Biomedical subjects

Christoph Mundt

Publications and source records attributed to Christoph Mundt.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological perspectives for the development of future diagnostic systems.

Psychological aspects of classification broadly refer to mental functions and dysfunctions and are important to consider both in terms of clinical use and the elucidation of pertinent theories. There are a number of concepts crucial to consider for psychologically informed classification, including personality structure, temperament, psychodynamic psychiatry, functional psychopathology, basic symptoms, anthropological phenomenology and health psychology. In future diagnostic systems, one must critically consider objective measurement and subjective experience, as well as categorical and dimensional measurement. It would also be important to articulate the clinical mental phenomenon, its interpretation and experimental findings as well as to consider the influence of a classification system on the public image of a disorder and a person.

Forecasting↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Typus melancholicus personality type and the five-factor model of personality.

Personality traits are significant factors in the development and course of depression. Apart from the classical five-factor model of personality, other personality constellations, such as Tellenbach's Typus melancholicus, have been described in association with depressive disorder. Several instruments have been developed to assess the Typus melancholicus personality (TMP). A systematic comparison of these instruments has not been done to date. The goal of this study was the comparison of four questionnaires used in assessing TMP. Four TMP questionnaires were compared and their relationship to the five-factor model of personality was examined among 264 psychiatric patients and normal controls. It was found that the TMP type represents a trait distinct from those of the five-factor model. TMP inventories had only moderate concurrent validity. The single TMP scales focus on different aspects of the TMP, despite their common core. Both the five-factor personality traits and the TMP scales were able to differentiate a group of depressed patients from control groups. The results show that TMP is not one trait but a personality trait constellation. This leads to the conclusion that a number of dimensions must be taken into consideration in the construction of a TMP inventory. This multidimensionality contributes to the refinement of the TMP concept and differentiates its therapeutic implications.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychotherapy and classification: psychological, psychodynamic, and cognitive aspects.

Psychotherapists' needs for diagnoses and classification in terms of the psychosocial model of a disorder are different from those of the medical model of psychiatric disorders as predominantly used in the DSM and ICD manuals. The challenges emerging from these different diagnostic needs and traditions of diagnosing are formulated as three dichotomies: grouping according to a medical versus psychosocial perspective; using objective versus hermeneutic methodology with the claim of producing factual knowledge versus constructivistic self-interpretation; defining a lasting categorical diagnostic state for the present time versus a versatile monitoring process with attention to the most salient dysfunction at a given time. Disorder-specific psychotherapy cannot overcome these dichotomies. It needs to combine them, and by doing so to reconcile them. It would be desirable that future diagnostic manuals meet psychotherapists' diagnostic needs.

Cognition↗