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Biomedical subjects

C Wilkinson

Publications and source records attributed to C Wilkinson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Abnormal cervical smear test results: old dilemmas and new directions.

Primary care professionals play a major role in the cervical screening programme in the United Kingdom, especially since the new contract for general practitioners. Many aspects of the programme are still the subject of broad debate and detailed research. New policies regarding the programme are generated at various levels; feedback is not always made directly available to primary care teams. This review article attempts to summarize the current available literature on cervical screening, focusing on the meaning of minor degrees of dysplasia, cervical cancer in younger women, the role of the wart virus, frequency of smear tests, diagnosis and treatment, counselling, and concludes with practical advice to help the practice team.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Postoperative joint replacement pain: description and opioid requirement.

The present research was designed to describe the character, severity, and factors associated with postoperative pain following total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) surgery, and to identify amounts of opioid required to relieve that pain. It was the investigators' intention to investigate the impact of age on severity of pain and amount of opioid required after surgery. Complete data were obtained on 29 white subjects, 16 of whom were men. Subjects' ages ranged from 27 to 88 years (mean, 66). The mean age for the men was 61 years and the mean age for the women was 72 years. Twelve subjects underwent THR and 17 underwent TKR. Eight patients received general anesthesia and 21 received spinal anesthesia. Pain was described using the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form and quantified using a visual analogue scale. Amount of opioid required to relieve pain over 24 hours was recorded using a patient-controlled analgesia pump. Data analysis indicated that most patients do not report their pain as being controlled when discharged from the PACU, and that patients who receive spinal anesthesia require more postoperative opioid to control pain than patients who receive general anesthesia. In general, patients who undergo TKR experience more pain than patients who undergo THR. Pain was described as moderate to severe aching. As age increases, patients self-administer less postoperative opioid, but they do not report less postoperative pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Motivation and addiction behaviour: a psychological perspective.

In this paper traditional ideas about motivation and the addiction behaviours are critically considered. It is proposed that rather than viewing motivation as a static quality that clients either have or have not, motivation is more usefully perceived as the balance between the costs and benefits of undertaking any behaviour, juxtaposed with the costs and benefits of ceasing the behaviour. It is also proposed that confrontation approaches, rather than inducing motivation, actually increase the client's resistance. Motivational interventions therefore need to be based on a client-generated inventory of problems and concerns rather than a therapist-dictated one. A decision-making framework for motivational intervention is emphasized and the effectiveness of motivational strategies based on this paradigm is considered.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Filtering effects in reporting work injuries.

Research efforts in the field of occupational injuries have been hampered by difficulties in ascertaining true prevalence rates. Lack of accuracy in reporting and documentation of work injuries leads to loss of information and lack of comparability of work injury statistics. The paper explores some of the factors related to loss of information about work injuries and proposes a descriptive model of the information processing system. The Filter Model describes the way in which information about a given injury proceeds through a series of levels, from true prevalence of injuries in the workplace, to prevalence as indicated by national aggregate statistics. Between each level is a "filter" or barrier that is selectively permeable, ensuring that information about some, but not all, injuries will pass through to the next level. Consequently, the type of work injury data collected at each level will differ. The Filter Model can aid in choice of appropriate level of data for research purposes, and provides a framework for investigation into the nature and extent of filtering processes within work injury reporting systems.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

Managing drug use.

This study of Class A drug users in Nottingham identifies a local drug economy with specific demand and supply characteristics. With reference to demand, data are presented on users' purchasing power and purchasing behaviour, including drug re-sales and the use of credit. Crude elasticity relationships are discussed. The analysis of the supply side includes an examination of the dealing system and pricing methods. Following the integration of these two themes by way of summary the paper concludes with a discussion of the implication of its findings for public policy aimed at managing drug use.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Class A drug users: prevalence and characteristics in greater Nottingham.

This paper reports on the prevalence of known Class A drug use in Greater Nottingham, a large urbanized area with a population of 472,285 in 1981. Use of a multi-agency enumeration technique identified only 170 users during 1985-86, giving an annual prevalence of 0.45 per 1000 of the adult population. The rates for opioid use and injected amphetamine use were 0.27 and 0.14 per 1000. Geographical analysis of the intra-urban residential distributions of the drug users identified statistically significant variations with the greatest concentrations occurring in the inner city residential areas, in neighbourhoods fringing major suburban shopping centres, and several council estates. Ecological analysis established statistically significant links between drug use and multiple deprivation, adult unemployment and crime.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Is the treatment of scabies hazardous?

Treatment for scabies is usually initiated by general practitioners; most consider lindane (gamma benzene hexachloride) the treatment of choice. Lindane is also widely used as an agricultural and industrial pesticide, and as a result the toxic profile of this insecticide is well understood. Evidence is accumulating that lindane can be toxic to the central nervous system and may be associated with aplastic anaemia. Preparations containing lindane continue to be sold over the counter and may represent a hazard to poorly informed patients. This literature review suggests that general practitioners should prescribe scabicides with increased caution for certain at-risk groups, and give adequate warnings regarding potential toxicity.

Anemia, Aplastic↗