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Biomedical subjects

C Y Li

Publications and source records attributed to C Y Li.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Bipedal stance exercise enhances antiresorption effects of estrogen and counteracts its inhibitory effect on bone formation in sham and ovariectomized rats.

In this study we employed a raised cage model in combination with estrogen to observe their effects on the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM) and tibial shaft (TX) in sham-operated or ovariectomized rats. A total of 105 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. Bilateral sham ovariectomy or ovariectomy was performed at day 0 and the rats were housed in normal height or raised cages (RCs) and injected subcutaneously twice per week with 10 microg/kg of 17beta-estradiol (E2) or vehicle for 4 and 8 weeks. Because the time course of bone loss or bone gain distribution was not uniform in the metaphyses of the tibia, we subdivided the PTM into three zones (medial, central, and lateral) to observe the different bone loss or bone gain patterns after ovariectomy and/or raised cages. We found that: (1) E2 alone did not alter bone area or architecture in sham rats, whereas RC alone increased trabecular thickness and area of PTM, but had no effects on TX; (2) Ovx induced most bone loss from the central zone of the PTM and endocortical surface of TX, accompanied by decreased trabecular number and increased bone resorption; (3) E2 alone prevented ovx-induced bone loss by preserving trabecular number and depressing bone resorption; (4) RC alone partially compensated for bone loss following ovx by thickening the surviving trabeculae in lateral and medial zones, and tended to stimulate bone formation and decrease bone resorption; and (5) RC plus E2 increased trabecular bone area by having an additive effect on bone resorption and bone turnover. RCs helped to prevent the depressive effect of estrogen on periosteal bone formation. In conclusion, early and rapid bone loss occurred in the central zone of the metaphysis and endocortical surface after ovx. Estrogen replacement therapy prevented this loss. Raised cages partially compensated for bone loss following ovx by thickening the trabeculae in the lateral area of the metaphysis and decreased endocortical erosion. Combination treatment added bone to the PTM and prevented the decrease of periosteal bone formation after estrogen administration.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The impact of national health insurance on the utilization of health care services by pregnant women: the case in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVES: Substantially increased funding for health care services occurred in Taiwan after the implementation of a national health insurance plan in 1995. This study attempts to examine the impact of this national health insurance plan on the utilization of prenatal and intrapartum care services. METHODS: Nationally representative surveys of all pregnant women in Taiwan in 1989 (1,662 participants) and in 1996 (3,626 participants) were included in the analysis. We first compared the distribution of birth characteristics between the two surveys. We then calculated the rate of utilization of various prenatal and intrapartum care services in the two surveys in the overall sample and in subsamples, stratified by maternal education, age, and parity. RESULTS: The utilization of most prenatal and intrapartum care services, especially the complicated laboratory tests, increased in 1996 compared to 1989. For example, the proportion of women who received amniocentesis increased from 1.62% in 1989 to 5.60% in 1996 and German measles testing increased from 5.96% to 27.11%. By contrast, the proportion of women who received consultation services was stable over time, or for family planning, consultation declined from 33.21% to 27.00%. These changes in utilization over time were consistently observed across different maternal education, age, and parity groups. CONCLUSIONS: The utilization of prenatal and intrapartum care services, especially for the more expensive services, has substantially increased in Taiwan since the implementation of the national health insurance. For countries considering similar national health insurance plan, it may be helpful to consider cost-containing measures before the implementation of such a plan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Postnatal iron status of Hong Kong Chinese women in a longitudinal study of maternal nutrition.

OBJECTIVE: To report postnatal iron nutritional status of Hong Kong Chinese women during the first 6 months postpartum. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A longitudinal study examining postnatal calcium and iron status of Hong Kong Chinese breastfeeding and formula-feeding women was conducted during 1998. Postpartum women aged 20-40 y, with no bone or blood disorders were recruited and interviewed at 0 (baseline), 2, 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months postpartum. Dietary intake was assessed by a 3 day dietary record and cross checked by a 24 h recall. Complete blood count and serum ferritin level were measured to assess anaemia and iron status. In this report, subjects were divided into an anaemic group (haemoglobin level < 10 g/dl) and a non-anaemic group (haemoglobin level > or = 10 g/dl) according to baseline haemoglobin levels. RESULTS: At baseline, 13/47 (27.7%) subjects were anaemic. Two of these 13 anaemic subjects were still anaemic at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Anaemic subjects showed significantly (P < 0.01) greater amounts of blood loss and a higher rate of primary postpartum haemorrhage than the non-anaemic subjects. Daily food intake and dietary nutrient intake did not differ significantly between the two groups. During the first 6 weeks postpartum, subjects in both groups consumed more poultry and egg, and comparable amounts of meat, compared with women in the Hong Kong general population. Iron and vitamin C intakes for the majority of subjects reached 60% of the US Recommended Daily Allowances. Regression analysis suggested that the rate of change in haemoglobin level in the first 6 weeks postpartum was positively correlated with baseline MCV level and serum ferritin level, but negatively correlated with baseline haemoglobin level. CONCLUSIONS: Blood loss at delivery is an important factor for postpartum anaemia. Postnatal recovery of iron status of this group of women appeared to be more related to physiological factors than to dietary factors. The role of diet as well as other physiological changes in postpartum women requires further investigation. Finding ways to minimise blood loss at delivery could be the most practical strategy to reduce the rate of postpartum anaemia. SPONSORSHIP: CSM was supported by a research studentship from the Research Grants Council, Hong Kong.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A phase II study of sequential combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

In an earlier study of previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we used a concomitant combination of chlorambucil and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and reported overall (OR) and complete (CR) remission rates of 80% and 20%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 5 years, more than 80% of the responders have had a relapse. In the current phase II study of 27 previously untreated patients with CLL, we used a sequential combination of six cycles of intravenous cyclophosphamide (1 g/m2) plus oral prednisone (100 mg/m2 per day for 5 days) followed by two to six cycles of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (5 mg/m2 per day for 5 days). The OR and CR rates were 96% and 33%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 29 months, 35% of the responders have had a relapse. Progression-free survival was significantly better in CR patients than in those with partial remission. However, minimal residual disease was phenotypically detected in four of the nine CR patients. Despite the fact that the current OR and CR rates are superior to those seen in a historical cohort treated with a concomitant schedule, a longer follow-up period is needed to assess the durability of these remissions, and a controlled trial is necessary to estimate the impact on overall survival and toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cytogenetic findings and their clinical relevance in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia.

The prognostic significance of bone marrow cytogenetic lesions in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) was investigated in a retrospective series of 165 patients. An abnormal karyotype was demonstrated in 57% of patients. At diagnosis (n = 92), 48% of the patients had detectable cytogenetic abnormalities, and clonal evolution was frequently demonstrated in sequential studies. More than 90% of the anomalies were represented by 20q-, 13q-, +8, +9, 12p-, and abnormalities of chromosomes 1 and 7. Of these, 20q-, 13q- and +8 were the most frequent sole abnormalities, each occurring in 15-25% of the abnormal cases. Trisomy 9 and abnormalities of chromosomes 1 and 7 were equally prevalent but were usually associated with additional cytogenetic lesions. Chromosome 5 abnormalities were infrequent but were over-represented in the group of patients exposed to genotoxic therapy. In a multivariate analysis that incorporated other clinical and laboratory variables, the presence of an abnormal karyotype did not carry an adverse prognosis. Instead, +8, 12p-, advanced age and anaemia were independent prognostic determinants of inferior survival. In particular, survival was not adversely affected by the presence of either 20q- or 13q-.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A phase II trial of pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-[1H]-pyridone), a novel anti-fibrosing agent, in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia.

The anti-fibrotic and cytokine modulatory properties of pirfenidone suggest its usefulness in the treatment of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM). In a prospective study, 28 patients with MMM were treated with oral pirfenidone. Twelve patients completed 1 year of therapy; 13 were withdrawn because of disease progression and three because of drug intolerance. Only one patient experienced a clinically relevant benefit with respect to anaemia and splenomegaly. The overall lack of clinical benefit correlated with no significant improvement in the bone marrow morphological features of the disease. We conclude that pirfenidone has no significant clinical or biological activity in MMM.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Laser hair removal: long-term results with a 755 nm alexandrite laser.

BACKGROUND: Hypertrichosis is a common problem for which laser hair removal is becoming the treatment of choice. Optimal wavelength, pulse duration, spot size, fluence, and skin cooling parameters for various skin types have not yet been firmly established. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of a 3-msec 755 nm alexandrite laser equipped with a cryogen cooling device for patients with Fitzpatrick skin types I-V. METHODS: Eighty-nine untanned patients with skin types I-V underwent a total of 492 treatments of laser hair removal over a 15-month period. Each patient in the study underwent a minimum of three treatment sessions spaced 4-6 weeks apart (mean treatments 5.6). Retrospective chart review and patient interviews were used to establish hair reduction results. Treatment sites included the axillae, bikini, extremities, face, and trunk. A 3-msec pulse width, 755 nm alexandrite laser equipped with a cryogen spray cooling device was used in this study. Spot sizes of 10-15 mm were used. A spot size of 10 mm was used for fluences greater than 40 J/cm(2), a spot size of 12 mm was used for fluences of 35-40 J/cm(2), and spot sizes of 12 and 15 mm were used for fluences less than 30 J/cm(2). Fluences ranging from 20 to 50 J/cm(2) (mean fluence 36 J/cm(2)) were used. RESULTS: The patients had a mean 74% hair reduction. Skin type I patients had an average of 78.5% hair reduction using a mean fluence of 40 J/cm(2) (35-50 J/cm(2)) and a 10-12 mm spot size (12 mm in more than 95% of treatments). Skin type II patients had a mean 74.3% hair reduction using a mean fluence of 38 J/cm(2) (30-40 J/cm2) and a 12-15 mm spot size. Skin type III patients had a mean 73.4% hair reduction using a mean fluence of 37 J/cm(2) (25-40 J/cm(2)) and a 12-15 mm spot size. Skin type IV patients had a mean 71.0% hair reduction using a mean fluence of 31 J/cm2 (25-35 J/cm(2)) and a 12-15 mm spot size. A patient with skin type V had a 60% hair reduction using a mean fluence of 23 J/cm(2) (20-25 J/cm(2)) and a 12-15 mm spot size. The efficiency of hair removal directly correlates significantly with the fluence used. Rare side effects included transient postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (n = 9; 10%), burn with blisters (n = 1; 1%), and postinflammatory hypopigmentation (n = 2; 2%). All complications resolved without permanent scarring. CONCLUSION: The 3-msec cryogen cooling-equipped alexandrite laser can safely and effectively achieve long-term hair removal in patients with skin types I-V. The best results are achieved in untanned patients with skin types I-IV.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Primary cerebral anaplastic large cell lymphoma containing abundant reactive histiocytes and eosinophils. A case report and literature review.

Primary cerebral anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is very rare. We report on our experience with such a case and review the literature. A 46-year-old Taiwanese woman presented with headache, weakness of her right extremity, and limited eye movement. A solid mass (5 cm x 4 cm) at the left occipital lobe was almost completely removed. The neoplastic cells, some of which had reniform or embryo-like nuclei, were large and were admixed with abundant eosinophils, histiocytes, and some small lymphocytes. These neoplastic cells expressed CD30, CD43, granzyme B and T-cell intracellular antigen-1, but not ALK1, CD3, CD20, CD45, CD79a, cytokeratin, and EMA. They were positive for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded mRNA by in situ hybridization. Polymerase chain reaction study of formalin-fixed tissue showed a clonal gene arrangement of the T-cell receptor-gamma chain. ALCL of T-cell lineage with cytotoxic phenotype was diagnosed. The patient received cranial irradiation and has remained with no evidence of disease for 25 months of follow-up.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Uterine leiomyoma with massive lymphocytic infiltration simulating malignant lymphoma. A case report with immunohistochemical study showing that the infiltrating lymphocytes are cytotoxic T cells.

Uterine leiomyoma with massive lymphoid infiltration is very rare and may simulate malignant lymphoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of such a lesion occurring in an Oriental, and the ninth case in the English literature. A 50-year-old Taiwanese woman had urinary frequency and nocturia because of a uterine myoma. The myomectomy specimen was identified as a well-defined tumor, 6.5-cm in diameter, the cut surface of which was pale, white and whorled. A massive lymphocytic infiltration accompanied by plasma cells and histiocytes was noted in the leiomyoma but not in the surrounding non-neoplastic myometrial fibers. Most infiltrating lymphocytes were positive for CD3 and T cell intracellular antigen-1, a cytotoxic marker. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the urinary symptoms improved within a 6-month follow-up period.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of leg and face veins with a cryogen spray variable pulse width 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser--a prospective study of 47 patients.

OBJECTIVE: Throughout the 1990s laser treatment of leg veins has been a challenge. Newer, longer wavelength lasers capable of delivering high fluences with larger spot sizes, with variable pulse width have shown promising preliminary results. Experience with these lasers for the treatment of facial telangiectasia and periorbital reticular veins is even more scant. To the authors' knowledge this is the first prospective study to evaluate a variable pulse width, cryogen spray-equipped 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of both leg and face veins, including larger periorbital reticular veins. METHODS: A total of 47 volunteers aged 32-67 years (30 skin type I-V with leg telangiectasia and reticular veins, and 17 skin type I-IV with face telangiectasia and reticular periorbital veins) were treated with the Nd:YAG laser. For leg vein patients, two to three sets of different leg veins were treated with a maximum of three treatments. Patients were examined 1 week after each treatment and at 1, 2, and 3 months after the last treatment. All face vein patients received one treatment and were examined at 1 month post treatment. Treatment parameters for both leg and face veins varied with the size of vessels being treated. Pre and post treatment 35-mm photographs were taken. Improvement was judged by two experienced physicians both visually on patients and by comparison of pre and post treatment photos. Results were graded as percentage resolution, in five groups: 0%, 0-25%, 25-50%, 50-75% and 75-100%. RESULTS: In all, 23 of 30 patients completed the leg vein segment of the study. A total of 41 leg vein sites were treated. Greater than 75% improvement was observed at 85% of the treated sites; greater than 50% improvement was observed at 95% of the treated sites; less than 25% improvement was observed at 5% of the treated sites. In all, 17 of 17 patients completed the face vein segment of the study. A total of 32 sites were treated (24 on cheeks, nose, and chin telangiectasia and eight periorbital reticular veins). Greater than 75% improvement was observed at 97% of the treated sites; greater than 50% improvement was observed at 100% of the treated sites. Notably, 100% of the facial reticular veins treated had essentially 100% resolution. Pain during treatment was variably perceived by patients, but occasionally was sufficient for patients to decline further treatment. Transient hemosiderin pigmentation, as seen with sclerotherapy, was common with larger vessels. CONCLUSION: The cryogen spray-equipped 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser was remarkably effective and safe for skin type I-V patients. Excellent results for leg veins, approaching sclerotherapy outcomes, were obtained for both 0.3-1.5-mm telangiectasia and larger 1.5-3-mm reticular veins. Furthermore, this laser is also an outstanding tool for treatment of facial telangiectasia with little if any risk of purpura. For the first time it appears that there is a safe and effective treatment for 1-2-mm periorbital reticular veins. However, the use of topical anesthesia may be needed for some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Job stress and dissatisfaction in association with non-fatal injuries on the job in a cross-sectional sample of petrochemical workers.

This cross-sectional study analysed the frequency and severity of work stressors and job satisfaction at workplaces in relation to work-related non-fatal injuries amongst a sample of petrochemical workers in Taiwan. The study participants consisted of 568 cases injured on the job between 1991 and 1997, and 954 injury-free controls matched to cases on frequencies of age, sex and work site. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that cases were more likely than controls to report stressors with a higher frequency [odds ratio (OR) = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9-2.0] and a more severe reaction (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9-1.8). The dose-response analyses further indicated that the OR of injury was monotonically associated with stress reaction only (P for test for trend of ORs = 0.02). Job satisfaction, though, was unrelated to non-fatal injury. Although the cross-sectional nature of our study precludes a causal inference between stress reaction to stressors and risk of developing non-fatal injuries, our results tend to suggest that the severity of stress reaction is more associated with occupational non-fatal injury than is the frequency of stress or job dissatisfaction.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

The importance of anisotropy in modeling ST segment shift in subendocardial ischaemia.

In this paper, a simple mathematical model of a slab of cardiac tissue is presented in an attempt to better understand the relationship between subendocardial ischaemia and the resulting epicardial potential distributions. The cardiac tissue is represented by the bidomain model where tissue anisotropy and fiber rotation have been incorporated with a view to predicting the epicardial surface potential distribution. The source of electric potential in this steady-state problem is the difference between plateau potentials in normal and ischaemic tissue, where it is assumed that ischaemic tissue has a lower plateau potential. Simulations with tissue anisotropy and no fiber rotation are also considered. Simulations are performed for various thicknesses of the transition region between normal and ischaemic tissue and for various sizes of the ischaemic region. The simulated epicardial potential distributions, based on an anisotropic model of the cardiac tissue, show that there are large potential gradients above the border of the ischaemic region and that there are dips in the potential distribution above the region of ischaemia. It could be concluded from the simulations that it would be possible to predict the region of subendocardial ischaemia from the epicardial potential distribution, a conclusion contrary to observed experimental data. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. In the interests of mathematical simplicity, isotropic models of the cardiac tissue are also considered, but results from these simulations predict epicardial potential distributions vastly different from experimental observations. A major conclusion from this work is that tissue anisotropy and fiber rotation must be included to obtain meaningful and realistic epicardial potential distributions.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Cross-cultural validation of the McGill Quality of Life questionnaire in Hong Kong Chinese.

The main focus of palliative care services is to improve patients' quality of life (QOL). The potential value of assessment of QOL in palliative care is being increasingly recognized. The McGill Quality of Life questionnaire (MQOL) is designed specifically for palliative care patients, but its cross-cultural validity needs to be determined before it can be applied in populations of different cultures and ethnic groups. The cross-cultural validity of MQOL was investigated using a translated and modified version in Chinese--the MQOL-HK--in 462 palliative care patients in Hong Kong. Results show that the MQOL-HK is acceptable, valid and reliable. There is good acceptability, construct validity, convergent and divergent validity, test-retest and inter-rater reliability. Our study confirms that QOL does have cross-culturally robust constructs. Principal components analysis shows that the domains of physical, psychological, existential and support are all relevant and applicable in Chinese culture. Multiple regression analysis reveals that existential domain is the most important domain in predicting overall QOL. 'Face', eating and sex are additional facets of QOL that also need to be considered. The worst physical symptom on admission is the item of QOL with the lowest score, which need more care and attention by palliative care workers. A cross-culturally validated QOL instrument cannot just help ensure an accurate evaluation of profile, determinants, and changes of QOL, but is also a valuable asset for future comparison and evaluation of palliative care services and interventions across the world.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Reference intervals for thyroid hormones in pregnant Chinese women.

OBJECTIVE: To establish gestation-related reference intervals for thyroid hormones in a Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study with 343 healthy pregnant women (5-41 weeks) and 63 non-pregnant controls. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) (and human chorionic gonadotrophin) were measured by immunoassays. The median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles at 4-week intervals were calculated. Data were also analysed for significant trends using ANOVA. RESULTS: Free T3 decreased during pregnancy, whereas free T4 initially increased, peaking between 9-13 weeks and then decreased, the decline becoming significant by week 21. TSH mirrored changes in free T4. CONCLUSION: The gestation-related reference intervals for thyroid hormones should alleviate the misinterpretation of thyroid function in pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Bone marrow stromal cell distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor in chronic myeloid disorders.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a multifunctional cytokine that exerts positive regulation in hematopoiesis and that may also have a role in myelofibrosis and angiogenesis. We used bone marrow immunohistochemical stains to obtain additional insight into the cellular distribution of bFGF in both chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPD) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). DESIGN AND METHODS: Bone marrow immunohistochemical stains were used to evaluate the cellular distribution of bFGF in 29 patients with CMPD, 31 patients with MDS, and 5 normal controls. RESULTS: The density of bFGF-expressing stromal cells was markedly increased in 74% of the patients with MDS, compared with in only 3% of those with CMPD. In contrast, the density was markedly decreased in 62% of the patients with CMPD (versus 6% in MDS). The staining pattern in normal controls was similar to that in patients with MDS. The presence or absence of associated bone marrow fibrosis did not influence the particular pattern of bFGF expression in either MDS or CMPD. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that bone marrow stromal cell bFGF expression in patients with CMPD is abnormally decreased and that the particular staining pattern may complement the morphologic distinction between CMPD and MDS.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Are thyroid hormones or hCG responsible for hyperemesis gravidarum? A matched paired study in pregnant Chinese women.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative importance of thyroid hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin in the etiology of hyperemesis gravidarum. DESIGN: A prospective study comparing the hormonal status in women with hyperemesis gravidarum (5-18 weeks), with healthy pregnant controls, matched for gestational age. Sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine and total beta human chorionic gonadotropin were measured by immunoassays. The hormone results for hyperemesis gravidarum group (n=58) were compared with pregnant control women (n=58) using the Mann Whitney test. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which variables were significantly associated with hyperemesis gravidarum and to estimate the probability of each woman having hyperemesis gravidarum. The strength of the resulting association was tested by generating a receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting hyperemesis gravidarum using these probabilities. RESULTS: Maternal age and all hormones were significantly different between the hyperemetic and control groups. However, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only maternal age, free thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone were significant independent variables. The area beneath the receiver operating characteristic curve for prediction of hyperemesis gravidarum was 0.84. CONCLUSION: Human chorionic gonadotropin is not independently involved in the etiology of hyperemesis gravidarum but may be indirectly involved by its ability to stimulate the thyroid. Differences in maternal age and thyroid function are highly discriminatory with regard to hyperemesis gravidarum.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: case report.

In 1990, Yannuzzi et al. introduced a new clinical entity, "idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy" (IPCV). There is now a more-widespread worldwide recognition of a higher prevalence and importance of this disorder. We report on the first case of IPCV in Taiwan to our knowledge. A 63-year-old Taiwanese man complained of blurred vision in his right eye for 6 months. The anterior segment and vitreous were normal except for mild nuclear cataract changes. Fundus examination of the right eye showed hard exudates and multiple reddish-orange subretinal lesions in the macula. Fundus examination of the left eye was normal. Fluorescein angiography of the right eye showed multiple hyperfluorescent granular lesions in the macula. Subretinal leakage and pooling of fluorescein were present in the temporal macula. Indocyanine green angiography disclosed multiple aneurysmal dilations at the terminals of branching vascular networks. A hyperfluorescent aneurysmal lesion corresponding to the reddish-orange nodule was observed ophthalmoscopically, and a granular lesion was observed in fluorescein angiography. Focal retinal photocoagulation was applied to the leakage area identified with fluorescein angiography. Two months after photocoagulation was performed, the subretinal fluid had gradually resolved, but a new leakage in the macula was demonstrated with fluorescein angiography. His best corrected vision in the right eye was stable.

Choroid Diseases↗