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Biomedical subjects

Chao Liu

Publications and source records attributed to Chao Liu.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Regulative mechanism of Ce3+ relieves DNA damage caused by Cd2+ in the kidney of silver crucian carp.

The mechanism of Cd2+ on the DNA cleavage and Ce3+ on the DNA repair in the kidney of silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) is investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis methods and assaying biochemical indexes. It proves that Cd2+ induces the classical laddering degradation of DNA in vivo, but DNA cleavage is repaired after injecting with a low Ce3+ concentration under various Cd2+ concentrations. The DNA cleavage caused by Cd2+ is the result of the activation of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Cd2+ destroys the antioxidant system, which diminishes the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, and the increase of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level. However, Ce3+ could inhibit activation of Cd2+ on DNase activity, relieve inhibition of Cd2+ on activities of the antioxidant enzyme, and diminish ROS accumulation. The results show that Ce3+ could relieve the toxicity of Cd2+ to silver crucian carp.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Effects of bFGF and alpha-MSH on adhesion and migration of human melanocytes in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on adhesion and migration of melanocytes in vitro. METHODS: Human melanocytes were obtained from normal human foreskins. Culture dishes covered with fibronectin were used to perform melanocytes adhesion assay, and cell motility was assessed using the Transwell micropore filter method. RESULT: bFGF and alpha-MSH increased melanocytes adhesion on culture dishes covered with fibronectin. bFGF stimulated melanocytes migration through micropore filter while alpha-MSH had no significant effects. CONCLUSION: bFGF and alpha-MSH could promote the adhesion and migration of melanocytes, which suggests that two agents may play a role in the repigmentation of vitiligo.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed2006

Is sulfasalazine effective in ankylosing spondylitis? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of sulfasalazine (SSZ) for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS: We searched randomized and quasi-randomized trials in any language comparing SSZ with placebo in treatment of AS. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and assessed the methodological quality. Data were extracted from the chosen studies and metaanalysis was conducted with RevMan software. RESULTS: We identified 11 trials, in which a total of 895 patients were treated for periods ranging from 12 weeks to 3 years. The pooled analysis showed that differences between SSZ and placebo were statistically significant only in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the severity of spinal stiffness, favoring SSZ over placebo. Weighted mean differences were ESR -4.79 mm/h (95% CI -8.80 to -0.78) and spine stiffness -13.89 mm (95% CI -22.54 to -5.24) on 100 mm visual analog scale (where 0 = no stiffness, 100 = severe stiffness). Nissila 1988 is the only trial in which SSZ showed benefit in primary outcome analyses, including back pain, chest expansion, occiput-to-wall test, and patient's general well-being. Compared with other trials, patients in this trial had the shortest disease duration and highest level of baseline ESR, and it had the greatest proportion of patients with peripheral arthritis. Significantly more withdrawals for side effects (relative risk 1.47, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.13) were found in the SSZ than in the placebo group, although severe side effects were rare. CONCLUSION: Across all patients with AS, SSZ showed some benefit in reducing ESR and easing spinal stiffness, but no evidence of benefit in physical function, pain, spinal mobility, enthesitis, or patient and physician global assessment. Patients at an early stage of disease, with higher level of ESR (or active disease) and peripheral arthritis, might benefit from SSZ.

Antirheumatic Agents↗
PubMed2006

[Recent advancement in miniSTR research].

As the most popular and important inherited marker used in forensic identification, short tandem repeat (STR) always have partial DNA profiling or even no results when handling degraded or minute DNA sample. Through redesigning primers close to STR core repeats, MiniSTR can access shorter STR loci and increase success rate of DNA profiling in degraded or minute DNA sample. The review provides an update on the advancement of miniSTR research to give information in the practice of forensic science.

DNA Degradation, Necrotic↗
PubMed2006

[Sequences of off-ladder alleles of PowerPlex 16 kit in Chinese Han population].

OBJECTIVE: To study the sequences of off-ladder alleles of PowerPlex 16 kit in Chinese Han population and their nomenclature. METHODS: 10071 Samples from unrelated individuals in Chinese Han population were screened by using PowerPlex 16 kit and ABI 377 or 3100. The samples showing off-ladder alleles were re-screened with PAGE and the off-ladder alleles were obtained and sequenced. RESULTS: 32 off-ladder alleles were found in 11 STR loci, whose frequencies ranged from 0.05 per thousand to 4.02 per thousand. These alleles were classified as four types: (1) having complete repeat but its length is out of the ladder; (2)having incomplete repeat; (3) having deletion or insertion of one or two base(s) in flanking sequence; (4) having deletion of some segment. CONCLUSION: Off-ladder alleles have various types. It demonstrates varying repteating number of the core unit, and variation in the flanking sequence or core sequence as well. The nomenclature of International Society for Forensic Haemogenetics cannot define these alleles effectively.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

[Mechanism of receptor for retinoids inducing apoptosis of human melanoma cell line A375].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of receptors for retinoids inducing apoptosis of human melanoma cell line A375. METHODS: The effects of 3 kinds of retinoids (9-cis-RA, at-RA and 13-cis-RA), of TTNPB (RAR agonist) and of Methoprene acid (Ma, RXR agonist) on apoptosis of A375 cells were studied by detecting the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and by using. Annexin V/PI staining analysis, TUNEL detection and active Caspase-3 analysis. RESULTS: Retinoids and TTNPB could up-regulate the expression of Bax and down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2. The results of TUNEL and Annexin V/PI staining analysis showed that all of retinoids and TTNPB could induce apoptosis of A375 cells, compared with control group (P < 0.05); the effect of TTNPB was significantly greater than that of others (P < 0.05), but Ma was similar to the control (P > 0.05). Active Caspase-3 analysis showed that TTNPB and all of retinoids could up-regulate the expression of Caspase-3, and the effect of TTNPB was significantly greater than that of others (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Caspase-3 pathway is involved in the process for retinoids inducing apoptosis of A375 cells. The activation of RAR may have relation with retinoids inducing apoptosis of A375 cells, but may have no longer relation with RXR.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2006

[Studies on chemical constituents from moss Rhodobryum roseum II].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from Rhodobryum roseum. METHOD: The compounds were isolated and purified by recrystallization and chromatography with silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULT: Eight compounds were isolated and identified as apigenin (1), quercetin (2), oleanolic acid (3), 2alpha-hydroxyoleanolic acid (4), 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (5), protocatechuic acid (6), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (8). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-8 were isolated from R. roseum for the first time.

Apigenin↗
PubMed2006

[Effects and comparison of seed oil and sarcocarp oil of Hippophae rhamnoides on rats with experimental hepatocirrhosis].

OBJECTIVE: A study was carried out to investigate the effects of seed oil and sarcocarp oil of Hippophae rhamnoides on rats with experimental hepatocirrhosis, and comparison between the two. METHOD: A rat model of experimental hepatocirrhosis was set up by feeding CCl4. Different concentration of seed oil and sarcocarp oil of H. rhamnoides were feed to those rats for 45 d, then the changes of activity of ALT in serum and SOD in liver were measured. RESULT: Both of seed oil and sarcocarp oil can control the increase of ALT in serum and the decrease of SOD evidently, and the effect of seed oil was turn out to be a little better than sarcocarp oil. CONCLUSION: Seed oil was more effective than sarcocarp oil of H. rhamnoides in alleviating liver injury caused by CCl4.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2006

[Establishment of miniCTTA multiplex set with fluorescence-labeled primers].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a miniCTTA multiplex set including short tandem repeat (STR) markers as CSF1PO, TH01, and TPOX and amelogenin gene, whose amplified fragments are shorter than 130 bp. METHODS: The length of the gene fragments amplified with fluorescence-labeled primers were analyzed by ABI3100 Genetic Analyzer for genotyping of 100 unrelated individuals, 10 genealogies and 30 highly degraded specimens. RESULTS: The genotypes derived form miniCTTA were consistent with the results by AmpFLSTR Identifiler kit. CONCLUSION: MiniCTTA multiplex set is useful for personal identification and paternity test, especially applicable for degraded DNA sample.

Amelogenin↗
PubMed2006

[Leprechaunism: an inherited insulin resistance syndrome caused by the defect of insulin receptor].

OBJECTIVE: Leprechaunism is an inherited insulin resistance syndrome, caused by homozygous or compound-heterozygous mutations in the insulin receptor gene (INSR). Clinical and molecular genetic research was carried out in one 17-year old girl with leprechaunism and her family members. METHODS: History and laboratory tests were routinely taken. DNA samples were obtained from the proband and 4 of the family members. PCR was done on all exons of INSR and the products of PCR were sequenced directly. RESULTS: The proband had the following features: apparent cessation of growth, elfin-like face, emaciation, hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans. She had hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose 15.8 mmol/L; glycosylated forms of hemoglobin 12%) and it was resistant to the treatment of insulin. She was found to have W659R mutation at 9 exon and V1054M mutation at 17 exon of INSR as heterozygotes. This compound mutation is a newly found type. For her father there was only V1054M mutation and her mother only W659R mutation. No mutation was identified in her sister. CONCLUSION: The patient was diagnosed as leprechaunism according to her clinical presentations and biochemical examinations. The new transition mutation W659R at 9 exon and V1054M at 17 exon in INSR is the pathologic cause in this patient with leprechaunism.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2006

[Determination of plumbagin in different parts of Plumbago zeylanica by RP-HPLC].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a RP-HPLC method to determine plumbagin in Plumbago zeylanica, and to investigate contents of plumbagin in different parts of. P. zeylanica. METHOD: The analysis was carried out at 30 degrees C on a Kromasil C18, column eluted with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol-water (65: 35). The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1), the detector wavelength was 213 nm. RESULT: The calibration curve was linear within the concentration ranges of 0.020 8-0. 104 microg (r = 0. 9999). The average recovery was 98.7%. The contents in the root, stem and leaf were 0.394 5%, 0.050 8%, 0.031 4% respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, accurate, replicate and suitable for the determination of plumbagin in P. zeylanica.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2005

Cyclosporine A, FK-506, 40-0-[2-hydroxyethyl]rapamycin and mycophenolate mofetil inhibit proliferation of human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells in vitro.

AIM: To investigate the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA), FK-506, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and 40-0-[2-hydroxyethyl]rapamycin (RAD) on proliferation of human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (BECs) in vitro. METHODS: BECs were isolated from six human liver tissuespecimens with the immunomagnetic separation method and treated with different concentrations of CsA, FK-506, RAD, and MMF in vitro. Proliferation of the cells was measured by MTT assay at 24 and 48 h after treatment, respectively. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the results. Expression of CK 19 in BECs was monitored by flow cytometry and Western blot. RESULTS: Six lines of BECs were established. They survived for 4-18 wk in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis showed that these cells always expressed CK19. CsA, FK-506, RAD, and MMF inhibited proliferation of BECs in a dose-dependent manner. The lowest concentration of CsA, FK-506, RAD, and MMF to inhibit proliferation of BECs (P<0.05) was 500, 100, 0.25, and 100 mug/L, respectively. However, the expression of CK19 by BECs was not changed. CONCLUSION: CsA, FK-506, RAD, and MMF have an antiproliferative effect on human intrahepatic BECs in vitro, while RAD has the strongest growth-inhibitory effect. Their possible effects on liver regeneration and bile duct injury in transplant patients should be further investigated.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[The excision of right hemicolonic carcinoma with anterograde clearance to lymph nodes].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the essentials of operation and the postoperative effect of right hemicolonic carcinoma with anterograde clearance of lymph nodes. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five patients with right hemicolonic infiltrated carcinoma, who were eligible for radical excision (D(3)), were divided into 2 groups. Among them, the anterograde clearance of lymph nodes was performed on 56 cases; the retrograde clearance was performed on 79 cases. Both groups showed no significant difference in age, sex, Dukes' staging and pathological type. RESULTS: The average time of operation: the anterograde group was (180 +/- 40) min; the retrograde group was (180 +/- 20) min. The average amount of bleeding: the anterograde group was (200 +/- 80) ml; the retrograde group was (200 +/- 30) ml. The cleared number of lymph nodes: the anterograde group were 6.3 +/- 4.2, 2.6 +/- 3.1, 1.5 +/- 2.3 in paracolon, middle and radicel of vasorum respectively, the total number was 11.4 +/- 8.6; the retrograde group were 6.4 +/- 2.2, 2.8 +/- 2.1, 1.1 +/- 1.1 respectively, the total number was 10.8 +/- 5.6 (P > 0.05). The postoperative metastasis to liver: the anterograde group was 8 cases (13.9%); the retrograde group was 21 cases (26.6%, P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate: the anterograde group was 72.8% (41/56); the retrograde group was 65.5% (52/79) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The operative technique of the excision was little difficulty and complexity, and it could fit well with the requirement of non touch isolation, and act to cut down the postoperative metastasis to liver and to elevate 5-year survival rate.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Molecular cloning and characterization of rat LC3A and LC3B--two novel markers of autophagosome.

Rat microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) is a homologue of yeast Atg8, an essential component of autophagy. Following synthesis, the C-terminus of rat LC3 is cleaved by a cysteine protease-Atg4, to produce LC3-I, which is located in cytosolic fraction. LC3-I can be converted to LC3-II through the processing by Atg7 (E1-like enzyme) and Atg3 (E2-like enzyme). LC3-II is modified by phosphatidylethanolamine on C-terminus and binds tightly to autophagosomal membrane. Here we reported the cloning of two novel variants of rat LC3, named LC3A and LC3B, respectively, and LC3B is an alternative splicing variant of LC3. LC3A, LC3B, and LC3 showed different expression patterns in rat tissues, suggesting a functional divergence among these proteins. When LC3A and LC3B were overexpressed, both exhibited two forms (18 and 16 kDa, representing types of I and II, separately), which might be due to post-translational modification including the characteristic C-terminal cleavage at these two proteins as similar to that found in rat LC3 and yeast Atg8. Subcellular localization demonstrated that both LC3A and LC3B are colocalized with LC3 and associated with the autophagic membranes. Mutation analysis further revealed that the conserved Gly120 residues of LC3A and LC3B are essential for their characteristic C-terminal cleavage and localization to autophagic membranes. Present data suggested that LC3A and LC3B could also be used as two novel autophagosomal markers.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed2005

Excretion and detection of SARS coronavirus and its nucleic acid from digestive system.

AIM: To study whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) could be excreted from digestive system. METHODS: Cell culture and semi-nested RT-PCR were used to detect SARS-CoV and its RNA from 21 stool and urine samples, and a kind of electropositive filter media particles was used to concentrate the virus in 10 sewage samples from two hospitals receiving SARS patients in Beijing in China. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that there was no live SARS-CoV in all samples collected, but the RNA of SARS-CoV could be detected in seven stool samples from SARS patients with any one of the symptoms of fever, malaise, cough, or dyspnea, in 10 sewage samples before disinfection and 3 samples after disinfection from the two hospitals. The RNA could not be detected in urine and stool samples from patients recovered from SARS. CONCLUSION: Nucleic acid of SARS-CoV can be excreted through the stool of patients into sewage system, and the possibility of SARS-CoV transmitting through digestive system cannot be excluded.

Digestive System↗
PubMed2005

Surgical treatment of pancreatic metastases of renal cell carcinoma.

CONTEXT: The pancreas is an unusual site for metastases of renal cell carcinoma origin, sometimes occurring many years after nephrectomy. We herein present two cases of pancreatic metastases of renal cell carcinoma which occurred 17 and 19 years after the primary diagnosis. CASE REPORT: In the first case, metastases were found in the head of the pancreas, upper right arm and the right lobe of the thyroid gland. In the second case, a tumor was found in the tail of the pancreas and a remnant of the right kidney. This was the third recurrence of the original tumor after an initial left nephrectomy and two subsequent partial right nephrectomies in the past. Treatment in the first case consisted of excision of the tumor in the upper right arm, a Whipple operation, and a thyroidectomy. In the second case, a distal pancreatectomy and remnant right nephrectomy were undertaken. Both patients recovered from the operations without complications and remain free of tumor in follow-up periods of 54 and 8 months respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of renal cell carcinoma metastases involving the pancreas provides satisfactory long-term survival, and should be undertaken whenever possible.

Aged↗