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Biomedical subjects

C Webb

Publications and source records attributed to C Webb.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Variations in DNA methylation during mouse cell differentiation in vivo and in vitro.

Mouse teratocarcinoma cells induced to differentiate in vitro undergo a massive (30%) demethylation of DNA. A similar undermethylation is also observed in the mouse extraembryonic membranes, the yolk sac and placenta. In both cases, the decrease in methyl moieties occurs at a large number of CpG sites spread out over the entire genome, as indicated by a restriction enzyme analysis of several mouse genes including dhfr, beta-major globin, and the H-2K gene family. In contrast to this, the embryo itself appears to undergo methylation de novo during early stages of embryogenesis. Thus, as opposed to somatic cells, events during early mouse development are associated with wide variations in the level of DNA methylation. Although these changes in DNA methylation seem to be an integral part of the differentiation process, its relation to specific gene expression is still unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Feminist methodology in nursing research.

In this paper the author discusses her experiences as a feminist, nurse and sociologist carrying out a study of hysterectomy. Difficulties in setting up the research, carrying out interviews and publishing reports result from masculine models of sociological research and from the fact that nursing work, including research, is carried out in a context of medical domination. These experiences are analysed in terms of feminist research methodology in sociology, and it is argued that in the case of nursing and women's health a feminist perspective offers opportunities for mutual consciousness-raising and for working together to challenge male medical control over these aspects of women's lives.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Assessment of left ventricular contractile state after anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries.

When compared with intra-atrial baffle repairs for D-transposition of the great arteries (TGA), anatomic correction offers the theoretic advantage that it results in the use of the left ventricle (LV) as the systemic ventricle. Although the long-term success of this procedure depends on the function of the LV, little is known regarding LV postoperative contractile state. The LV end-systolic pressure-dimension and wall stress-shortening (% delta D) relationships, sensitive indexes of contractility, were studied during methoxamine-induced increases in afterload in eight patients with TGA and intact ventricular septa and in four patients with TGA and associated lesions. The patients with TGA and intact ventricular septa underwent pulmonary artery banding when they were between the ages 0.1 and 1.1 years (mean 0.4) to prepare the LV for anatomic correction. Age at repair ranged from 0.3 to 1.8 years (mean 1.0) and that at study from 1.7 to 6.7 years (mean 3.3). The interval from correction to study was 0.4 to 4.8 years (mean 2.3). End-systolic pressure was estimated from a calibrated suprasternal notch tracing. End-systolic dimension, wall thickness, and % delta D were determined by M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, and end-systolic wall stress was then calculated. Results were compared with previously reported normal values. The pressure-dimension and wall stress-% delta D relationships were normal in 10 of 12 TGA patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1983

Self-concept, social support and hysterectomy.

This paper reports on part of a larger study financed by the DHSS and concerned with describing recovery from hysterectomy and evaluating an experimental counselling session aimed at helping women to plan and manage their own recovery. The effect of the operation on the woman's self-concept and the possible role of social support in the recovery process are the principal foci. Contrary to findings in much previous research, women in this study showed no evidence of adverse changes in self-concept, depression levels were reduced after operation, and the majority of women were glad to have had a hysterectomy. Low levels of support from partner, family and friends were associated with poorer outcome on some of the indicators used, and possible explanations for this are considered.

Depression↗
PubMed1983

Hysterectomy: a study in coping with recovery.

This article reports on part of a descriptive study of recovery from hysterectomy which was set within a cognitive-phenomenological theory of coping. Women's pessimistic beliefs in old wives' tales and the possible effects of hysterectomy were modified as they experienced operation and recovery. The majority made a good recovery in health and activity terms, and according to their own assessments. However information provided by staff and social support from partners, families and friends were low in quality and quantity, and the data includes some evidence that lack of support may have interfered with progress after hysterectomy. Implications of the study for nursing practice and research are discussed in conclusion.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Enhanced metabolism of mexiletine after phenytoin administration.

1 Unexpectedly low plasma concentrations of mexiletine were observed in three patients treated with mexiletine and concurrently taking phenytoin. 2 Six healthy volunteers were given a single oral dose of mexiletine (400 mg), before and after 1 week of phenytoin administration (300 mg/day). 3 The mean +/- s.d. area under the plasma mexiletine concentration-time curve decreased from 17.67 +/- 6.21 to 8.01 +/- 3.64 micrograms ml-1 h (P less than 0.003). 4 The mean +/- s.d. half-life of elimination of mexiletine decreased from 17.2 +/- 5.26 to 8.4 +/- 4.17 h (P less than 0.02) 5 The suggested mechanism of the interaction is hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzyme induction by phenytoin. 6 The interaction is likely to be clinically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Classification and framing: a sociological analysis of task-centred nursing and the nursing process.

Sections of the British nursing profession have recently become interested in the nursing process as a means of providing better patient care and increased job satisfaction for nurses. Bernstein's code theory is used in this article to analyse theoretically the change from a task-oriented to a patient-oriented mode of organization of nursing care, and to suggest hypotheses regarding the possible effects of the change. The new mode is analysed as a different and more pervasive form of social control of patients and nurses, and, although it appears to be a radical initiative, the fundamental power structure within which nursing care is given is shown to be unchanged. Whether patients will be more satisfied with their care and nurses will experience less stress in the new mode cannot be taken for granted; they are matters which call for empirical investigation.

Female↗
PubMed1977

The use of myoelectric feedback in teaching facial expression to the blind.

Five blind subjects were provided with an auditory "mirror" of their facial activity by transducing myoelectric signals from facial muscles into sound. Expressions of happiness, surprise, and anger were defined primarily by involvement of the zygomaticus, the frontalis, and the corrugator, respectively. These muscles were connected through separate voltage-controlled oscilllators to separate loudspeakers, such that each muscle activated a different speaker. Motion pictures taken before and after training were assembled in random order and were shown to preselected judges who attempted to identify the expressions. The judges were correct significantly more often on the posttraining expressions. Appropriateness and adequacy of expressions, as rated by the judges, also improved significantly as a result of training.

Adolescent↗