Biomedical subjects
C Williamson
Publications and source records attributed to C Williamson.
[Letter: Acute neonatal leucinosis].
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Chromosome studies in a neonatal population.
The results of chromosome studies on 6809 consecutive newborn infants are presented. One hundred and one (1.48%) were heterozygous for a marker chromosome, the significance of which is not at present clear. Twenty-two infants (0.32%) had a major chromosome abnormality. Only six of these infants (0.09%) had a clinically recognizable abnormal phenotype (Down's syndrome). The occult chromosome abnormalities included five sex chromosome abnormalities (one 47,XYY; two 47,XXY; two 47,XXX) and 11 balanced translocations. Seven of these were t(DqDq) and four were reciprocal translocations. The results of the present survey are combined with four other similar neonatal surveys in which a total of 23,328 newborns have been screened. Of these, 117 (0.5%; range 0.65-0.32%) had major chromosome abnormalities. The majority of these (72.7%) would not have been detected at birth without chromosome studies, an important fact in the context of prenatal diagnosis of chromosome disease and the early ascertainment of high-risk families.
Meningitis due to Hemophilus influenzae: long-term sequelae.
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Analysis of GAPDH as a standard for gene expression quantification in human placenta.
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Docosahexaenoic, arachidonic, palmitic, and oleic acids are differentially esterified into phospholipids of frog retina.
Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) is highly enriched in the retina. To determine if retinal cells take up and metabolize fatty acids in a specific manner, retinas from Rana pipiens were incubated for 3 h with an equimolar mixture of tritiated 22:6n-3, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), palmitic acid, and oleic acid. The radiolabeling of retinal lipids was determined and compared to the endogenous fatty acid content of the lipids. The results showed that in most, but not all, cases, the relative labeling with the four precursor fatty acids was similar to their relative abundance in each glycerolipid. Thus, during retinal glycerolipid synthesis, either through de novo or acyl exchange reactions, fatty acids are incorporated in proportions reflecting their steady-state mass levels. Since other studies with labeled glycerol have shown greater differences between early labeling patterns and molecular species mass, the final incorporation we report may be due primarily to acyl exchange reactions.
Fibromuscular dysplasia of the posterior auricular artery: an unusual aneurysmal lesion.
A 67-year-old patient was admitted to hospital with a pulsatile mass behind his left ear. The clinical diagnosis was a posterior auricular artery aneurysm, and this was confirmed on Digital Subtraction Angiography. The aneurysm was excised and sent for pathology. The findings were felt to be consistent with fibromuscular dysplasia. This appears to be only the second reported case in the literature of a posterior auricular artery aneurysm.
Etiology and management of aorto-femoral bypass graft failure.
Over a nine-year period 1973 to 1982, 364 aorto-bifemoral bypass grafts were inserted for aorto-iliac occlusive disease and 45 graft failures were encountered. Twelve patients developed acute graft occlusion, occurring less than 30 days postoperatively (Group I). These failures were almost all due to technical problems, the most common cause was elevation of an intimal flap following local endarterectomy. Five patients (Group II) developed recurrent symptoms without actual thrombosis or occlusion of the graft, but were associated with neointimal hyperplasia at the distal anastomosis and evidence of distal atherosclerosis. Twenty-eight patients were late failures (Group III). These patients thrombosed their grafts more than 30 days postoperatively. Four patients thrombosed both limbs of the graft at separate intervals. Nineteen patients were found to have progressive atherosclerosis affecting their run-off vessels. Six patients were found to have stenosis limited to the distal anastomosis. False aneurysm, kinking of the graft, and proximal suture line stenosis were felt to be determining factors in 3 other incidences of graft failure. The most common treatment in Group I was thrombectomy and securing of the raised intimal flap. The patients in Group II were treated with local endarterectomy and patch angioplasty. Of the patients in Group III, the most common inflow procedure was thrombectomy, carried out in 17 cases. In Group III, 13 of 28 patients underwent profundaplasty to improve outflow. The importance of pre and postoperative angiography in defining the etiology of graft failure is stressed. It is important to rule out problems with the proximal anastomosis. Once inflow has been established, angiography should ensure that an adequate outflow procedure has been performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The activity of N-(hydroxymethyl) melamines in fresh human ovarian tumour cells and xenografts.
Trimelamol (TM) was developed as a water soluble analogue of the oral chemotherapeutic agent hexamethyl-melamine (HMM), to be administered i.v., in an effort to avoid dose limiting emesis. Because of formulation difficulties due to its inherent instability the development of TM was halted. In vivo studies using a human ovarian cancer xenograft model PXN/65 showed TM to be curative in the dose range of 15-60 mg/kg i.p. daily x 5, for 4 weeks. Conversely, HMM given at the highest dose (60 mg/kg i.p., or 90 mg/kg p.o.) indicated only very modest tumour growth delays. In vitro chemosensitivity testing using primary ovarian tumour cultures showed that in 12/23 cases indicating reduced sensitivity to cisplatin or carboplatin, sensitivity to TM was increased. TM was curative in the carboplatin-resistant HX 110P human ovarian cancer xenograft and promising activity was seen in the MX-1 human breast cancer xenograft. In spite of enhanced stability in aqueous solution and good in vitro cytotoxicity, the TM analogues CB 7669 (triscyanomethyl) and CB 7639 (tristrifluoroethyl) showed disappointing in vivo antitumour activity which may be explained by the need for prolonged exposure. TM analogues with intermediate stability are currently under development in an effort to further the clinical development of this promising group of antitumour agents.
Liver disease in pregnancy.
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