Biomedical subjects

C de Lezenne Coulander

Publications and source records attributed to C de Lezenne Coulander.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1993

Effects of cadmium on reproduction, an epizootologic study.

The Dutch part of Kempenland has been exposed to cadmium pollution since the last century. Experimental data suggest effects by cadmium on reproduction such as diminished fertility, decreased foetal growth, and specific malformations. Use was made of a historical cohort of dairy cows, ascertained from a surveillance program conducted by the regional Veterinary Health Service between 1976 and 1986. Ten dairy farms in the cadmium region were matched by size with 40 dairy farms from a reference area. Logistic models were used to calculate Odds (OR) and Rate Ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence interval. In total 4,039 exposed and 15,552 reference gestations were compared. The reasons for the slaughter of 574 exposed and of 2,824 reference cows were ascertained. A lower twinning rate [OR = 0.63 (0.47-0.84)] was found and more birth complications, for both calves [OR = 1.50 (1.25-1.80)] and cows [OR = 1.49 (1.24-1.79)]. More inseminations [OR = 1.20 (1.01-1.43)] were needed for conception in the exposed area. Deaths among twins [OR = 1.66 (0.90-3.07)] were not significantly higher. Perinatal death, premature death, age at, or reasons for, slaughter were not consistently different. These results are consistent with those of other observational and experimental studies. Extrapolation from these large domestic animals to humans is problematic, as is the more frequent extrapolation from rodents to humans. It can be concluded that longterm exposure to low levels of cadmium is associated with impaired reproduction in dairy cows.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Repeated measurements of serum cholesterol and blood pressure in relation to long-term incidence of myocardial infarction. The Zutphen Study.

Repeated risk factor measurements reduce the amount of random error due to intraindividual variation. Annual measurements of serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were done in a cohort of 878 men, aged 40-59 years, between 1960 and 1970. This study examined for both risk factors the association with the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) during follow-up till 1985. Mean values from repeated measurements yielded stronger statistical associations with MI incidence than single observations. However, when measurements were extended over too many years in this middle-aged cohort, a bias occurred due to selective loss of high-risk individuals as early cases. This was especially the case of serum cholesterol. Taking account of trends in regression analysis did not show any advantage over the use of mean values.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Long-term prospective studies: the only solution?

One of the advantages of prospective studies in nutritional epidemiology is that dietary patterns and nutrient intake data are collected before the occurrence of the disease. With such a design it is possible to study the contribution of dietary variables in explaining the occurrence of diseases between different cultures and within populations. In order to make a good estimate of the relation between a dietary variable and the occurrence of a disease in long-term prospective studies, it is necessary to have insight in the changes of dietary variables with time. For prospective cohort studies also information about the reproducibility of a dietary variable is needed. Long-term prospective studies with repeated dietary measures provide a powerful tool in studying diet-disease relations, but practical limitations may prevent the implementation of such designs.

Cohort Studies↗

PubMed1990

Changes in food and nutrient intake in middle-aged men from 1960 to 1985 (the Zutphen Study).

Within the Zutphen Study dietary surveys using the cross-check dietary history method were carried out in 1960, 1965, 1970, and 1985. Of the 872 men aged 40-59 y examined in 1960, 315 participated in all four surveys. In 1985 a small random sample of 51 men aged 40-59 y was also investigated. Between 1960 and 1985 the consumption of bread, potatoes, and edible fats decreased and the consumption of fruits, pastries, nuts, and alcoholic beverages increased in both the aging cohort and in the two independent samples of middle-aged men examined 25 y apart. These changes were accompanied by a substantial decrease in the intake of monounsaturated fat, polysaccharides, and potassium and a substantial increase in animal protein and alcohol. Small changes were observed in the intake of saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary cholesterol, and dietary fiber. Since 1960 some changes in a nutritionally desirable direction were observed but the diet of the Zutphen men in 1985 departs substantially from the guidelines for a healthy diet formulated by The Netherlands Nutrition Council in 1986.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Habitual fish consumption, fatty acids of serum phospholipids and platelet function.

To clarify whether the inverse relation between habitual fish consumption and cardiovascular mortality in the Dutch town of Zutphen could be explained by changes in platelet function or fibrinolysis, 40 healthy elderly men were selected from the Zutphen study population on the basis of their fish consumption over the last 26 years. In the high-fish group (n = 25) fish consumption was on average 33 g per person per day; in the low-fish group (n = 15) it was on average 2 g per person per day. This difference was reflected by significant differences in the concentrations of timnodonic acid (20:5n - 3) and cervonic acid (22:6n - 3) in the serum phospholipids of the participants. Between both groups no significant differences were observed in cutaneous bleeding time, platelet number, and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and ATP-release in whole blood. The same holds for the actual as well as the potential thromboxane B2 formation of activated platelets and for the activity of the plasminogen activator inhibitor. For most of the platelet-related variables a trend was found for a lower activity in the high-fish group. Therefore changes in platelet function might not explain, but may have slightly contributed to the inverse relationship between coronary heart disease and fish consumption, as observed in Zutphen.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1988

The impact of body mass index of 78,612 18-year old Dutch men on 32-year mortality from all causes.

In a non-concurrent cohort study, the data from medical examinations of 78,612 Dutch men at the age of 18 were linked to mortality registrations over a follow-up period of 32 years. Body weight and height, blood pressure, resting pulse rate, education, birth order and a health score were recorded. The average Body Mass Index was 20.8 kg/m2. About 5% of the men were very lean (BMI less than 18) and only about 2% had grade I obesity (BMI greater than 25). During 32 years of follow-up 3642 men died. By means of a logistic regression analysis the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) at the age of 18 on longevity was investigated. Healthy, well-educated men with a BMI of 19 had a higher rate of survival during the entire follow-up period. A negative effect of a high BMI (greater than 25) was only demonstrable after 20 years of follow-up. Men with a BMI under 18 had an increased mortality risk, which was mainly caused by an impaired health status. The results of this study support the hypothesis that moderately obese young men have an increased mortality risk.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Serum cholesterol and 25-year incidence of and mortality from myocardial infarction and cancer. The Zutphen Study.

In the Zutphen Study, cholesterol determinations were carried out in 1960 in serum of 829 middle-aged men. Between 1960 and 1985, detailed information was collected on morbidity and mortality in these men. During 25 years of follow-up, 179 men developed myocardial infarctions and 203 developed cancer. During this period, 110 men died of myocardial infarction, 144 of cancer, and 410 of all causes. Survival analysis showed that the serum cholesterol level in 1960 was independently related to the 25-year incidence of myocardial infarction. This long-term relation was mainly due to the strong association between serum cholesterol level and 15-year incidence of myocardial infarction. Similar but less pronounced relations were found between serum cholesterol level and 15- and 25-year mortality from myocardial infarction. Serum cholesterol level was related neither to long-term incidence of and mortality from cancer nor to mortality from all causes.

Cholesterol↗

PubMed1985

The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease.

The low death rate from coronary heart disease among the Greenland Eskimos has been ascribed to their high fish consumption. We therefore decided to investigate the relation between fish consumption and coronary heart disease in a group of men in the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands. Information about the fish consumption of 852 middle-aged men without coronary heart disease was collected in 1960 by a careful dietary history obtained from the participants and their wives. During 20 years of follow-up 78 men died from coronary heart disease. An inverse dose-response relation was observed between fish consumption in 1960 and death from coronary heart disease during 20 years of follow-up. This relation persisted after multiple logistic-regression analyses. Mortality from coronary heart disease was more than 50 per cent lower among those who consumed at least 30 g of fish per day than among those who did not eat fish. We conclude that the consumption of as little as one or two fish dishes per week may be of preventive value in relation to coronary heart disease.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1985

Trace metals and coronary heart disease risk indicators in 152 elderly men (the Zutphen Study).

Information about trace metals and coronary heart disease risk indicators was collected in 1977 among 152 men aged 57-76 years in the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands. Serum zinc, serum copper, blood cadmium, and blood lead were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and serum lithium by flame emission spectrometry. After uni- and multivariate regression analysis, the following statistically significant relations were found: serum zinc was inversely related to resting heart rate; serum copper was positively related to cigarette smoking and inversely to high density lipoprotein cholesterol; blood cadmium was strongly positively related to cigarette smoking and inversely to Quetelet index; the positive relation between blood lead and cigarette smoking was of borderline significance; and blood lead was related to blood pressure, with the relation being stronger for systolic than for diastolic blood pressure.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

Diet, prevalence and 10-year mortality from coronary heart disease in 871 middle-aged men. The Zutphen Study.

The Zutphen Study is a longitudinal investigation among middle-aged men of relationships between diet, other risk characteristics, and coronary heart disease (CHD). In 1960, dietary data were collected by the cross-check dietary history method. CHD mortality data were collected during 10 years of follow-up. The 14 men with CHD at baseline consumed 524 kcal/day less than the 857 CHD-free men. During 10 years of follow-up, 30 men who were initially free of CHD died from CHD. Those men consumed 273 kcal/day less than men who did not die from CHD. The inverse relationship between energy intake and CHD became stronger when energy intake was expressed per kg of body weight. Dietary cholesterol per 1000 kcal was significantly positively related to CHD, while vegetable protein, polysaccharides, and dietary fiber were significantly inversely related to CHD. These relationships were no longer statistically significant when energy intake per kg of body weight was added to the logistic model. The inverse relationship between energy intake per kg of body weight and CHD became insignificant when subscapular skinfold and serum cholesterol were added to the logistic model. It is concluded that the influence of energy intake per kg of body weight on CHD is mediated through other risk characteristics: subscapular skinfold and serum cholesterol.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Dietary fibre and 10-year mortality from coronary heart disease, cancer, and all causes. The Zutphen study.

In 1960, 871 middle-aged men in the town of Zutphen, The Netherlands, participated in a survey of risk indicators (including diet) for coronary heart disease (CHD). Information was collected about the usual food intake for the 6--12 months before the interview by the cross-check dietary history method. During 10 years of follow-up, 107 men died from all causes, 37 from CHD, and 44 from cancer. Mortality from CHD was about four times higher for men in the lowest quintile of dietary-fibre intake than for those in the highest quintile, but this inverse relation disappeared after multivariate analyses. Rates of death from cancer and from all causes were about three times higher for men in the lowest quintile of dietary-fibre intake than for those in the highest quintile, and these relations persisted after multivariate analyses. A diet containing at least 37 g dietary fibre per day may be protective against chronic diseases in Western societies.

Adult↗