Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution causes reversible mucosal elevation surrounding a minute depressed-type rectal cancer.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Biomedical subjects
C Yamamoto
Publications and source records attributed to C Yamamoto.
Rejection of stimulus-related MEG artifacts using independent component analysis.
Electro-gustatory (EG) stimuli have been used to investigate the gustatory information processing in the human brain with precise temporal and spatial accuracy. But this technique was not widely applicable to magnetoencephalographic measurements due to the difficulty in eliminating huge stimulus-related artifact. In this study, we used independent component decomposition of the measured signal to reject the stimulus-related artifact from other brain activities based on information maximization (infomax) approach. Infomax ICA was applied to raw MEG data measured by 122 magnetometer channels producing 122 temporally independent components, and the trials for each component were averaged separately. Each independent component was visually inspected and the components obviously representing the EG stimulus-related artifacts were excluded from remixing and the signal projection onto the original MEG signal space to reconstruct the artifact-free MEG signals. Results showed that large EG stimulus-related artifacts were clearly removed from MEG waveforms. We were also able to separate blink-related components and magnetocardiographic components as well as the components representing alpha-band (8-13 Hz) spontaneous brain activity.
Artifacts↗
Experimental nephropathy induced by Haemophilus parainfluenzae antigens.
BACKGROUND: We have demonstrated that outer membrane antigens of Haemophilus parainfluenzae (OMHP) are potentially involved in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). In this study, we established an experimental model of IgAN using OMHP antigens and investigated the nephritogenicity of OMHP antigens. METHODS: One hundred and twenty C3H/HeN mice were administered OMHP antigens orally (PO group) or intraperitoneally (IP group). Mice were sacrificed at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 weeks of age to examine sequential glomerular changes and to measure levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody against OMHP by ELISA. RESULTS: Glomerular deposition of IgA and increases in the amount of mesangial matrix were observed in the PO group and the IP group from 40 and 30 weeks of age, respectively. Mice in both groups showed glomerular deposition of OMHP antigens from 30 or 40 weeks of age. Levels of IgA antibodies against OMHP were significantly increased in the PO and IP groups compared with controls. There was a significant correlation between mesangial proliferation and glomerular deposition of IgA. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of OMHP antigens to mice may induce glomerular deposition of IgA and mesangial proliferation, resembling the changes seen in IgAN, with increases in IgA antibodies against OMHP antigens. This is the first use of OMHP antigens to establish an active model of IgAN.
Animals↗
Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides using polysaccharide-type chiral stationary phases and polar organic, polar aqueous-organic and normal-phase eluents.
HPLC enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides was studied using cellulose and amylose phenylcarbamate derivatives as chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The contributions of various functional groups of a chiral analyte as well as the polysaccharide derivatives in the analyte retention and chiral recognition were evaluated. A very high enantioseparation factor exceeding 110 was observed in the enantioseparation of 2-(benzylsulfinyl)benzamide (BSBA) on cellulose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) (CDCPC) CSP by using 2-propanol as a mobile phase. The enantiomer elution order was opposite on cellulose and amylose phenylcarbamates. For the polysaccharide-type CSPs, pure alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol represent a valuable alternative to more common alcohol-hydrocarbon and reversed-phase eluents.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Diastereoselective inter- and intramolecular pinacol coupling of aldehydes promoted by monomeric titanocene(II) complex Cp(2)TiPh.
A monomeric titanocene(III) derivative, Cp(2)TiPh, effectively promoted the pinacol coupling of both an aromatic aldehyde, benzaldehyde, and an aliphatic aldehyde, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde. The same reactive complex was successfully generated by a catalytic amount of a precursor, Cp(2)Ti(Ph)Cl, and its stoichiometric amount of Zn. The Cp(2)TiPh-catalyzed pinacol coupling of benzaldehyde derivatives and aliphatic aldehydes afforded the corresponding 1,2-diols in high yields with moderate to good threo-selectivity. On the other hand, Cp(2)TiPh-catalyzed pinacol cyclization of dials gave cyclic 1,2-diols with excellent diastereoselectivity. The extension of this protocol to chiral dials demonstrated that the phenyltitanium complex catalytically transmitted an axial chirality or a central chirality of the starting dials to the central chirality of the resultant 1,2-diols.
Journal Article↗
Mechanical strain induces specific changes in the synthesis and organization of proteoglycans by vascular smooth muscle cells.
In the mechanically active environment of the artery, cells sense mechanical stimuli and regulate extracellular matrix structure. In this study, we explored the changes in synthesis of proteoglycans by vascular smooth muscle cells in response to precisely controlled mechanical strains. Strain increased mRNA for versican (3.2-fold), biglycan (2.0-fold), and perlecan (2.0-fold), whereas decorin mRNA levels decreased to a third of control levels. Strain also increased versican, biglycan, and perlecan core proteins, with a concomitant decrease in decorin core protein. Deformation did not alter the hydrodynamic size of proteoglycans as evidenced by molecular sieve chromatography but increased sulfate incorporation in both chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (p < 0.05 for both). Using DNA microarrays, we also identified the gene for the hyaluronan-linking protein TSG6 as mechanically induced in smooth muscle cells. Northern analysis confirmed a 4.0-fold increase in steady state mRNA for TSG6 following deformation. Size exclusion chromatography under associative conditions showed that versican-hyaluronan aggregation was enhanced following deformation. These data demonstrate that mechanical deformation increases specific vascular smooth muscle cell proteoglycan synthesis and aggregation, indicating a highly coordinated extracellular matrix response to biomechanical stimulation.
Aorta↗
Thought Field Therapy clinical applications: utilization in an HMO in behavioral medicine and behavioral health services.
Thought Field Therapy (TFT) is a self-administered treatment developed by psychologist Roger Callahan. TFT uses energy meridian treatment points and bilateral optical-cortical stimulation while focusing on the targeted symptoms or problem being addressed. The clinical applications of TFT summarized included anxiety, adjustment disorder with anxiety and depression, anxiety due to medical condition, anger, acute stress, bereavement, chronic pain, cravings, depression, fatigue, nausea, neurodermatitis, obsessive traits, panic disorder without agoraphobia, parent-child stress, phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, relationship stress, trichotillomania, tremor, and work stress. This uncontrolled study reports on changes in self-reported Subjective Units of Distress (SUD; Wolpe, 1969) in 1,594 applications of TFT, treating 714 patients. Paired t-tests of pre- and posttreatment SUD were statistically significant in 31 categories reviewed. These within-session decreases of SUD are preliminary data that call for controlled studies to examine validity, reliability, and maintenance of effects over time. Illustrative case and heart rate variability data are presented.
Adult↗
Impact of boost irradiation with surgically placed radiopaque clips on local control in breast-conserving therapy.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether boost irradiation relying on radiopaque clips placed surgically around the resected margin of breast cancer contributes to increasing the local control rate in patients with close or positive margins in breast-conserving therapy (BCT). METHODS: Among 837 patients with breast cancer who underwent BCT between November 1987 and December 1998, 181 patients with close or positive surgical margins received boost irradiation following conventional tangential whole breast irradiation. Since 1994, four radiopaque clips were surgically placed around the resected margin of the breast cancer in 155 patients treated with wide excision. The four clips were clearly and accurately identified with a CT-simulator (CT-S). The boost irradiation field was automatically determined with a safety margin of 3 cm according to one-to-one correspondence of radiopaque clips to pathologically close or positive surgical margins. In the remaining 26 patients treated before 1994, the boost irradiation field was determined according to the skin tattoo of the primary tumor. RESULTS: The median follow-up period of the 155 patients receiving the radiopaque clips was 42 months (range: 19 to 78), and that of the 26 patients without the clips was 87 months. Local recurrence was observed in two of the 155 patients who underwent boost irradiation using the radiopaque clips 39 and 54 months after the surgery, while 4 of the 26 patients developed local recurrence 14, 23, 51, and 76 months after BCT. In three of the four patients without the clips developing local recurrences, local recurrences were observed at the margin of the boost irradiation field. The 5-year local recurrence-free survival rate of patients who received boost irradiation with the radiopaque clips was 97%, and that of patients without the clips was 88%. The difference of local recurrence-free survival rates between the patients with and without the clips was significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Surgically placed radiopaque clips appear to be useful for determining adequate boost field in the BCT using the CT-S and help increase the local control rate.
Adult↗
Effect of diet on changes in small intestinal blood flow following intracolonic administration of indomethacin to rats.
Liquid diet (LD) is known to be protective against indomethacin-induced enteropathy, which is thought to be associated with ischemic change. We tested the hypothesis that the solid component of diet modulates small intestinal blood flow (SIBF) following indomethacin administration. In the first experiment, male Wistar rats were divided into 18-hr-fasted and normal diet groups. Indomethacin (20 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered intracolonically. SIBF was measured on both the mesenteric and antimesenteric sides of the intestine, using the hydrogen gas clearance method. In the second experiment, rats were given LD alone or LD with increasing concentration of soluble/insoluble fiber for seven days. The baseline SIBF was significantly higher in the groups with normal diet and LD with fiber than in the fasting and LD groups. Following indomethacin administration, SIBF gradually decreased in the groups with normal diet and LD with insoluble fiber, while neither liquid diet nor fasting reduced SIBF. There was no difference in SIBF between the mesenteric and antimesenteric sides of the intestine in any group. Our findings suggest that solid components of diet increase basal SIBF and decrease SIBF following indomethacin administration.
Animals↗
Programmed filtration, a new method for removing large molecules and regulating albumin leakage during hemodiafiltration treatment.
During hemodiafiltration (HDF) treatment for chronic renal failure patients, replacing large volumes using high-flux membranes with relatively large pores is preferred from the standpoint of enhancing the elimination of large molecules (10 to 50 kd). Aggressive protein-permeable treatment often results in massive leakage of essential albumin, however, which may cause fatigue, hypotension, and a decrease in the plasma albumin concentration in some patients. During 5-hour conventional HDF treatment with the filtration rate or pressure set at constant values, fractional albumin loss in the dialysate was assayed, which revealed that the albumin concentration in the dialysate showed a maximum value in the beginning with a steep decline within 1 hour. Approximately 40% to 50% of the total amount of albumin leakage occurred during the first 30 minutes. Concomitantly the large molecules transferred into the pores by aggressive filtration during the beginning partially plugged the pores, resulting in a decrease in the permeability for beta(2)-microglobulin. From the standpoint of achieving the highest clearance for large molecules, while suppressing albumin leakage below the acceptable range, the optimal profiles for filtration conditions in HDF have been proposed, in which either the transmembrane pressure is regulated according to the sigmoid curve in the pressure control manner or the flow rate is set along the concave in the flow control manner. The profiles of pressure or flow as a function of time have been programmed and installed in a HDF machine to perform an optimal HDF treatment automatically. The new filtration methods gave significantly higher beta(2)-microglobulin removal and lower albumin leakage than conventional HDF methods with constant filtration.
Albumins↗
Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu snake) venom induces human erythrocyte lysis through enzymatic lipolysis, complement activation and decreased membrane expression of CD55 and CD59.
Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu snake) bites can be fatal to man because of its virulent venom, which is clinicopathologically classified as haemorrhagic, necrotic, and haemolytic toxins. Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom causes lysis of human erythrocytes in conditions where plasma is present as well as in plasma-free conditions in a dose-dependent manner. The haemolytic process requires Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the solution. Additionally, the venom initiates activation of the human complement cascade as evidenced by C3a and C5a releases, complement consumption indicated by CH50 and formation of soluble membrane attack complex. The insertion of membrane attack complex into the erythrocyte membranes is morphologically identified by electronmicroscopy. Immunofluorescence analysis reveals that incubation of erythrocytes with the venom decreased cell-surface expression of CD55 (decay accelerating factor) and CD59 (protectin), which renders erythrocyte more vulnerable to adherent C3 and C5 convertases and to polymerization of C9 into membranes, and may enhance autologous complement-mediated haemolysis triggered by the venom. Our data demonstrate that Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom induces haemolysis in the presence of plasma by three distinct mechanisms, direct lipolysis through PLA2 activity, activation of the human complement system, and cleavages of CD55 and CD59 from erythrocyte membranes.
Animals↗
Effects of a two-week, hospitalized phase II cardiac rehabilitation program on physical capacity, lipid profiles and psychological variables in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
A new 2-week hospitalized phase II cardiac rehabilitation program has been designed and the present study sought to clarify whether the physical and psychological status of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) improved after participation in the program. Fifty-one patients with AMI were enrolled in the rehabilitation program, which consisted of exercise training, education and counselling, and another 34 patients with AMI who did not participate in the program served as the control group. The physical and psychological status of the patients was evaluated before, at 1-month after the program, and at 6- and 12-months follow-ups. The physical status was assessed by exercise tolerance and serum lipid profiles and the psychological status was assessed by the Spielberger State-Trait anxiety inventory questionnaire (STAI) and self-rating questionnaire for depression. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using established and validated QOL scales. After participation in the program, the exercise tolerance, serum lipid profiles and STAI anxiety score of the patients were improved significantly and at the 6-month follow-up these parameters remained improved and regular physical activity was maintained. The QOL score also improved significantly. Even at the 12-month follow-up, lipid profiles remained improved and regular physical activity was maintained. The 2-week hospitalized phase II cardiac rehabilitation program improved the management of cardiac risk factors and psychological status in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). It provides beneficial effects on the patient's physical and psychological activities in the recovery phase and may also contribute to the secondary prevention of MI.
Adult↗
Resolution and rotational barriers of quinolinone and acridone sulfenamide derivatives: demonstration of the S-N chiral axis.
Achiral (8a) and chiral (8b) N-(2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenyl)acridone derivatives were synthesized. Addition of the chiral solvating agent (S)- 2,2,2-trifluro-1-(anthryl)ethanol to 8a rendered the enantiotopic groups on the acridone ring diastereotopic and anisochronous, thus allowing the estimation of a lower limit for the rotational barrier about the S-N bond (18.7 kcal mol(-)(1)) by NMR spectroscopy. 8b and the previously reported chiral sulfenamide 5 (Raban, M.; Martin, V. A.; Craine, L. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4311) were resolved on a Chiracel OD HPLC column. This constitutes the first resolution of stereostable enantiomers of a compound in which the chirality is due only to the presence of the S-N chiral axis. The rotational barriers of both compounds are nearly equal (22.7-22. 8 kcal mol(-)(1) at 303.7 K) and are the largest determined to date for the rotation about the S-N bond in sulfenamides. The relatively high enantiomerization barrier for 8b is remarkable since the peri positions are unsubstituted.
Journal Article↗
Proteoglycans synthesized by cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells after exposure to lead: lead selectively inhibits the synthesis of versican, a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan.
To investigate the effects of lead on the formation of extracellular matrix in the vascular wall, we characterized proteoglycans synthesized by cultured vascular smooth muscle cells after exposure to the metal by biochemical techniques. Confluent cultures of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells were metabolically labeled with [(35)S]sulfate or [(35)S]methionine/cysteine in the presence of lead nitrate. The amount of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was evaluated by the incorporation of [(35)S]sulfate into GAGs by the cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation method. The labeled proteoglycans were characterized by DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography and Sepharose CL-2B molecular sieve chromatography. The GAG M(r) and composition were analyzed by Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, and the core protein M(r) was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, before and after digestion with papain or chondroitin ABC lyase. Lead significantly decreased the [(35)S]sulfate incorporation into GAGs accumulated in the cell layer and the conditioned medium. [(35)S]Sulfate-labeled proteoglycans obtained from the cell layer and the conditioned medium were separated into three peaks on DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and only the peak with the highest charge density was decreased by lead. The highly charged peak was eluted near the void volume on Sepharose CL-2B molecular sieve chromatography and sensitive to chondroitin ABC lyase on Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, indicating that lead selectively inhibits the synthesis of large and highly charged chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans (CS/DSPGs). However, the size of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate chains of the CS/DSPGs was M(r) approximately 47000 in both the control and lead-treated cultures. On the other hand, lead decreased the accumulation of a large CS/DSPG with a core protein of approximately 450 kDa in the cell layer and the conditioned medium; the core protein was identified as versican core by Western blot analysis. It is therefore suggested that lead inhibits the synthesis of the versican core protein in vascular smooth muscle cells without a change in length of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate side chains. As a result, versican-poor extracellular matrix would be induced by lead in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Animals↗
Cycloprodigiosin hydrochloride, H(+)/CL(-) symporter, induces apoptosis and differentiation in HL-60 cells.
Cycloprodigiosin hydrochloride (cPrG * HCl), a novel H(+)/Cl(-) symporter, induces acidification of the cytosol and leads to apoptosis in rat and human liver cancer cells. In the present study, the effect of cPrG * HCl on a promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) was examined. cPrG * HCl lowered intracellular pH and induced apoptosis through up-regulation of Fas ligand, activation of stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK/JNK) and caspase. Apoptosis induced by cPrG * HCl was strongly suppressed when a cell-permeable weak base, imidazole, was present, indicating that cytosol acidification introduced by cPrG * HCl triggered caspase activation, leading to apoptosis. Concomitantly, cell differentiation into monocyte was also induced by cPrG * HCl both morphologically and functionally. However, the cPrG * HCl-induced differentiation was not suppressed by addition of imidazole, indicating that the differentiation process is unrelated to cytosol acidification. Further, the differentiation induced by cPrG * HCl was blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (lavendustin A and HMA) but unaffected by the inhibitors of A-kinase (H-89) or C-kinase (H-7). Taken together, these findings suggest that cPrG * HCl, through apoptosis and differentiation induction, may be useful in leukemia treatment.
Antiporters↗
Cell density-dependent regulation of proteoglycan synthesis by transforming growth factor-beta(1) in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells.
The regulation of vascular endothelial cell behavior during angiogenesis and in disease by transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) is complex, but it clearly involves growth factor-induced changes in extracellular matrix synthesis. Proteoglycans (PGs) synthesized by endothelial cells contribute to the formation of the vascular extracellular matrix and also influence cellular proliferation and migration. Since the effects of TGF-beta(1) on vascular smooth muscle cell growth are dependent on cell density, it is possible that TGF-beta(1) also directs different patterns of PG synthesis in endothelial cells at different cell densities. In the present study, dense and sparse cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells were metabolically labeled with [(3)H]glucosamine, [(35)S]sulfate, or (35)S-labeled amino acids in the presence of TGF-beta(1). The labeled PGs were characterized by DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B molecular sieve chromatography. The glycosaminoglycan M(r) and composition were analyzed by Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, and the core protein M(r) was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, before and after digestion with papain, heparitinase, or chondroitin ABC lyase. These experiments indicate that the effect of TGF-beta(1) on vascular endothelial cell PG synthesis is dependent on cell density. Specifically, TGF-beta(1) induced an accumulation of small chondroitin/dermatan sulfate PGs (CS/DSPGs) with core proteins of approximately 50 kDa in the medium of both dense and sparse cultures, but a cell layer-associated heparan sulfate PG with a core protein size of approximately 400 kDa accumulated only in dense cultures. Moreover, only in the dense cell cultures did TGF-beta(1) cause CS/DSPG hydrodynamic size to increase, which was due to the synthesis of CS/DSPGs with longer glycosaminoglycan chains. The heparan sulfate PG and CS/DSPG core proteins were identified as perlecan and biglycan, respectively, by Western blot analysis. The present data suggest that TGF-beta(1) promotes the synthesis of both perlecan and biglycan when endothelial cell density is high, whereas only biglycan synthesis is stimulated when the cell density is low. Furthermore, glycosaminoglycan chains are elongated only in biglycan synthesized by the cells at a high cell density.
Amino Acids↗
Cycloprodigiosin hydrochloride, a H+/Cl- symporter, induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines.
The effect of cycloprodigiosin hydrochloride (cPrG.HCl), a H+/Cl- symporter, on five human breast cancer cell lines (KPL-1, T-47D, MCF-7, MKL-F, and MDA-MB-231), a human breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100), and a human fibroblast cell line (WI-38-40) was examined. cPrG.HCl inhibited the growth of all five breast cancer cell lines (IC50: 0.46-0.62 microM) and slightly inhibited HBL-100 and WI-38-40 cell growth (IC50: 1.75 microM and 2.26 microM respectively). cPrG.HCl treatment in KPL-1 cells increased the pH of acidic organelles, decreased intracellular pH, and caused apoptosis, which was confirmed by the appearance of a sub-G1 population by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation. In addition, cPrG.HCl-induced apoptosis was strongly suppressed by imidazole, a cell-permeable base, suggesting that intracellular acidification was essential for the apoptosis. Further, cPrG.HCl treatment up-regulated Bax and Bak expression, down-regulated Bcl-2 expression, and activated caspase-3. Therefore, the intracellular acidification by cPrG.HCl treatment suppressed the growth of human breast cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis.
Antiporters↗
Chemical modification of a catalytic antibody that accelerates the hydrolysis of carbonate esters.
Catalytic antibody, 4A1, catalyzes the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl alkyl carbonate. To determine the amino acid residues related to the catalytic activity of the antibody, we studied the effect of Tyr-, Trp-, and Lys-selective reagents on the catalytic activity and determined the amino acid sequences around the modified amino acid residues. We found that the Tyr-selective reagent is the most effective one and the modification of one Tyr residue results in the complete loss of the catalytic activity. The modified Tyr residue is identified to be Tyr-32 in the CDR-1 of the L chain.
Amino Acid Sequence↗