Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Y Liou.
We present a new approach to enlarging the basin of attraction of associative memory, including auto-associative memory and temporal associative memory. The memory trained by means of this method can tolerate and recover from seriously noisy patterns. Simulations show that this approach will greatly reduce the number of limit cycles.
An enzyme immunoassay was developed for monitoring protease reactions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The protease and its substrate, the gag precursor, were generated separately in Escherichia coli. The HIV-1 protease was generated with a glutathione-S-transferase expression system and the gag substrate, named Pin17/24, was prepared with a PinPoint expression system. Pin17/24 consists of an N-terminal peptide, which is biotinylated in E. coli, fused with a C-terminal peptide that contains a protease cleavage site flanked by p17 and p24 segments. Through its biotin in the N-terminal region, Pin17/24 bound to ELISA plates coated with avidin, whereas through its C-terminal region, the same molecule of Pin17/24 could be recognized by an anti-p24 monoclonal antibody. When the protease was added to Pin17/24, the p24 fragment was released from the biotinylated fusion protein and could no longer be retained on the avidin plates, and as a result, binding of the anti-p24 monoclonal antibody decreased. The binding was specific and the reaction was inhibited by a known HIV protease inhibitor. Due to the specific interactions between avidin and biotin, monoclonal antibody and antigen, and the HIV protease and the gag substrate, crude preparations of these reagents can be used readily in the assay. The simplicity and feasibility of this method should be useful for simultaneous monitoring of many enzyme reactions, particularly for screening possible HIV protease inhibitors.
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Neonatal bowel perforation is a potentially lethal disease whose etiology and pathophysiology remain unclear. An aggressive approach with surgical intervention has been favored by some authors; otherwise, a high mortality rate was reported. In recent time, peritoneal drainage under local anesthesia for critically-ill premature infants with complicating perforation of necrotizing enterocolitis has had good results. Two cases of such perforation are reported. Case 1, a full-term baby was delivered by spontaneous delivery. Bowel perforation was found on the second day after birth. Case 2, a 27-week gestational age, premature baby, was delivered by emergent Cesarean section because of maternal placenta previa with massive vaginal bleeding. Bowel perforation was found, after feeding, on the seventh day after birth. Both sets of parents refused any surgical procedure, but the infants survived under medically conservative treatment, and the use of peritoneal drainage. This technique may be considered for neonates with bowel perforation if a surgical procedure is unsuitable or unacceptable.