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Biomedical subjects

C White

Publications and source records attributed to C White.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Rotational ablation assisted angioplasty of an obstructed aortopulmonary collateral artery.

A 15 month old baby girl with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and multiple aortopulmonary collateral arteries underwent rotational ablation assisted balloon angioplasty of a severely stenosed collateral artery that had previously proved undilatable using a high pressure non-compliant balloon angioplasty catheter. It is postulated that the rotablation debulked a fibrotic stricture within the artery to facilitate effective balloon dilatation. Rotational ablation assisted angioplasty may have a role to play in congenital stenotic lesions that are "undilatable".

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1998

Repair of a root resorption lesion. A case report.

An extensive root surface lesion that presented both supra- and subgingival components was successfully treated with the use of glass ionomer cement to restore the lesion, and facilitate subsequent endodontic therapy and restoration. A coronally-positioned flap covered the repaired/restored lesion, approximately 6 mm x 10 mm in dimension. At 6 months following placement of the restoration, all but 1 mm of the restoration appeared covered, with probing depths <3 mm and no clinical signs of inflammation. Glass ionomer cement appears to be a viable, biocompatible material to restore subgingival root surface lesions.

Cuspid↗
PubMed1997

Responses of consecutive patients to reassurance after gastroscopy: results of self administered questionnaire survey.

OBJECTIVE: To study the time course and prediction of responses to reassurance after gastroscopy showing no serious illness. DESIGN: Selection of consecutive patients were assessed before gastroscopy, immediately after reassurance, and at follow up at 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year. Responses of subgroups of patients identified as high, medium, and low health anxiety by the health anxiety questionnaire were analysed. SETTING: Endoscopy clinic in a general hospital. INTERVENTION: Oral reassurance that there was "nothing seriously wrong." SUBJECTS: One consultant physician and 60 patients aged 18-74 referred for gastroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physician's and patients' ratings of the extent of the reassurance and patients' ratings of their anxiety about their health and of their illness belief. RESULTS: There was good agreement between the patients and the physician about whether reassurance had been given. Health anxiety and illness belief decreased markedly after reassurance. Patients with high health anxiety showed a significant resurgence in their worry and illness belief at 24 hours and 1 week, and these levels were maintained at 1 months and 1 year later. Patients with medium levels of health anxiety showed a reduction in worry and illness belief after reassurance, and this was generally maintained during follow up. Patients with low health anxiety maintained low levels of health worry and illness belief throughout the study. Partial correlation analyses showed that the levels of worry and illness belief after reassurance were predicted by the health anxiety questionnaire. This measure also had predictive value beyond that of a measure of general anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Medical reassurance results in a reduction of worry about health and of illness belief, but this may be very short term. Measurable individual differences in health anxiety can be used to predict the response to reassurance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery, acute myocardial infarction, and near-sudden cardiac death.

A 46-year-old female presented with an acute myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest. Coronary angiography revealed an anomalous origin of the right coronary artery coursing between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the life-threatening nature of this anomaly and led to referral for surgical revascularization.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1997

Effect of gender on outcomes following renal artery stent placement for renovascular hypertension.

To study the effect of gender on outcome following renal artery stent placement for renovascular hypertension, we prospectIvely followed 66 patients (30 males, 36 females) who underwent Palmaz stent placement in 89 renal arteries. There was no difference in the incidence of procedure-related complications between males and females. At 6-mo follow-up, the decrease in systolic (35 +/- 30 mm Hg and 27 +/- 25 mm Hg) and diastolic (15 +/- 23 mm Hg and 14 +/- 14 mm Hg) blood pressures was similar in female and male patients, respectIvely. Late follow-up at 19 +/- 11 mo also showed no difference in blood pressure response. In 44 patients who underwent repeat angiography at a mean duration of 9.1 +/- 5.6 mo after stent deployment, the incidence of restenosis was 26% in females and 24% in males (P = 0.85). We conclude that gender has no effect on the incidence of complications, blood pressure response, or angiographic restenosis in patients undergoing renal artery stent placement.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Laparoscopic fundoplication to enhance pulmonary function in children with severe reactive airway disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between severe reactive airway disease (RAD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been noted but the relationship is poorly understood. This study reports our experience with laparoscopic fundoplication and its effect on the pulmonary status of children with severe steroid-dependent reactive airway disease. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with severe steroid-dependent RAD and medically refractory GERD underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplications. Mean age was 7 years and mean weight was 20 kg. All patients had the procedure completed successfully laparoscopically with an average operative time of 62 min. Average hospital stay was 1.6 days. RESULTS: Forty-eight of 56 patients noted significant improvement in their respiratory symptoms in the first week. Fifty of 56 patients have been weaned off their oral steroids and four others have had a greater than 50% decrease in their dose. Sixteen patients had a documented increase in their FEV1 in the initial postoperative period (avg. 26%). CONCLUSION: Patients with steroid-dependent RAD and GERD refractory to medical management show improvement in their respiratory status following fundoplication and the majority can be weaned off of their oral steroids. Laparoscopic techniques allow this procedure to be performed safely even in this high-risk group of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The effects of cryopreservation on the morphometric dimensions of caprine sperm heads.

Cryopreserved semen has been utilised in the artificial insemination of livestock species for over 40 years, even though the detrimental effects of cryopreservation on sperm function and fertility are well documented. In the present study, computer-automated sperm-head morphometry was used to determine if goat sperm-head morphometry was affected by freezing and thawing. A microscope slide was prepared from single semen samples, collected by artificial vagina, from 10 sexually active Saanen bucks. The remainder of each sample was frozen in a tris-citrate-yolk extender. After thawing, semen smears were prepared on microscope slides. All slides were stained in haematoxylin and mean sperm-head measurements of length, width, width/length, area and perimeter were determined for each slide by computer aided sperm morphometry analysis. The effects of sperm freezing on sperm-head dimensions within and among all bucks were determined. No significant (P > 0.10) freezing effect was found between fresh semen and postthaw samples for length (7.00 microns vs 7.13 microns), width (3.77 microns vs 3.87 microns), width/length (0.54 micron vs 0.54 micron), area (19.67 microns2 vs 20.57 microns2) and perimeter (18.62 microns vs 18.83 microns) when analysed across all bucks. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were however found within three bucks for area, perimeter, length and width, with the percentage increase in measurements being significantly greater than in the remaining bucks. The variability of the morphometric dimensions were not affected by freezing. The results indicate that semen freezing did not affect the overall dimensions of sperm heads across the entire population of bucks sampled. However, since sperm-head dimensions from three bucks were affected, changes in sperm-head morphometry may be indicative of spermatozoa of the semen from individuals to successfully freeze. Because the overall mean sperm-head dimensions acquired from frozen/thawed semen were not different from those of fresh semen, previously reported measurements of goat sperm heads are probably reflective of fresh semen. More importantly, retrospective studies of sperm-head morphometry and fertility may now be performed utilising extensive breeding records from frozen semen.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The incidence of post-vasectomy chronic testicular pain and the role of nerve stripping (denervation) of the spermatic cord in its management.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of chronic postvasectomy testicular pain (CPTP) and evaluate the use of denervation of the spermatic cord in its management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective postal survey of 560 patients (mean age 36 years, range 25-55; mean time since vasectomy 19 months, range 8-39) who underwent vasectomy between July 1992 and December 1994 was carried out to determine the incidence of CPTP. A prospective study was conducted in a further group of 17 patients (mean age 43 years, range 34-60), who had had CPTP for at least one year, to evaluate the effectiveness of nerve stripping of the spermatic cord in relieving pain. RESULTS: Of 396 replies, 108 (27.2%) patients complained of some testicular pain following their vasectomy operation. In 88 (82%) of these 108 patients the pain was brief and was not defined as CPTP, while 20 (19%) patients had pain for > 3 months; 33 (31%) patients required analgesics to control the pain. Of the 17 patients who underwent spermatic cord denervation, 13 reported complete relief of pain at their first follow-up visit and were discharged. Four patients had a significant improvement in the symptom score and were satisfied with the results. CONCLUSIONS: There is a small but significant incidence of CPTP and patients should be warned of this possibility when counselled before operation. Denervation of the spermatic cord seems to be a viable surgical option for patients with CPTP who fail to respond to conservative measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of a one-year physical activity intervention for older adults at congregate nutrition sites.

The effects of a physical activity intervention on strength, balance, motor coordination, and mobility were tested in a quasi-experiment at rural congregate nutrition sites. Twice-weekly sessions of low intensity movements were conducted for one year. Logistic regression results showed significant differences between intervention (n = 61) and comparison (n = 49) groups on several performance-based measures. Intervention subjects perceived significantly greater improvements in physical functioning over the previous year than did comparison subjects. A qualitative evaluation revealed perceived program benefits of pain reduction, increased flexibility, muscle strengthening, increased walking speed, and improved mental outlook.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Microbial solubilization and immobilization of toxic metals: key biogeochemical processes for treatment of contamination.

Microorganisms play important roles in the environmental fate of toxic metals with a multiplicity of physico-chemical and biological mechanisms effecting transformations between soluble and insoluble phases. Such mechanisms are important components of natural biogeochemical cycles for metals and metalloids with some processes being of potential application to the treatment of contaminated materials. This paper will concentrate on three selected aspects which illustrate the key importance of microorganisms in effecting changes in metal(loid) solubility, namely toxic metal sulfide precipitation by sulfate-reducing bacteria, heterotrophic leaching by fungi, and microbial transformations of metalloids, which includes reduction and methylation. The basic microbiology of these processes is described as well as their environmental significance and use in bioremediation.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1997

Combining reconstructive and regenerative therapies.

The authors used combined reconstructive and regenerative therapy to treat a patient who had a surgically created osseous defect that also was associated with a perforated root canal. The defect involved a maxillary canine that exhibited 10 millimeters of attachment loss on its mesial surface. Tetracycline root surface conditioning, glass ionomer cement, a decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft and an expanded-polytetrafluorethylene membrane were used to achieve a 7- to 8-mm gain in clinical attachment level two years after the initial surgery. This case illustrates the use of glass ionomer cement, in conjunction with regenerative therapy, to effectively treat a root perforation adjacent to a periodontal osseous defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of reading motivation on the belief in and consumption of newspapers among youth.

A motivational model of newspaper consumption was elaborated. In this model, reading motives are supposed to generate certain beliefs in newspapers. The belief in the satisfying properties of a newspaper is based on an evaluation of how well the attributes of a newspaper are expected to match the motives of individuals. Once a match between the motives and the belief is established, then motivation is triggered, and newspaper consumption should occur. We tested the model with the hypotheses that reading motives explain belief in newspapers to a greater extent than the consumption of them and that beliefs explain consumption to a greater extent than reading motives. Reading motives, beliefs and consumption of general broadsheet, business and tabloid newspapers were measured in 1343 young people between the ages of 15 and 25. The results supported the hypotheses. The results indicate that the profiling and development of the newspapers toward more loyal and new readers should be based on the readers' beliefs in newspapers and the motives explaining them.

Adolescent↗