoadsorbent.

A solid-phase immunoadsorbent column using blood group A trisaccharide was tested in vitro and in vivo in dogs. This column was demonstrated to specifically remove anti-A antibody from human plasma in vitro and in vivo dogs specifically immunized with synthetic human blood group A trisaccharide. These studies indicate that this technique will be useful in removing anti-A and B antibody in marrow transplant recipients of incompatible marrow.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of titanium implants placed into simulated extraction sockets: a study in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gap width on bone healing around implants placed into simulated extraction socket defects of varying widths in 10 mongrel dogs. All premolars were removed and the alveolar ridges were reduced to a width of 7 mm. Nine weeks later, a total of 80 implants, 10 mm long by 3.3 mm wide, were placed into osteotomy sites prepared to 3 different diameters in the coronal half, simulating extraction sockets. Three experimental sites, with gap sizes of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.4 mm, were created; the control sites had no gap. The depth of each defect was measured at the time of implant placement. All implants were stable at the time of placement. The dogs were euthanized 12 weeks after implant placement, and blocks containing the implants and adjacent bone were submitted for histologic evaluation. Clinically, all control and test sites healed, with complete bone fill in the defect. Percentages of bone-to-implant contact were measured histologically. As the gap widened, the amount of bone-to-implant contact decreased, and the point of the highest bone-to-implant contact shifted apically. These changes were statistically significant (P < .001). No statistically significant differences in bone-to-implant contact were found between the sites when the apical 4 mm of implants were compared. Within the limits of this study, the simulated extraction socket defects healed clinically, with complete bone fill, regardless of the initial gap size. However, the width of the gap at the time of implant placement had a significant impact on the histologic percentage and the height of bone-to-implant contact.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of antiviral medications in the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of women.

Over the last decades, major basic and clinical research in the field of antiviral therapy has allowed the health care provider to treat and prevent the morbidity and mortality of many viral infections. The health care provider is faced with challengers in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral STDs in women. A number of antiviral compounds can be used for the treatment of acute infection. In addition, these medications have been proven to be safe and effective when administered over long periods of time to treat and suppress such viral infections as genital herpes. Another therapeutic way of using these antiviral medications is to reduce viral shedding in infected patients thus preventing transmission of the disease. The use of antiviral medications as postexposure prophylaxis is another area in which the clinician needs current information. The mechanism of action, the spectrum of activity, and the pharmacokinetics of these antiviral compounds are important in selecting appropriate therapy for patients. The standard of care has changed with the availability of safe and effective antiviral medications. The FDA after careful and controlled clinical trials has approved several antiviral compounds to treat viral STDs. Appropriate use of antiviral compounds in the nonpregnant and pregnant woman significantly improves the morbidity and mortality associated with herpes simplex virus infections and may influence transmission rates to sexual partners and the newborn.

2-Aminopurine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis and treatment of viral STDs in women.

Viral sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major health problem for women. Over many years the incidence of these infections has increased steadily to epidemic proportions. These infections not only cause short-term morbidity but also have been associated with significant long-term morbidity and mortality. This paper focuses on two of the most common viral STDs-Genital Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection of the female. The steady increase in the incidence of HIV infection and subsequent adult immunodeficiency disease (AIDS) among women requires health care providers to assume an active role in detection and treatment in order to avoid transmission, to protect the health of women with HIV/AIDS, and to reduce the risk of maternal-fetal (vertical) transmission. Because treatment with zidovudine has been shown to reduce vertical transmission, routine offering of HIV testing is currently recommended for all pregnant women. The approach to testing nonpregnant patients, i.e., the choice between selective screening or routine testing, rests with the individual clinician. Testing large numbers of patients within a practice may be facilitated by the availability of an oral antibody testing system. The sensitivity and specificity of the oral test is equivalent to blood testing. Serum and oral specimens are tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and confirmatory Western blot assays specifically designed for use with oral samples. Controversies in diagnosis as well as the most updated treatments for these infections are discussed.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antiviral therapy for genital herpes in nonpregnant and pregnant women.

There have been major developments in basic and clinical research in the field of antiviral therapy. The health care provider needs to know the availability of numerous antiviral compounds and begin to view them as we do antibiotics. They need to be used selectively to modify infections and prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV, genital herpes). Therapy of these infections is required to treat not only the patient but also to prevent infection of sexual partners and the newborn. Numerous and varied antiviral compounds have been approved by the FDA to treat genital HSV infections. They all have the same mechanism of action. Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir have been approved for the treatment of primary and recurrent disease. All three agents can be used for daily administration for the suppression of recurrent disease. Use of these antiviral compounds in the nonpregnant and pregnant woman can significantly alter the disease and influence transmission rates along with decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with HSV infections.

2-Aminopurine↗