Cosmid cloning and walking to map human CD1 leukocyte differentiation antigen genes.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Antigens, CD↗
Biomedical subjects
C Y Yu
Publications and source records attributed to C Y Yu.
Transcriptional activation of human zeta 2 globin promoter by the alpha globin regulatory element (HS-40): functional role of specific nuclear factor-DNA complexes.
We studied the functional interaction between human embryonic zeta 2 globin promoter and the alpha globin regulatory element (HS-40) located 40 kb upstream of the zeta 2 globin gene. It was shown by transient expression assay that HS-40 behaved as an authentic enhancer for high-level zeta 2 globin promoter activity in K562 cells, an erythroid cell line of embryonic and/or fetal origin. Although sequences located between -559 and -88 of the zeta 2 globin gene were dispensable for its expression on enhancerless plasmids, they were required for the HS-40 enhancer-mediated activity of the zeta 2 globin promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that this HS-40 enhancer-zeta 2 globin promoter interaction is mediated by the two GATA-1 factor binding motifs located at -230 and -104, respectively. The functional domains of HS-40 were also mapped. Bal 31 deletion mapping data suggested that one GATA-1 motif, one GT motif, and two NF-E2/AP1 motifs together formed the functional core of HS-40 in the erythroid-specific activation of the zeta 2 globin promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis further demonstrated that the enhancer function of one of the two NF-E2/AP1 motifs of HS-40 is mediated through its binding to NF-E2 but not AP1 transcription factor. Finally, we did genomic footprinting of the HS-40 enhancer region in K562 cells, adult nucleated erythroblasts, and different nonerythroid cells. All sequence motifs within the functional core of HS-40, as mapped by transient expression analysis, appeared to bind a nuclear factor(s) in living K562 cells but not in nonerythroid cells. On the other hand, only one of the apparently nonfunctional sequence motifs was bound with factors in vivo. In comparison to K562, nucleated erythroblasts from adult human bone marrow exhibited a similar but nonidentical pattern of nuclear factor binding in vivo at the HS-40 region. These data suggest that transcriptional activation of human embryonic zeta 2 globin gene and the fetal/adult alpha globin genes is mediated by erythroid cell-specific and developmental stage-specific nuclear factor-DNA complexes which form at the enhancer (HS-40) and the globin promoters.
Base Sequence↗
Lumbosacral kinematics in the sagittal plane: a radiographic study in vivo.
Lateral functional radiographs of flexion and extension using Putto's method were examined in 89 normal subjects. A specially-designed radiopaque ruler was placed on each film for calibration. A computer-assisted method was used for digitization and analysis. There were weak negative correlations between age and range of motion, especially at the L4-L5 level (r = 0.437). No significant correlation was noted between age and translation. For flexion-extension rotation, although large variations may limit its usefulness in judging instability in some clinical settings, the data still provide a good diagnostic basis. For translation changes, 2 mm is regarded as acceptable in most cases at levels from L1 to L5, but not at the level of L5-S1 where the average translation change was only 0.4 mm. The differences in the absolute translation value among different positions were not statistically significant (p = 0.064).
Adult↗
Effects of splenectomy, devascularization and esophageal transection on portal venous pressure and portal perfusion in cirrhotic patients with bleeding esophageal varices.
This investigation sought to determine the effects of splenectomy, devascularization and esophageal transection on portal venous pressure and portal perfusion in cirrhotic patients with a previous history of hemorrhage from esophageal varices. From June 1988 to June 1991, 54 patients with liver cirrhosis underwent this nonshunting procedure for esophageal varices. Of these patients, 24 patients (20 men and four women, 39 to 68 years of age, all in Child's class A) were examined for portal pressure before, during and after the nonshunting operations. Portal venous perfusion was assessed from the venous phase of the superior mesenteric arteriogram preoperatively and one year after surgery in 16 of these 24 patients. There was no significant change (p > 0.05) in cardiac output and systemic blood pressure after the operation. The portal venous pressure before surgery was 28.4 +/- 8.0 mmHg with a range from 18 to 44 mmHg. A statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the portal pressure was observed after ligation of the splenic artery (26.6 +/- 8.9 mmHg), splenectomy (24.8 +/- 8.0 mmHg), and devascularization with transection (23.4 +/- 7.5 mmHg). No correlation between the portal pressure change and splenic weight was noted (p > 0.05). Postoperative portal perfusion remained the same or even improved in 15 of these 16 patients. Only in one patient was the portal perfusion worse after the operation; this patient developed encephalopathy about 18 months later. In conclusion, a significant reduction in portal pressure is noted after nonshunting procedures but a persistent, relatively high portal pressure is maintained. Good postoperative portal perfusion can also be maintained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
The effects of putaminal hemorrhage upon motoneuron excitability.
To evaluate the putaminal influence on spinal motoneuron excitability, H-reflex recovery curve (HRRC) was studied in 24 patients with putaminal hemorrhage. Thirteen patients had increased facilitation, most significantly between 150 msec and 300 msec after the conditioning stimulus. It is proposed that putaminal dysfunction may cause an impairment in inhibition of soleus motoneuron excitability. Such a putaminal disinhibition is probably related to a disturbance of the thalamo-striatal and thalamic fasciculus circuits.
Adult↗
Use of hematoma size on computerized tomography and calculated average bleeding rate as indications for immediate surgical intervention in blunt renal trauma.
One of the most demanding situations for a urologist is to decide which blunt renal trauma patients need immediate surgical exploration. Although computerized tomography can offer a lot of invaluable information, clear guidelines for selection of surgical versus conservative treatment are still lacking. A retrospective study of 15 blunt renal trauma cases showed that the hematoma size measured from computerized tomography using the method of summation planimetry bears a much closer correlation with the clinical outcome of the patient than does the degree of kidney parenchymal defect. Moreover, the average bleeding rate, calculated by dividing the size of the hematoma by the time elapsed from injury to scanning, gives a more accurate prediction for the need for immediate surgical treatment.
Adolescent↗
Pancreas divisum with early pancreatic cancer--presenting as chronic obstructive pancreatitis.
A 61-year-old man experienced four bouts of pancreatitis in 1 year. Detailed history taking and a series of examinations, including sonography, computed tomography scan, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), revealed pancreas divisum on the first admission. He was treated conservatively. However, repeated ERCP on the fourth admission, 1 year later, showed a small filling defect in the tail of the pancreatic duct. A distal pancreatectomy was carried out. Pathological studies revealed a small papillary adenocarcinoma (1.5 x 1.0 x 0.5 cm) confined to the pancreatic duct grossly with minimal parenchymal invasion microscopically. He has been free from cancer and pancreatitis for 13 months since the operation.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Cytotoxicity studies on some novel 2,6-dimethoxyhydroquinone derivatives.
Six synthetic 2,6-dimethoxyhydroquinone derivatives were shown to have different degrees of cytotoxicity to two human tumor cell lines (KB and PC-9) under the synergistic activation of L-ascorbic acid. Two representative compounds displayed very low time-schedule-independent index, showing that the cytotoxic action is independent of time of drug treatment. The addition of catalase produced a significant inhibitory effect on the cytotoxicity of two representative compounds, indicating that the cytotoxic action is mediated by the generation of H2O2, which may yield hydroxyl radicals via various mechanisms. ESR studies employing the spin-trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) showed that massive hydroxyl radicals were generated from four of these drugs as a non-linear function of L-ascorbic acid concentration. The results indicate the possible involvement of hydroxyl radicals in the cytotoxic action of these novel drugs.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Lumbar lordosis: normal adults.
Lumbar curvatures in 149 normal adults from the general population were studied. There were 76 men and 73 women with an average age of 50 years. The mean values of lumbar lordotic angle (LLA), lumbosacral angle (LSA) and sacral inclination angle (SIA) were 33.2 +/- 12.1 degrees, 11.4 +/- 4.7 degrees and 26.4 +/- 10 degrees, respectively. A high correlation was noted between LLA and SIA (r = 0.883, p = 0.0001). LLA is an ideal parameter for the evaluation of lumbar lordosis. The normal value of LLA can be defined as 20-45 degrees with a range of 1 SD. No significant differences were noted in these three angles between males and females in any age group (LLA, p = 0.647; LSA, p = 0.80; SLA, p = 0.189). Also, X-ray findings indicated there were no significant differences between these three angles in spondylotic spines and those spines with a normal appearance from X-ray finding. The average LLA increased with age. Significant lumbar lordotic angle differences were noted between those patients less than 35 years of age and those greater than 60 years, as well as in the 35-60 age group and the greater than 60 age group (p = 0.0056).
Adult↗
The CACC box upstream of human embryonic epsilon globin gene binds Sp1 and is a functional promoter element in vitro and in vivo.
DNA sequences 179 base pairs upstream and 23 base pairs downstream of the cap site of human embryonic epsilon globin gene exhibit promoter activity in transfected cell cultures. The nuclear factor binding in vitro of this epsilon promoter region was studied by DNase I foot-printing, methylation interference, and gel mobility shift assay. Four major nuclear factor-binding sites are detected in complexes formed with unfractionated nuclear extracts: NF-E1 at -163, epsilon F1 at -143, CACC box at -111, and CBF at -81, respectively. Of these, NF-E1 is an erythroid-specific factor. epsilon F1 is probably a ubiquitous factor because it is present in both erythroid K562 cells and nonerythroid HeLa cells. The epsilon F1-binding site exhibits sequence similarity to that of the cAMP response element-binding protein family of transcription factors. Finally, the CCAAT box-binding protein (CBF)-binding site centers around the CCAAT promoter box. Comparative binding studies with unfractionated nuclear extracts and affinity purified HeLa Sp1 demonstrated that the epsilon-globin CACC box at -111 is a binding site of Sp1. The spatial arrangements of the NF-E1-binding site, the CACC box, and CCAAT box, with respect to their mutual separations by approximately integral numbers of helical turns, is well conserved in all mammalian embryonic epsilon globin promoters. Transient expression assay, using human growth hormone gene as the receptor, demonstrated that similar to the other two human beta-like globin genes (beta and gamma), the CACC box of epsilon globin gene is an essential promoter element for epsilon globin gene expression in vivo in K562 cells. This CACC promoter box also functions in vitro in nuclear extracts prepared from K562 cells. These data, together with Sp1-binding studies of the human beta and gamma globin CACC boxes, suggest that the general transcription factor Sp1, through its differential interactions with different forms of CACC promoter boxes, is an essential component of the machinery that controls the developmental program of mammalian globin gene regulation.
Base Sequence↗
The complete exon-intron structure of a human complement component C4A gene. DNA sequences, polymorphism, and linkage to the 21-hydroxylase gene.
The human complement component C4A and C4B genes are located within the class III region of the MHC. The polymorphic C4 genes are highly complex including variations in class (isotype), size, and number of genes. The DNA sequence for a C4A gene has been determined, except for a large intron of 6 to 7 kb long. The C4A gene consists of 41 exons encoding a transcript for a precursor protein of 1744 amino acid residues. Several structural and functional aspects of C4 have been located to individual exons. The active site of the anaphylatoxin C4a matches to a splice junction. Some unique properties of C4, such as, the alpha-gamma-chain junction, the tyrosine sulfation sites, and the post-secretory metalloprotease cleavage site, are encoded by a single exon. Comparison of human C4 with published data for mouse C4, human C3 and rat alpha 2 macroglobulin genes revealed that these evolutionary-related genes share very similar exon-intron structures. Altogether 20 polymorphic sites in human C4 have been detected by various techniques. Presumably, these polymorphic residues account for the functional, structural, and serologic variations observed among the various allotypes. A PvuII restriction length polymorphism has been detected within the region of DNA coding for C4a. The intergenic region between C4 and the neighboring 21-hydroxylase gene, CYP21, is approximately 3028 bp in size.
Base Sequence↗
Postirradiation angiosarcoma of the terminal ileum.
Sarcomas which develop after radiotherapy mainly involve the soft tissue and the bone. Postirradiation angiosarcomas involving the internal organs are exceedingly rare and so far only three cases have been reported. Here, a case of angiosarcoma of the terminal ileum in a 48-year-old female is reported. The tumor developed 39 months after radiotherapy for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Angiosarcoma recurred locally and metastasized to the liver eight months after initial resection of the primary lesion of the terminal ileum. The patient died from sepsis 23 days after the resection of the recurrent ileal and metastatic hepatic neoplasms. Hence, any patients complaining of new discomfort that occurs in an irradiated field two years or more after radiotherapy should be promptly searched for the presence of the postirradiation neoplasms.
Female↗
[Quantification of acetabular coverage in normal adult].
Quantification of acetabular coverage is important and can be expressed by superimposition of cartilage tracings on the maximum cross-sectional area of the femoral head. A practical Autolisp program on PC AutoCAD has been developed by us to quantify the acetabular coverage through numerical expression of the images of computed tomography. Thirty adults (60 hips) with normal center-edge angle and acetabular index in plain X ray were randomly selected for serial drops. These slices were prepared with a fixed coordination and in continuous sections of 5 mm in thickness. The contours of the cartilage of each section were digitized into a PC computer and processed by AutoCAD programs to quantify and characterize the acetabular coverage of normal and dysplastic adult hips. We found that a total coverage ratio of greater than 80%, an anterior coverage ratio of greater than 75% and a posterior coverage ratio of greater than 80% can be categorized in a normal group. Polar edge distance is a good indicator for the evaluation of preoperative and postoperative coverage conditions. For standardization and evaluation of acetabular coverage, the most suitable parameters are the total coverage ratio, anterior coverage ratio, posterior coverage ratio and polar edge distance. However, medial coverage and lateral coverage ratios are indispensable in cases of dysplastic hip because variations between them are so great that acetabuloplasty may be impossible. This program can also be used to classify precisely the type of dysplastic hip.
Acetabulum↗
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy with microcephaly: a new human mitotic mutant?
We report the case of a 17 year old girl with severe microcephaly and mental retardation, in whom karyotype analysis of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes, cultured skin fibroblasts, direct and cultured bone marrow and EBV-transformed lymphoblasts all showed at least 10% of cells with trisomy, which could be for many different chromosomes. All trisomies except 5, 10, 13, 14 and 17 were observed. Tissue-specific differences in the predominant trisomy occurred. The existence of this mosaic trisomy in four different tissues and in repeated cultures over a three year period suggests that it is due to a genetic abnormality resulting in mitotic instability. This case is compared with six previously reported human cases with a similar phenomenon, including two pairs of siblings. It is unclear whether all cases represent the same condition, since clinical and cytogenetic differences exist among them. The term "mosaic variegated aneuploidy with microcephaly" is suggested as a descriptive term for this syndrome.
Adolescent↗
Characterization of two hybrid C4 allotypes (C4A*12 and C4B*3) by electrophoretic, serological and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses.
Informative pedigree analysis of two rare C4 allotypes is reported. One proband was C4A deficient as a consequence of having one haplotype with a deleted C4A gene, and the second haplotype with two C4B genes--one encoding the common C4B*1 and one encoding a unique hybrid gene product C4B*3. C4B*3 had approximately normal C4B hemolytic activity, a single alpha-chain of MR 94,000 by SDS-PAGE but was positive for Rg:1,2 by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and for Rg:1 by Western blotting. The hybrid nature was confirmed by RFLP analysis with a Rg:1-associated fragment by Eco0109 digestion but no C4A-associated fragments by N1aIV digestion were identified. A gene conversion at Locus I which included just the C4 isotype region could explain the structure of C4B*3. The second pedigree had a Rodgers negative C4A*12 allotype. This C4A gene, which segregated with a single 7.0 kb TaqI fragment, encoded a C4A alpha-chain, which was negative for Rg:1 epitope. The affected haplotype lacked the Rg:1-associated fragment by Eco0109 digestion yet had the C4A specific N1aIV digestion fragment. These studies successfully employed RFLP analyses to confirm serologic and electrophoretic observations.
Adolescent↗
Cell type-specific protein-DNA interactions in the human zeta-globin upstream promoter region: displacement of Sp1 by the erythroid cell-specific factor NF-E1.
The protein-DNA interactions of the upstream promoter region of the human embryonic zeta-globin gene in nuclear extracts of erythroid K562 cells and nonerythroid HeLa cells were analyzed by DNase I footprinting, gel mobility shift assay, methylation interference, and oligonucleotide competition experiments. There are mainly two clusters of nuclear factor-binding sites in the zeta promoter. The proximal cluster spans the DNA sequence from -110 to -60 and consists of binding sites for CP2, Sp1, and NF-E1. NF-E1 binding is K562 specific, whereas CP2 binding is common to both types of cells. Overlapping the NF-E1- and CP2-binding sites is a hidden Sp1-binding site or CAC box, as demonstrated by binding studies of affinity-purified Sp1. In the distal promoter region at -250 to -220, another NF-E1-binding site overlaps a CAC box or Sp1-binding site. Extract-mixing experiments demonstrated that the higher affinity of NF-E1 binding excluded the binding of Sp1 in the K562 extract. NF-E1 factors could also displace prebound Sp1 molecules. Between the two clusters of multiple-factor-binding sites are sequences recognized by other factors, including zeta-globin factors 1 and 2, that are present in both HeLa and K562 extracts. We discuss the cell type-specific, competitive binding of multiple nuclear factors in terms of functional implications in transcriptional regulation of the zeta-globin gene.
Base Sequence↗
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver with occlusive endophlebitis: report of a case.
Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver is an extremely rare benign tumor. Only 12 cases have so far been reported in the English literature. The etiology and pathogenesis of IPT remain obscure. We herein present an additional case of IPT of the liver with occlusive endophlebitis in a 36-year-old female. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the polyclonal nature of the plasma cells in the tumor, including IgA, IgM, IgG, kappa and lambda. The inflammatory pseudotumor should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of hepatic space-occupying malignant lesions.
Adult↗
[Effect of electroshock on learning-dependent long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal CA3 area].
Population spikes were recorded from hippocampal CA3 of freely moving rats following stimulation of the perforant path. Six rats were trained to perform conditioned drinking behavior. (1) Animals were treated with electroshock in less than 15 minutes after daily training session for a period of 6 consecutive days. Synaptic efficacy did not increase and the conditioned response could not be established during the behavioral training in four rats, synaptic efficacy was increased, the long-term potentiation (LTP) appeared and the conditioned behavior was established in other two rats. (2) After consolidation of conditioned behavior, electroshock temporarily caused suppression of the learning-dependent LTP and the correlative conditioned response. Both LTP and the correlative conditioned response recovered in one to four hours after electroshock. In these cases, the maximal development of LTP preceded the development of conditioned behavior. The results indicated that the learning-dependent LTP might be one of the neural substrates underlying learning and memory.
Animals↗