The establishment of two monoclonal antibodies that recognize canine MHC class II antigens.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
C Y Lin
Publications and source records attributed to C Y Lin.
Usefulness of cytokines in early detection of canine lung allograft rejection.
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Animals↗
[Mannitol reduces plasma hydrogen peroxide free radical in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery].
During the procedure of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), the release of free oxygen radicals as a result of ischemia and reperfusion which plants the seeds of post-operative low cardiac output and arrhythmias has grave consequence on the reestablishment of cardiac function. A variety of chemical agents such as mannitol, allopurinol, catalase (Q-10) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) has proved to be considerably effective to improve the myocardial necrosis following ischemia and reperfusion. In this study we chose mannitol (0.2 gm/kg) as the free oxygen radicals scavenger and utilized mass spectrophotometric method to detect the variation of concentration of [H2O2], a by-product of free oxygen radical, in an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of mannitol in this regard in patients undergoing CABG. Patients were divided into experimental group (n = 19) and control group (n = 20). In the experimental group the concentration of [H2O2] changed from 61 +/- 24 microM/L pre-operatively to 77 +/- 18 microM/L post-operatively as against 75 +/- 31 microM/L and 99 +/- 31 microM/L respectively in the control group. In comparison, only the change in experimental group was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). We confirmed that mannitol functions considerably as a free oxygen radical scavenger since it reduces the production of [H2O2] in patients undergoing CABG.
Aged↗
[Seroepidemiological analysis of hepatitis B virus infection between anesthesia personnel and hospital administration staffs in Changhua Christian Hospital].
For hospital personnel, transmission of virus is a common and serious occupational hazard. Other than suffering from physical discomfort, these infected hospital staffs may also transmit the disease to patients through their blood, mucous or secretion contamination. The purpose of this study is intended to understand the condition of hepatitis B virus infection between anesthetists and hospital administration staffs. Forty-six anesthetists (study group) and 90 hospital administration staffs (control group) were volunteers of the study. Blood samples for serologic and biochemical test of hepatitis B virus infection in each participant were proceeded from October to December 1990. To investigate personal recognition about hepatitis B infection, each was requested to fill up a questionnaire after blood sampling. We also retrieved the chart of all participators for their annual hepatitis B serologic result in order to find out the incidence of seroconversion. Among the 136 participators, 20 (14.7%) were HbsAg carriers. Only 28 (20.6%) of all the participators were free from infection and seronegative. However, it was found that there was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) between the two groups, no matter in HbsAg positive or seronegative incidence. There was 10 (1.27%) incidence of seroconversion during 790 times of person-year observation. Though not significant (P less than 0.05), there was a double fold (2.2 times) seroconversion rate in the study group than that of the control group. Twenty (19.9%) seropositive participators knew that they are hepatitis B carrier or had been infected. Generally, anesthetists seemed better than hospital administration staffs in realizing that they were infected or carrier from the data of serological test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Class IV lupus nephritis associated with Graves' disease.
Graves' disease was initially diagnosed in an 11-year-old Chinese boy in March 1989. After regular propylthiouracil (PTU) and thyroxine, he achieved a euthyroid state. Heavy proteinuria with class IV lupus glomerulonephritis, anemia, arthralgia, low serum complement and anti-dsDNA (+) appeared 15 months later. Thyrotoxicosis also relapsed at this time. His condition fitted the diagnostic criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus. His antimicrosomal antibody titer was 1:1,600 (+) thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody level was strongly positive, and the titer of antiinsulin antibody was high as well. These clinical, laboratory and histological findings indicate that class IV lupus nephritis may be associated with Graves' disease.
Carbimazole↗
Partially endothelium-dependent relaxing effect of ketamine on the canine basilar artery in vitro.
The influence of the endothelium on the vasodilator effect of ketamine and its possible mechanism of action on intracellular calcium levels were investigated. We conducted experiments in vitro on canine basilar arteries precontracted with 5-HT and with potassium at high concentrations. Ketamine (10(-6) to 10(-3) M), added cumulatively, relaxed both 5-HT and high-K(+)-induced contraction of basilar arteries (with or without endothelium) in a dose-dependent manner. The ED50s of ketamine for relaxation of 5-HT and high-K(+)-induced contraction for intact endothelium were 3 x 10(-4) M and 6 x 10(-4) M, respectively, and for denuded preparations, 7 x 10(-4) M and 15 x 10(-4) M, respectively. Methylene blue, which blocks the release and/or the effect of endothelium derived relaxing factor, significantly attenuated the relaxation effect of ketamine on the basilar artery. Our results indicate that the endothelium may be responsible for a part of the vasodilator effect of ketamine. We also examined the effect of pretreatment of basilar artery with ketamine (5 x 10(-4) M) on intracellular calcium levels when contraction was induced by 5-HT or by high K+ concentrations. Ketamine significantly inhibited the phase of the contraction induced by high K+. Thus, the vasodilator effect of ketamine may be mediated by inhibition of calcium influx and by the release of EDRF.
Animals↗
Studies of taeniasis in Taiwan. XIV. Current status of taeniasis among Yami aborigines on Lanyu Island, Taitung County, southeast Taiwan.
In December 1989, 1,457 Yami aborigines in six villages on Lanyu District (Lanyu Island), Taitung County, Southeast Taiwan, were examined by questionnaire and demonstration of the proglottides or by scotch tape perianal swab technique for taeniasis. The overall infection rate was 5%. The highest rate was found at Yehyin (8%) and the lowest at Yujen (2%). However, the rate did not significantly differ among the villages. The infection rate peaked in the 51-60 yr age group (15%) and the lowest rate was observed in the 11-20 yr age group (less than 1%). No infection was found in the 21-30 yr age group. The infection rates of men and women were similar (5%). Twenty-one per cent of 304 families was found to include one or more infected members and a family with five infected person was observed at Yehyin. The infection rate of taeniasis on Lanyu Island decreased from 16% in 1984 to 5% in 1989. However, 51 persons who were negative in 1984 were positive at present, 26 were found to be positive in both studies, and 216 (12 died) who were positive in 1984 were now negative. These results indicate that the Yami people still eat raw meat and viscera of animals.
Adolescent↗
The changes of interleukin-2, tumour necrotic factor and gamma-interferon production among patients with Kawasaki disease.
Included in this study were 43 cases of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS or Kawasaki disease) treated solely with aspirin. Of these, 19 developed coronary aneurysm. Mononuclear cells (MNC) of these MCLS patients were collected weekly and stimulated either with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or PHA plus phorbol myristic acetate. The production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumour necrotic factor (TNF) and gamma-interferon (IFN-r) was determined. In addition, IL-2, TNF, IFN-r from serial collections of serum samples of these patients were also measured. The results show that serum IL-2 and TNF were detected in the 1st week, reached maximal plateau in the 2nd and 3rd week and decreased 1 month later. The production of IL-2, TNF and IFN-r from MCLS patients' MNC increased from the 1st to the 3rd week, persisted at a high level for 1 month and then decreased. During the 2nd and 3rd weeks, there were significantly higher serum IL-2 levels and IL-2 production in patients with than in patients without coronary lesions. These observations suggest that the serum IL-2 level and IL-2 production during the 2nd week may serve as a predictive parameter for coronary aneurysm formation. It also suggests that the production of TNF, IL-2 and IFN-r from MNC may contribute to the development of vascular injury in acute MCLS.
Child↗
Poor efficacy of albendazole for the treatment of human taeniasis.
In order to evaluate the efficacy of albendazole for the treatment of taeniasis, regimens of 400 mg x 1 day, 800 mg x 2 days, 800 mg x 3 days, 1200 mg x 2 days, and 1200 mg x 3 days were compared. Of 66 cases treated and investigated 7-14 days after treatment, 52 were still expelling proglottids. Three months posttreatment, these cases were re-treated with atabrine at 1.2 g per case for males and 1.0 g per case for females. Fifty-seven patients expelled worms or parts of tapeworms. The nine negatives may represent the number cured by the treatment with albendazole. The cure rates with albendazole for various regimens were up to 50% for 800 mg x 3 days, 1200 mg x 2 days or 1200 mg x 3 days, 14.3% for 800 mg x 2 days, and 0% for 400 mg x 1 day or 800 mg x 1 day. This study shows that albendazole is not very effective in the treatment for taeniasis.
Adolescent↗
Human papillomaviruses and small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
The in vitro DNA amplification technique of polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the possible presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. None of the 12 cases examined contain detectable amounts of either HPV type 16, 18, 31, or 33 DNA. On the other hand, HPV types 16 and 18 DNA were found in 14 (93.3%) and 9 (60.0%) of 25 invasive cervical squamous carcinoma tissues. The results seem to suggest that these types of HPV are not present or are present in extremely small quantities in cervical small cell carcinoma. Such an absence of HPV DNA makes it unlikely that these types of HPV play any etiological role in the pathogenesis of cervical small cell carcinoma.
Adult↗
Usefulness of bronchoalveolar cell profile in early detection of canine lung allograft rejection.
To evaluate the value of a bronchoalveolar cell profile in the early detection of canine lung allograft rejection, bronchoalveolar lavages were done serially in mongrel dogs before and after single lung transplantation. The dogs were divided into 3 groups. In group 1, neither donor nor recipient dogs were treated with cyclosporine. In group 2, only donors were treated with cyclosporine, orally at a single dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 3 days prior to single lung transplantation. In group 3, only recipients were treated with cyclosporine (20 mg/kg/day) for 9 days after single lung transplantation. A marked increase in the number of bronchoalveolar cells and their cell differentials, and of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-positive cells obtained from the grafted lungs after lung transplantation, was seen in groups 1 and 2. The changes in bronchoalveolar cell profile obtained from the rejecting grafted lungs were significantly different from those obtained from the normal and native lungs (P less than 0.05). In group 3, the bronchoalveolar cell profile obtained from the grafted lungs did not significantly differ from those present in normal and native lungs during the period of cyclosporine treatment after lung transplantation. On various days after withdrawal of cyclosporine treatment, bronchoalveolar cell profiles obtained from the grafted lungs showed similar changes to those observed in groups 1 and 2. Abnormal changes in bronchoalveolar cell profiles obtained from the grafted lungs heralded the appearance of abnormalities detected by chest X-ray films. Our results indicate that serial measurements of bronchoalveolar cell profile may serve as a useful means for early detection of canine lung allograft rejection.
Animals↗
Treatment of hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy with adenine arabinoside and thymic extract.
Previously we found that corticosteroid treatment in the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated membranous nephropathy (HBVMN) was not associated with a favorable outcome. To distinguish the differences of the HBV DNA in macrophage, T and B cells among HBVMN patients with or without corticosteroid treatment, serial studies at different time points were investigated. HBV DNA appeared as an "episomal" molecule as with 3.2 kb in macrophage, T and B cells. This molecule disappeared after 12 months among HBVMN patients without corticosteroid treatment. HBV DNA, by contrast, appeared as episomal form even three years later in T cells, with frequent proteinuria among HBVMN patients with corticosteroid treatment. This finding indicates that the use of corticosteroids leads to a potential risk of enhancing HBV viral replication in T cells. We studied 24 HBVMN patients who had previously received corticosteroid treatment and had persistent proteinuria, who were administered combination therapy with adenine arabinoside for two weeks and thymic extract (Thymostimulin) for six months to decrease urine protein loss and obtain seroconversion. These 24 patients had heavy (22 of 24, 91.6%) or mild (2 of 24, 8.4%) proteinuria prior to adenine arabinoside and thymostimulin treatment. All 24 patients demonstrated HBV DNA in mononuclear cells and simultaneously exhibited sera positive with HBsAg and HBeAg. In contrast, after treatment only one case (4.2%) had heavy and two cases (8.4%) mild proteinuria; HBV DNA was demonstrated in macrophage (4 of 24, 16.7%), T cells (9 of 24, 37.5%), and B cells (6 of 24, 25%) as well as serum (24 of 24, 100%) prior to treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Evaluation of the efficacy of praziquantel against cysticercosis of a Taenia saginata-like tapeworm (Taiwan strain) in pigs.
In order to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel against cysticercosis in pigs caused by the 'Taiwan Taenia' 16 small-ear miniature pigs were each fed with 10,000 or 30,000 eggs. Twelve pigs were treated with praziquantel: three were given 100 mg kg-1 on one day, three were given 100 mg kg-1 daily for three days, and six were given 100 mg kg-1 daily for five days. Four pigs were used as untreated controls. The cure rates observed were 33.3% in the pigs treated for one day, and 100% in the pigs treated for three or five days.
Animals↗
Identification of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify and identify the presence of the DNA of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with and without urogenital HPV infections. HPV DNA of various types was found in PBMCs of 13 of 25 (52.0%) patients with urogenital HPV infections and in none of the 19 control subjects who are free of urogenital HPV infections. The presence of HPV DNA in PBMCs may impair the immunologic functions of the lymphocytes and play a role in the epidemiology of HPV infections and the pathogenesis of HPV-induced diseases.
Base Sequence↗
Serum hepatitis B virus DNA in hepatitis B virus seropositive and seronegative patients with normal liver function.
The presence of hepatitis type B virus (HBV) DNA in serum specimens from 926 apparently healthy people with normal liver functions was determined by polymerase chain reaction; 41.2% of people with positive results for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) (94 of 228) and 95.2% of people with positive results for HBV e antigen (HBeAg) (60 of 63) were found to have positive results for serum HBV DNA. On the other hand, serum HBV DNA was found in 11.0% (77 of 698) of HBsAg-negative people and in 13% (69 of 530) of those who had positive results for serum antibodies directed against HBsAg. The results seem to suggest that HBV DNA can be found in a significant portion of apparently healthy people with normal liver function who are either seronegative for HBsAg or seropositive for antibodies directed against HBsAg.
Base Sequence↗
Significance of biochemical markers in early detection of canine lung allograft rejection.
To evaluate the significance of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), gamma-interferon, interleukin 2, and soluble IL-2 receptor in early detection of canine lung allograft rejection, bronchoalveolar lavages were performed serially in mongrel dogs before and after single lung transplantation. The dogs were divided into three groups. Group 1 (control group) consisted of one in which neither donor nor recipient dogs were treated with cyclosporine. In group 2 (CsA-pretreated group) only donors were treated with CsA orally at a single dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 3 days prior to single lung transplantation. In group 3 only recipients were treated with CsA orally at a single dose of 20 mg/kg/day for a short period of 9 days after single-lung transplantation. Marked elevation was found of TNF, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-2R in BALF obtained from the grafted lungs in group 1 and group 2 dogs. The levels of these markers were significantly higher than those obtained from the normal, native lungs (P less than 0.05). Two of three recipients in group 2 had pneumonia in the native lungs on day 10 after single-lung transplantation. All markers except IFN-gamma in BALF obtained from the infected native lungs were also increased, but the titers were less than those obtained from the grafted lungs at the same time. There were significantly higher levels of TNF, IL-2, and IL-2R present in the BALF of grafted lungs of dogs in group 1 than group 2 (P less than 0.05). In group 3, BALF levels of these markers from the grafted lungs were not significantly different from those of the normal and native lungs during the period of CsA treatment after single-lung transplantation. On various days after discontinuation of CsA treatment, BALF levels of all markers began to rise. Abnormal levels of BALF markers obtained from the grafted lungs heralded the appearance of abnormalities detected by chest x-ray films. Our study suggests that serially measuring BALF levels of TNF, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-2R may serve as a useful means in monitoring the immunologic status of canine lung allografts and in the early detection of lung allograft rejection. The role of BALF IFN-gamma in distinguishing lung allograft rejection from pulmonary infection needs further studies.
Animals↗
Decreased size of peritoneal macrophage during peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.
From January 1987 to July 1988, 30 patients suffering from end-stage renal disease were treated with continuous ambulatory peritonitis dialysis (CAPD) therapy. Serial cell number, size and cycle of the peritoneal macrophage (PM) in these patients were measured before and during episodes of peritonitis from the time they started CAPD therapy. Patients with peritonitis were divided into high peritonitis occurrence (HPOG) and low peritonitis occurrence (LPOG) groups. Both before and during occurrence of peritonitis, there were no significant differences in the number of PM cells in the dialysate taken from patients in the HPOG and LPOG. When peritonitis occurred, the size and cell cycle S/Go-G1 ratio decreased about 3 days after the onset of peritonitis. It progressed to the lowest level 7-10 days later, then progressively recovered. However, the dialysate PM cells from the HPOG took a much longer time to recover to the preperitonitis size. When dialysate PM cells from patients without peritonitis were put into the dialysate of HPOG patients on day 10 of peritonitis and incubated for 24 h, an obvious decrease in cell size could be identified. On the other hand, when the PM cells from HPOG patients with peritonitis on day 10 were incubated 24 h with the dialysate from patients without peritonitis, there were obvious increases in cell size. These results suggest there may be a substance (or substances) in the peritonitis dialysate, which contribute(s) to the shrinkage of PM cell size.
Adolescent↗
Enhancement of ionized calcium and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol loss from peritoneal fluid during peritonitis in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
This study was to evaluate whether peritoneal loss of vitamin D metabolites during peritonitis leads to more depletion of 1,25-hydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D] in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, especially in the high peritonitis occurrence group (HPOG). A series of ionized calcium, pH values, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D levels in dialysate during peritonitis were studied in 30 CAPD patients. In addition, bone mineral content (BMC) was determined during peritonitis. On the basis of peritonitis occurrence, 14 patients were in the low peritonitis occurrence group (LPOG) and 6 patients in the HPOG. Increase in peritoneal loss of ionized calcium, 1,25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D and a decrease of pH value in dialysate may appear in the early period of peritonitis in both groups. When peritonitis occurs too frequently in a short period, the peritoneal membrane function cannot recover completely. Frequent peritonitis may impair peritoneal function and cause persistent loss of calcium. 1,25(OH)2D3 amd 25(OH)D loss is also higher in the HPOG than in the LPOG. The persistent loss of calcium, low plasma vitamin D levels and increased parathyroid hormone level with hyperparathyroidism in the HPOG are the important factors contributing to renal osteodystrophy. The lower BMC in the bone study confirmed this. Therefore, adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation is necessary in the HPOG.
Adolescent↗