Biomedical subjects

Chung Mo Nam

Publications and source records attributed to Chung Mo Nam.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Is prophylactic aortic valve replacement indicated during mitral valve surgery for mild to moderate aortic valve disease?

BACKGROUND: Determining the need for surgical treatment of coexisting mild to moderate aortic valve disease in patients referred for mitral valve surgery is often difficult. The purpose of this study was to assess long-term clinical outcome and the need for subsequent aortic valve replacement in patients with mild to moderate rheumatic aortic valve disease at the time of mitral valve surgery. METHODS: A total of 275 patients (90 men and 185 women, mean age 43 years) with rheumatic disease who underwent mitral valve surgery were followed up for an average of 9 years. Patients were classified into two groups: those with coexisting mild to moderate aortic valve disease at the time of mitral valve surgery (141 patients, group A) and those without (134 patients, group B). Primary outcomes (death and subsequent aortic valve surgery) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: At the time of mitral valve surgery, 104 patients (74%) in group A had mild aortic regurgitation, 37 (26%) had moderate aortic regurgitation, 5 had (4%) mild aortic stenosis, and 2 (1%) had moderate aortic stenosis. At the end of follow-up, no patient had severe aortic valve disease. In all, 12 patients (5%) in group A had primary events (eight deaths and four subsequent aortic valve replacements), and 12 patients (9%) in group B had such events (12 deaths). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, neither the survival rate nor the event-free survival rate differed significantly over the follow-up period between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In most patients who have mild to moderate rheumatic aortic valve disease at the time of mitral valve surgery, the long-term outcome is comparable to that of subjects without aortic valve disease at the time of mitral valve surgery. Subsequent aortic valve replacement is rarely needed after a long follow-up period.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Effect of smoking on the paradox of high waist-to-hip ratio and low body mass index.

OBJECTIVE: Research on diabetes mellitus (DM) indicates that people with a low body mass index (BMI) but a high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are in a particularly high-risk group. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and the effect of smoking on this paradoxical relationship. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Our study sample consisted of 3450 men and 4250 women who had participated in the Korean Nationwide Health Examination Survey. We divided the study sample into tertiles (low, medium, and high), according to the level of WHR and of BMI, which yielded nine different combinations. Individuals exhibiting so-called paradox A had the highest WHR and the lowest BMI. RESULTS: The prevalence of paradox A was 4.7% for men and 3.8% for women. The overall agreement of WHR and BMI groups was poor [for men: kappa = 0.31 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29 to 0.34; for women: kappa = 0.39 and 95% CI = 0.37 to 0.42 for women]. The odds ratios for subjects having paradox A were estimated using a logistic regression model after adjusting for age, age(2), height, education, smoking, use of alcohol, and exercise. The risk for paradox A among current smokers was 2.1-fold (95% CI, 1.5 to 3.0) higher for men and 2.5-fold (95% CI, 1.6 to 3.9) higher for women than for nonsmokers, after adjusting for age and covariates. DISCUSSION: Cigarette smoking may increase the risk of paradox A. The findings of this study should be crossvalidated to different populations.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Coronary artery calcification and dietary cholesterol intake in Korean men.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to examine the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and coronary artery calcification (CAC) score in healthy men. METHODS: Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) was used to examine the CAC score in 135 Korean men aged 40-81 years who did not have clinical illness. Dietary cholesterol intake was assessed by a nutritionist using a semiquantitative food frequency method. Body mass index (BMI), serum lipid levels, cigarette use, alcohol intake, exercise, and a past history of cardiovascular disease were determined during interview and examination. RESULTS: The resultant median CAC score among those who experienced CAC was 22.5 (1-697) and average intakes of total fat and cholesterol were 22.4% (13.8-40.7) of total energy intake and 306.0 mg/day (84-1191). When the participants were classified into high (> or = 75 percentile) and low (< 75 percentile) CAC score groups, multiple logistic analysis showed that the cholesterol intake (per 10 mg/1000 kcal of energy) was significantly related to a high CAC score (OR 1.12: 95% CI 1.02-1.24), after adjustment for age, BMI, serum triglyceride level, past history of hypertension, past history of hyperlipidaemia, and energy intake. Also, when participants were classified into 2 groups (CAC score > or = 100 vs. < 100), cholesterol intake was found to be significantly related to CAC score. However, fatty acid intakes were not significantly related to the CAC score. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in a population with a relatively low risk of coronary heart disease, higher cholesterol intake may increase the level of CAC.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinicopathologic characteristics related to the high variability of coding mononucleotide repeat sequences in tumors with high-microsatellite instability.

Frameshift mutation at coding mononucleotide repeat sequences are common in tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI-H), but the incidences are different among the target genes. We analyzed the mutational profiles of 12 known target genes containing polydeoxyadenosine repeats in their coding sequences in 39 MSI-H colorectal carcinomas and 40 MSI-H gastric carcinomas by using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, and compared the results with the clinicopathologic characteristics. Frameshift mutations of target genes in the MSI-H colorectal and gastric carcinomas are increased according to the length of the polydeoxyadenosine repeats in the target genes. The mean mutational rates of MSI-H colorectal carcinomas and MSI-H gastric carcinomas were 2.03 and 1.95 in the 4 genes containing (A)10 repeats, 1.23 and 0.73 in the 4 genes with (A)9 repeats and 0.61 and 0.48 in the 4 genes containing (A)8 repeats, respectively (p<0.001). Among the evaluated clinicopathologic findings, intestinal type gastric carcinomas had more frameshift mutations than the diffuse type carcinomas (3.5 vs. 1.9, p=0.01). These findings suggest that mutational rates of the target genes in MSI-H tumors are diverse, and higher mutational rates are related to the length of mononucleotide repeat sequences of the target genes and histologic type of tumors.

Adult↗