Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Yuan.
Zhigancao injection can antagonise the arrhythmia induced by chloroform, adrenaline, aconitine, strophanthine K and barium chloride, slow the heart rate, prolong P-R and Q-T intervals and antagonise the positive chronotropic response induced by isoprenaline. The LD50 of zhigancao injection is 41.2g/kg in nice by intraperitoneal.
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Angiographic displays of cerebral vessels can be generated with single-excitation three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Differentiation of true stenosis from artifactual signal loss, due to dephasing effects from fast or nonconstant blood flow and field inhomogeneities, poses a significant clinical problem that can be largely resolved with the use of very short echo times (TEs). A three-dimensional imaging technique was developed that allows TEs of 3.1 msec without and 4.5 msec with first-order flow compensation gradients. The short TEs were achieved with short asymmetric radio-frequency pulses, gradients of minimal duration, and fractional echoes. Significantly improved images of normal tortuous vessels with fast flow were obtained. With this method, accuracy in depicting the vessel lumen and confidence in the findings were markedly increased.
Phrenic and renal nerves activities, spinal reflex (knee jerk and the evoked monosynaptic reflex response from the 5th lumbar ventral root), motility of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum and colon, and motility of urinary bladder during and after the lethal asphyxia were studied in cats under intraperitoneal urethane (400 mg/kg) and chloralose (40 mg/kg) anesthesia. Asphyxial anoxia produced one or two peaks of elevation of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) followed by a progressive decrease of SAP and narrowing of pulse pressure and eventual complete cardiovascular arrest. The phrenic nerve activity increased markedly during the final asphyxial SAP elevation; it then decreased along with the decline of SAP and ceased permanently when the SAP reached about 50 mmHg. The renal nerve activity increased along with each phase of pressure elevation. During the terminal stage of progressive SAP fall, the renal nerve activity fluctuated up and down 2-3 times before the SAP dropped to zero, and the activity persisted for an average of 202 sec thereafter. Data suggest that the motoneurons of the phrenic nerve in the cervical spinal cord and medulla oblongata are more vulnerable to asphyxia than the motoneurons responsible for the spinal reflex in the pathway from medulla, the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and the celiac ganglion. During anoxia, the lumbar spinal reflex showed an initial inhibition then potentiation afterward. Even after the SAP had reached zero, the spinal reflex could still be elicited for one to a few minutes. This suggests that the spinal cord can function sometime after complete cardiac arrest subsequent to asphyxia. The motility of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, colon and urinary bladder usually decreased during the period of pressure elevation. However, the activity was enhanced during the terminal stage of pressure decline. The enhancement of the colon and bladder motility, spasmodic in nature, was particularly prominent, more so than the others. After complete cardiovascular arrest, the motility of the above viscera became temporary quiescent but about 10 minutes later, it resumed activity again with an enhancement of action in some of the animals. The motility, persisted from few minutes to over six hours. These phenomena indicate that despite a complete deprivation of circulatory and respiratory supports, or death of the animal, the viscera can still contract for a certain period of time.
The results of the immune response and post inoculation reactions of simultaneous administration of BCG, meningococcus group A polysaccharide vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine were reported. 360 newborn babies (1-3 days of age) were divided into five groups. The babies in group No. 1 were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine alone, babies in group No. 2 were vaccinated with BCG for scarification within 3 days after delivery and meningococcus group A polysaccharide vaccine in 6 months of age; babies in group No. 3 were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, BCG for scarification and Meningococcus group A polysaccharide vaccine simultaneously, babies in group No. 4 were vaccinated with intradermal BCG and Meningococcus group A polysaccharide vaccine separately, babies in group No. 5 were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, intradermal BCG and meningococcus group A polysaccharide vaccine simultaneously. The results of the immune response of the combination of hepatitis B vaccine with BCG, meningococcus group A polysaccharide vaccine were similarly to the immune response observed after immunization of each vaccine alone in children. The general post inoculation reactions of all vaccines were mild. There was no significant difference among all 5 groups. The data showed that children could be immunized with hepatitis B vaccine, BCG and meningococcus group A polysaccharide vaccine simultaneously.
The fruits of three species are used as the Chinese drug "Shechuangzi", namely Cnidium monnieri, C. monnieri var. formosana and C. japonicum, among which only C. monnieri is the real sort. The authors have distinguished them by macroscopic and microscopic structures and TLC. The total coumarin, trace element and amino acid contents are reported.
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Flowing spins experience a time-varying frequency during the application of slice-selective radiofrequency (RF) pulses. As a result the flowing spins accumulate phase relative to stationary spins as the spins are rotated toward the transverse plane. Using finite difference techniques to solve the Bloch equations for flowing spins, the phase of the transverse magnetization after a slice-selective pulse was evaluated for varying flow velocities and for tip angles which ranged between 0 degrees and 180 degrees. The following results were obtained for constant slice thickness: (1) For a fixed tip angle, the phase varies nonlinearly with velocity. (2) For a fixed velocity, the phase varies nonlinearly with tip angle. For small tip angles the nonlinearity in the variation as a function of velocity is very small but increases for tip angles greater than 90 degrees and becomes especially severe near 180 degrees. A method is proposed to desensitize the phase of flowing spins during the application of slice-selective pulses. The compensation scheme depends upon tip angle but is virtually independent of flow velocity. The technique was tested and verified with clinical images.
Quantitative evaluation of radiographic changes by computer-assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA) requires exact knowledge about method errors. In the present study, density change errors were determined from pairs of films with "no change". From this distribution of error values, a series of threshold values for correction of changes due to method errors was selected. The threshold values were then applied to results from analysis of densitometric changes in sites with "known loss" or "no change" of the alveolar bone among films from cynomolgus monkeys. The density errors formed non-normal distributions with no difference in magnitudes between the absolute values expressing density decreases and density increases in the same areas. Calculation of sensitivity, specificity, type 1 and type 2 errors showed that these variables were clearly influenced by selection of different threshold values for correction of the density change errors. It is therefore recommended that threshold values be determined for each analytical system initially as well as following any equipment or computer program modification. Before selecting the threshold value for a specific radiographic analysis, the desired level of sensitivity and specificity should be evaluated.
Budd-Chiari syndrome is an unusual form of portal hypertension caused by occlusion of the hepatic venous outflow, and it is often confused with portal hypertension caused by liver cirrhosis. Its prognosis is poor, and optimal therapy remains to be established. This is a report of 100 confirmed cases of this syndrome treated from December 1982 to March 1988 at two vascular centers in China. Sixty-two male and 38 female patients, 15 to 62 years of age (mean age, 32.6 years) were treated. Seventy-six patients had intractable ascites, 56 had esophageal varices, and 22 had upper gastrointestinal bleeding. There were 37 cases of membranous obstruction, 57 cases of occlusion of the inferior vena cava above the confluence of the hepatic veins, and 6 cases of occlusion of the hepatic veins. Eighty-one patients were operated on. Operative mortality rate was 8.6% (7/81). Follow-up from 2 to 66 months revealed that 58 of the patients operated on (72%) had good results, whereas 11 of 19 (58%) patients treated nonoperatively died within 2 months after admission. On the basis of these data we conclude that the operative procedure must be tailored to the cause and underlying pathologic characteristics. Mesoatrial shunting is the operation of choice for patients with occlusion of the retrohepatic inferior vena cava and hepatic veins, and inferior vena cava--atrial shunting is the operation of choice for patients with occlusion of the inferior vena cava and patency of the hepatic veins. Membranotomy is used for patients with inferior vena cava webbing, and mesocaval shunting is used for patients with intrahepatic venous occlusion only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
To have a better understanding of rubella seroepidemiology among female population in Taiwan, we report a serologic survey of 4030 examinations for 2030 school girls and 2000 pregnant women, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of rubella specific IgG. RA 27/3 vaccines were given to susceptible volunteer students and postpartum women for the evaluation of vaccine efficiency and its side effects. The results showed that the rubella susceptible female among 8 to 22-year-old girl students was 44.97%, which was higher than expected, as most of them experienced the outbreak of rubella in 1977. The susceptibility rate among the pregnant women was 19.35%, which was also higher than expected for an age group having been through two outbreaks in the past. All the vaccinees showed good tolerance to the vaccine and the seroconversion rate was 100%. With such high susceptibility rate among women of child bearing age and girl students, plus the endemic property of rubella infection in Taiwan, we can expect a high risk of congenital rubella syndrome. Mass vaccination against rubella should be brought into effect immediately.
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