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Biomedical subjects

C Y Cho

Publications and source records attributed to C Y Cho.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The distribution of zinc and copper in plasma, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

1. The zinc and copper concentration of plasma was determined in rainbow trout, lake trout, walleye and whitefish. 2. These fish had mean plasma zinc concentrations ranging from 9.3 to 15.1 ppm and copper concentrations from 0.6 to 1.3 ppm. 3. In rainbow trout, the concentration of zinc and copper is greater in the erythrocyte membrane than in the total erythrocyte. 4. Ultrafilterable plasma zinc and copper concentration in rainbow trout was determined to be 0.03 and 0.019 ppm, respectively. 5. Dialysis of rainbow trout plasma against 20 mM EDTA results in removal of 99% of the zinc and 88% of the copper from plasma proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Relative biopotency of dietary ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol and the role of and requirement for vitamin D in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

A growth assay was conducted for six consecutive 28-day periods by using triplicate groups of 110 rainbow trout with an average initial body weight of 3.0 g. Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2 or D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3 or D3) were included to provide levels of 200, 400 and 800 iu/kg in a semipurified casein, gelatin diet. Further treatments with 0 vitamin D and 1600 IU/kg of D3 were also included. The resulting growth curves were significant for parallelism. Statistical analysis showed that D3 was 3.27 times as potent as D2 (limits 2.33 to 4.58). The dietary requirement for D3 was found to be in excess of 800 iu/kg of diet. Vitamin D-deficient fish showed no change in bone ash but exhibited clinical manifestations of tetany with no hypocalcemia. A complete absence of tetany was seen only in the groups fed 800 and 1600 IU of D3 per kilogram. None of the levels of D2 used were sufficient to completely alleviate symptoms of this disorder. These studies of rainbow trout provide evidence that vitamin D is required for the normal functioning of white muscle without altering the calcium content of the plasma or epaxial musculature.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The biological activity of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25--dihydroxycholecalciferol for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

Dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] showed vitamin D activity in rainbow trout. However, inclusion of dietary cholecalciferol (vitamin D3 or D3), ergocalciferol (vitamin D2 or D2), 25-OH-D3 or 1,25-(OH)2D3 did not result in the presence of detectable levels of vitamin D or 25-OH-D in the blood plasma of the fish. Fish fed the diet devoid of vitamin D over an extended period of time showed symptoms of a droopy-tail or "lordosis-like" syndrome that appeared to be related to muscle weakness since x-ray examination indicated no abnormality in vertebral development. The requirement for vitamin D as cholecalciferol was in excess of 1600 IU/kg diet and may be as high as, or higher than 2400 IU/kg diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of oxidized fish oil, DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and ethoxyquin supplementation on the vitamin E nutrition of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed practical diets.

A factorial experiment was conducted using two degrees of oxidation of the 7.5% supplemental fish oil (peroxide values of 5 and 120 meq/kg oil), two levels of supplemental DL-apha-tocopheryl acetate (0 and 33 mg/kg diet) and two levels of ethoxyquin (0 and 125 mg/kg diet) supplementation. Dietary thiobarbituric acid number, weight percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-three fatty acids in the total fatty acids were significantly (P less than 0.05) different between diets with fresh and highly oxidized oil. Dietary RRR-alpha-tocopherol was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by the addition of highly oxidized oil after 24 weeks storage of the feed while supplemental DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate level was not changed. Fish fed the various diets showed no differences in growth, feed:gain ratio, carcass composition or plasma glutathione peroxidase activity. The mortality, percent red cells hemolyzed by hydrogen peroxide, plasma and liver RRR-alpha-tocopherol concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by the addition of highly oxidized oil or DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate but not by ethoxyquin except that mortality was reduced by supplementary ethoxyquin. The results of this study suggested that no vitamin E or ethoxyquin supplementation was needed to prevent a deficiency of vitamin E in rainbow trout fed a practical diet containing 7.5% of a good quality herring oil for 24 weeks.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

Influence of dietary biotin level on growth, metabolism and pathology of rainbow trout.

Supplementation of a dry diet containing herring and soybean meals with D biotin had no effect on the feed comsumption, growth or mortality of rainbow trout in a 28 week experiment. In a second experiment two series of diets were used: practical, based upon herring and soybean meals, and purified, based upon casein and gelatin. The basal levels of biotin in the two series of diets were: 0.51 and 0 mg/kg, respectively. There were four treatment groups in each of the two diet series: the practical diets were either supplemented with 0.5 mg D biotin/kg or 10% of either raw or heated egg white was added to the diet. The purified diets were supplemented with graded levels of D biotin (0, 0.25 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg). Raw egg white (1%) was added to the biotin unsupplemented diet. Feeding these diets to rainbow trout for 24 weeks showed that both the practical diet containing egg white, and the unsupplemented, purified diet were biotin deficient, all the other diets contained adequate amounts of biotin to support growth and prevent mortality. Neither supplementation of the practical diet nor adding more than 0.25 mg D biotin/kg to the purified diet resulted in any improvement in growth however the biotin levels in the livers were greater for the fish which had received the higher levels of dietary biotin, but these increased levels of biotin did not influence the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase. The biotin deficient fish were anorexic, and exhibited degeneration of the gills: shortening and thickening of the lamellae and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the heterogenous epithelial cells of the lamellae.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1976

Influence of level and type of dietary protein, and of level of feeding on feed utilization by rainbow trout.

In the first experiment, diets with 40%, 50% and 60% protein containing herring and soybean meals, and diets with 50% and 60% protein containing herring and soybean protein concentrates were fed at 100%, 85% and 70% of the ad libitum intake. Both increasing the protein level and using the concentrated protein sources resulted in lower gains, and in increases in the amounts of digestible protein and energy consumed for the deposition of protein and energy in the fish carcasses. This difference between the herring and soybean meals, and protein concentrates was not due to differences between their digestibilities. Restriction of feed intake reduced gain, but within these lower levels of gain, the 50% and 60% protein diets have higher final body weights than the 40% protein diet. Restriction of feed intake resulted in carcasses with higher protein and lower fat contents. In the second experiment, two series of diets containing either 40%, 35%, 30% or 25% protein from both herring and soybean meals, or 35%, 30% and 25% protein from herring meal were fed. Reducing the protein level below 40% resulted in lower final body weights, higher feed: gain ratios and carcasses with more protein and less fat. Comparisons of the isonitrogenous pairs of diets showed no differences in final body weights, feed: gain ratios and carcass composition. Reducing the protein level in the diet reduced the amount of protein consumed per unit protein level in the diet reduced the amount of protein consumed per unit protein deposition, but increased the amount of gross energy per unit energy deposited in the carcass.

Amino Acids, Essential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rectal leiomyosarcoma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography.

A 67 year-old man was admitted to the Tainan Municipal Hospital due to a protruding mass, usually noted during defecation. Digital examination revealed a single, smooth, large mass over the rectum, occupying almost the entire lumen. Colonoscopy, barium enema, and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a submucosal tumor of the rectum. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) study showed that the tumor originated from the muscle layer. Based on the size, margin and echogenicity of the mass, a malignant neoplasm, probably leiomyosarcoma, was diagnosed. Post-operative histologic examination confirmed that the resected tumor was leiomyosarcoma. Existing ancillary procedures like colonoscopy, abdominal CT, magnetic resonance image (MRI), and barium enema are neither reliable nor accurate in locating which layer the lesion originates. Colonoscopic biopsy is disappointing since submucosal tumor is usually inaccessible. EUS study can provide us with a more distinct image with regards to tumor origin, size, margin and echogenicity. This report emphasizes the important role of EUS in the pre-operative diagnosis of submucosal tumors of the rectum. Furthermore, this tool can aid the surgeons whether wide excision or an abdomino-perineal resection should be performed.

Aged↗