Biomedical subjects

Chee-Yin Chai

Publications and source records attributed to Chee-Yin Chai.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Overexpression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx.

Upregulation of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression is frequently found in a variety of human cancers. In this study, we examined COX-2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx. COX-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was detected in 87% (20 of 23) of tumor tissues. Expression of COX-2 protein was examined by Western blot analysis. COX-2 protein levels were increased in tumor tissues and correlated with the expression level of mRNA. Immunohistochemical study was performed to detect the subcellular localization of COX-2. Our results showed that COX-2 was predominantly detected in cancer cells, and the staining pattern was cytoplasmic. Several histologically normal adjacent tissues obtained from these patients were also investigated. We found that COX-2 mRNA was detectable in these tissues. However, COX-2 mRNA and protein levels were lower in these tissues than in tumor specimens. In contrast, COX-2 mRNA and protein levels in normal oral mucosa obtained from healthy volunteers were very low or undetectable. The frequency of COX-2 overexpression was significantly higher in the N1-N3 group than in the N0 group. These results suggest that overexpression of COX-2 is linked with increased lymphatic invasion in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Collectively, these results suggest that overexpression of COX-2 is a frequent phenomenon in hypopharyngeal carcinoma and may play a role in tumorigenesis of this cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Is a one-step operation for breast cancer patients presenting nipple discharge without palpable mass feasible?

Although spontaneous nipple discharge without mass is a common complaint, only about 5-15% of patients with nipple discharge have cancer. The standard preoperative evaluations, including mammography, physical examination, ultrasonography and squeezing cytology, do not provide enough definite data to make a decision for surgery. We have investigated whether preoperative intraductal aspiration cytology and galactography supply sufficient information about the location and nature of the lesion, and have carried out a one-step operative procedure by adding frozen section diagnosis during surgery. A retrospective review of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital patients presenting symptoms of nonpalpable mass was conducted from January 1989 to June 2000. The medical charts, pathology and cytology reports, and imaging studies were reviewed. Of 487 patients with spontaneous nipple discharge, 190 with pathologic discharge had complete preoperative galactography and intraductal aspiration cytology, and 176 received surgery. Fourteen cases with negative cytology and normal galactography, who had not had an operation, did not develop cancer during an average 7 years follow-up. The diagnostic accuracy rates of 35 cancer patients using galactography and cytology were 91.4% and 88.6%, respectively, and 97.1% in combination, which is better than those of 141 patients with benign lesions (77.3% and 84.4%, and 90.0% in combination, P<0.05). The results show a 91.5% preoperative diagnostic accuracy rate in all patients with nipple discharge, and can be used to discuss the diagnosis with the patient during the preoperative period. All 35 cases with cancer received the one-step procedure under general anesthesia. Sixteen patients received mastectomies, and the other 19 cases had ductolobular resections, depending on their preoperative evaluations and frozen section in pathology. There were no false positives or false negatives in frozen section when comparing permanent histology and residual cancer in mastectomy specimens. There were no symptoms of recurrence in any of the patients who had undergone the two different procedures during 7 years of follow-up. In patients with spontaneous nipple discharge without palpable mass, the preoperative intraductal cytology and galactography were reliable methods to evaluate intraductal lesions. The one-step procedure will be selected for those patients if the frozen section is added. The ductolobular resection with an adequate surgical margin should be the first choice for those nonpalpable breast cancers with nipple discharge. Due to the limited number of breast cancer cases studied, more cases and a long follow-up period are necessary in future.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Eosinophilic cystitis: eight cases report and literature review.

Historically, eosinophilic cystitis is a rare disorder of bladder inflammation with eosinophils infiltration diagnosed by pathologic examination. The etiology is unclear despite the past identification of many factors contributing to this disease. Eight patients with eosinophilic cystitis were reported. The intact history, clinical manifestation, radiological examination and response to therapy were all evaluated. The results showed that 7 patients developed hematuria, 6 patients were with dysuria, 4 patients with frequency and 4 patients with urine retention. Seven patients had abnormal urinalysis but no positive finding in culture. Radiological findings revealed that one patient had bladder mass lesions and upper urinary tract dilation. Cystoscopic examination was performed in every patient and showed mass-like, edematous, ulcerative or hyperemic mucosa lesions. Cold-cup biopsy or transurethral resection of bladder lesions were all performed and could be the first priority to be considered. However, partial or total cystectomy should be taken into consideration when simple treatment failed to resolve this problem. Additionally, antihistamines, steroids or antibiotics are given to control the clinical symptoms. The results of these treatments were good except for one case who suffered from recurrence but recovered after simple operation and oral therapy. Although good results were found concerning treatment, long-term follow-up is necessary.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Adrenal tumors: 10-year experience at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and literature review.

We report our 10-year experience of managing adrenal tumors at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH) between January 1992 and January 2002. In total, 53 patients with adrenal tumors were analyzed, including 19 men (mean age +/- standard deviation, SD, 41.8 +/- 12.9 yr; range, 24-66 yr) and 34 women (mean age +/- SD, 42.3 +/- 12.4 yr; range, 19-74 yr), with an overall mean age +/- SD of 42.6 +/- 12.5 years. All 53 adrenal tumors were confirmed by surgery and pathology. In our series, 41 (77.4%) tumors were functional, of which 39 (95%) were benign; 12 (22.6%) tumors were nonfunctional, of which two (16.7%) were malignant. Overall, women were more common than men in our series, especially in Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism (female:male ratio, 4 and 1.9, respectively). Of the 41 functional adrenal tumors, 20 were primary aldosteronism, 10 were Cushing's syndrome, 10 were pheochromocytoma, and one was an androgen-producing tumor. Of the 12 nonfunctional adrenal tumors, all of which presented as adrenal incidentalomas, four were cortical adenoma, three were myelolipoma, two were ganglioneuroma, one was an adrenal cyst, one was an adrenocortical carcinoma, and one was a metastatic carcinoma. Overall, 48 patients underwent adrenalectomy, three underwent partial adrenalectomy for small and well-circumscribed tumors, and two were explored. The diagnosis and management of adrenal tumors is discussed and the literature reviewed.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed2002

Darier's disease associated with bipolar affective disorder: a case report.

Darier's disease, also known as keratosis follicularis, is an uncommon autosomal dominant disorder that may also occur as a sporadic mutation. It is characterized by multiple eruptions of hyperkeratotic or crusted papules at seborrheic areas with histologic acantholysis and dyskeratosis. It usually begins in the first or second decade of life and is equally prevalent in men and women. Darier's disease is caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene, which maps to chromosome 12q23-q24.1 and encodes the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2). The co-occurrence of various neurologic and psychiatric diseases with Darier's disease has been reported, including mood disorders, epilepsy, mental retardation, slowly progressive encephalopathy, and schizophrenia. Linkage studies using the association between these disorders and Darier's disease to determine the gene locus of these psychiatric disorders inferred the presence of a bipolar susceptibility gene on chromosome 12q23-q24.1 in the region of the Darier's disease gene (DAR). We report a case of Darier's disease of more than 40 years' duration and bipolar I disorder of 30 years' duration in a 52-year-old man, and provide a brief review of the literature.

Bipolar Disorder↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p53 protein expression and 5-year survival rate in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To assess the prognostic significance of p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 79 patients who had received treatment and regular follow-up for at least 5 years at a single institute. We used immunohistochemistry staining to assess p53 protein expression and PCNA labeling index (LI). Analyses were conducted on the association between each of the 2 biomarkers and pathological subtypes, TNM stage, the presence of locoregional recurrence, and 5-year survival rate. RESULTS: p53 protein nuclear staining was positive in 49 patients (62%). The mean PCNA LI was 55.6%, ranging from 3.35% to 92.9%. High PCNA LI (>55.6%) might contribute to higher 5-year survival rate, but it did not reach statistical significance (P = .09). Positive p53 protein staining and low PCNA LI were associated with the presence of locoregional recurrence. No statistical significance was found between p53 protein expression and PCNA LI and pathological subtypes and TNM stage. CONCLUSION: p53 protein and PCNA LI were not an ideal prognostic indicator in predicting 5-year survival rate in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Future work will direct toward searching for other potential biomarkers with the hope to reinforce prediction of prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chordoma mimicking the trigeminal schwannoma: a case report.

Intracranial chordomas are rare tumor arising from the remnants of embryologic notochord. Bony destruction and tumor calcification are their characters. Now we represent an extra-axial tumor with an unusual dumbbell shape in the right Meckel's cave and the appearance mimics the trigeminal schwannomas. However, the histopathological findings reveal a chordoma. Bony destruction in the right petrous bone and clivus provides a hint to make appropriate diagnosis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Behçet's disease in childhood: report of one case.

We report on a 6 yr 7 m-old girl who had suffered from recurrent oral ulcers since July, 2000. Anal ulcers were also noted initially, and arthralgia was observed. Skin testing (pathergy test) showed only mild erythematous changes over the test area. HLA typing revealed HLA-B56. Intestinal symptoms included watery diarrhea with occasional blood. No ocular involvement was found. Her ailment was diagnosed as incomplete Behçet's disease with intestinal involvement. Diagnosis of Behçet's disease in childhood is a challenge and there are only a few studies on juvenile Behçet's disease (JBD) in the literature, with only a small number of patients. According to the literature, Behçet's disease in childhood is characterized by a low incidence of ocular lesion and a high incidence of intestinal involvement, as exhibited in this case.

Behcet Syndrome↗