Dental caries in Yanan schoolchildren aged 12 years: China.
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
C Wang
Publications and source records attributed to C Wang.
Undetectable levels of serum FSH immunoactivity and bioactivity in girls with sexual precocity due to ovarian cysts.
Clinical presentation and endocrine investigations in five girls with precocious sexual development due to ovarian cysts are presented. These girls had pubertal oestradiol and suppressed gonadotrophin responsiveness to LHRH stimulation. FSH bioactivity as measured by the rat aromatase assay was undetectable in basal and LHRH-stimulated serum samples but our results cannot exclude the possibility of the presence of a species-specific follicle stimulating factor in these patients. IM injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate controlled pubertal development in two children.
Child↗
A conserved helical element is essential for internal initiation of translation of hepatitis C virus RNA.
Translation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA is initiated by cap-independent internal ribosome binding to the 5' noncoding region (NCR). To identify the sequences and structural elements within the 5' NCR of HCV RNA that contribute to the initiation of translation, a series of point mutations was introduced within this sequence. Since the pyrimidine-rich tract is considered a characteristic feature of picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements, our mutational analysis focused on two putative pyrimidine tracts (Py-I and Py-II) within the HCV 5' NCR. Translational efficiency of these mutant RNAs was examined by in vitro translation and after RNA transfection into liver-derived cells. Mutational analysis of Py-I (nucleotides 120 to 130), supported by compensatory mutants, demonstrates that the primary sequence of this motif is not important but that a helical structural element associated with this region is critical for HCV IRES function. Mutations in Py-II (nucleotides 191 to 199) show that this motif is dispensable for IRES function as well. Thus, the pyrimidine-rich tract motif, which is considered as an essential element of the picornavirus IRES elements, does not appear to be a functional component of the HCV IRES. Further, the insertional mutagenesis study suggests a requirement for proper spacing between the initiator AUG and the upstream structures of the HCV IRES element for internal initiation of translation.
Base Sequence↗
Empowerment through photo novella: portraits of participation.
Photo novella does not entrust cameras to health specialists, policymakers, or professional photographers, but puts them in the hands of children, rural women, grassroots workers, and other constituents with little access to those who make decisions over their lives. Promoting what Brazilian educator Paulo Freire has termed "education for critical consciousness," photo novella allows people to document and discuss their life conditions as they see them. This process of empowerment education also enables community members with little money, power, or status to communicate to policymakers where change must occur. This paper describes photo novella's underpinnings: empowerment education, feminist theory, and documentary photography. It draws on our experience implementing the process among 62 rural Chinese women, and shows that two major implications of photo novella are its contributions to changes in consciousness and informing policy.
Adult↗
Comparative study of two non-invasive tear film stability techniques.
This study was conducted to establish normative and comparative data from healthy subjects under uniform ambient conditions for two non-invasive tear breakup methods (the HIR-CAL grid-modified keratometer and the Mengher-Tonge xeroscope). The study also sought to establish the repeatability and inter-observer variability of the two methods. Forty-five subjects between the ages of 18 and 45 with no known dry eye conditions and with normal ocular health were assessed. Both methods were performed on one eye (both the eye and the first method of testing were randomly selected). On a direct comparison basis, we found that the keratometer method, as has been reported, yielded shorter (generalized sign rank test, n = 58 paired comparisons, p < 0.0001) non-invasive breakup times (NIBUTs) than the xeroscope (mean > or = 35.6 +/- 19.2 seconds and mean > or = 44.7 +/_ 16.3 seconds (mean +/- s.d.), respectively). The keratometer NIBUTs were longer than reported values. The different-day, same-subject repeatability of the NIBUTs as measured by both instruments was excellent. The inter-observer comparison indicated that examiner differences may exist, although the sample size for this assessment may have limited the strength of the comparison.
Adolescent↗
[Management of vessel defect in digit replantation].
Many severed digits are complicated with vessel defects and make replantation more difficult. Based on experimental study, we have repaired vessel defect in 207 cases (261 digits) by 12 methods. 240 digits (92%) survived. Experimental and clinical procedure, treatment of choice and related problems are described.
Adolescent↗
[Laboratory research of biomechanics assay of skin wound healing].
The study described skin wound healing process in mice in the field of biomechanics by assaying the wound breaking strength (WBS) at different time with the INSTRON 4300 Materials Tester (England). The result revealed there was no significant change of WBS on the 3rd and 4th days. From the 5th to 21st day the WBS increased rapidly. From the 21st to 28th day the increased of WBC became slow and after the 28th day WBS tended to be stable. By the day of seven, the healing wound strength was 14% of normal skin and by the day of 28 the strength was 80%. Histopathologic appearance manifested a gradual change process of wound from inflammation to fibril healing. By this we divided the wound healing process into three periods: adhesion period (1st to 4th day), fibril healing period (5th to 28th day) and fibril reconstructive period (after the 28th day). The study provided a clinical reference for the best times of removing sutures and taking functional exercise after an operation.
Animals↗
[Development of a monoclonal antibody (AF9) to human breast carcinoma].
A monoclonal antibody AF9 (IgG1) was raised against human breast carcinoma by fusing murine myeloma SP2/0 cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with cell membrane extracts from primary breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining using the antibody showed reactivity in 19 out of 20 breast carcinoma tissues and in some nonbreast carcinomas such as hepatic, ovarian, lung, colon, and gastric carcinoma tissues. But no staining was observed in either normal tissues or other carcinomas. By immunological treatment, the antigen recognized by AF9 was referred to be glycoprotein with lipid component, and Western blotting revealed that its molecular weight is 51, 56, 67 and 73kd.
Animals↗
The sequence of xylose isomerase gene from Streptomyces diastaticus No. 7 M1033.
The DNA sequence of the xylose isomerase gene from Streptomyces diastaticus No. 7 M1033 from Hainan Province has been determined. The structure gene of the enzyme is composed of 1161bp, corresponding to 387 amino acid residues. The G+C content of the gene is 72.1%. The probability of G or C on the third position of the codon is 98%. At the level of amino acids, this xylose isomerase displays high homology with those from other Actinomycete strains, particularly those from Streptomyces strains.
Aldose-Ketose Isomerases↗
Fluorescence-labeling of nicks in DNA from leukemic blast cells as a measure of damage following cytosine arabinoside. Application to the study of regulated drug sensitivity.
Damage to DNA can be assessed using a technique for labeling nicks in DNA by incubating paraformaldehyde-fixed cells in a mixture of biotin-labeled dUTP, dATP with dNTP and DNA polymerase I. The addition of labeled nucleotides can then be identified by fluorescence by their reaction with streptavidin. We have used this method to examine damage to the DNA of OCI/AML-2 cells caused by cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) and the effects of hydrocortisone and retinoic acid on this damage (regulated drug sensitivity). Concurrent measurements of clonogenic cells were used to allow a comparison of damage as shown by labeled nicks in DNA with loss of colony-forming capacity. Both methods gave comparable ara-C dose-response curves, for cells incubated with the drug for 24 h. Both methods showed that exposure of OCI/AML-2 cells to hydrocortisone before ara-C greatly reduced the toxicity of the drug; and that retinoic acid given after ara-C increased both its lethal effects on colony formation and the extent of DNA damage as assessed by labeled nicks. Clonogenic assays required for colony formation are not readily adapted to the study of development and repair of damage. The labeled nick assay is suitable for such kinetic studies. OCI/AML-2 cells were exposed in suspension to either hydrocortisone before ara-C or retinoic acid after ara-C. At 24 h intervals thereafter, cells were harvested, assayed by both methods, and recultured after dilution to the original cell concentration. In cultures exposed only to ara-C (controls), the number of cells with labeled nicks increased during the first 24 h and cells with damaged DNA could be detected for 48-72 h, depending on the ara-C dose in spite of the dilution at each passage. OCI/AML-2 cells exposed to hydrocortisone before drug showed fewer nick-labeled cells than controls at the first observation and damaged cells rapidly disappeared from the population with increasing time. For cells treated with retinoic acid after ara-C, the nick-labeled cell population was greater than controls and remained greater throughout subsequent observations. We propose that in the control cultures, sublethal damage either became lethal with time and was seen as increased numbers of cells with damaged DNA, or alternatively, sublethal damage was repaired. From this point of view we consider that hydrocortisone promotes repair of sublethal damage while retinoic acid inhibits repair.
Cytarabine↗
The study on improved cryopreservation technique of the ultrastructure of corneal endothelial cells.
The traditional corneal cryopreservation technique was improved. We carried out an experimental study that rabbit corneas were cryopreserved by using polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) as cryoprotective agent and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as the control. The endothelia of cryopreserved corneas were evaluated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and vital staining. The study shows that PVP is an excellent extracellular cryoprotective agent and has the characteristic of low toxicity or not toxicity to corneal endothelia. PVP is able to enhance the cryoprotective action of DMSO when combined with DMSO. The changes of the ultrastructure of endothelial cells are able to reflect the endothelial viability.
Animals↗
[Marchiafava-Bignami disease].
One case of subacute development of Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is reported. The clinical characteristics and pathogenetic aspects of the disease are discussed. The usage of MRI in the diagnosis of MBD before the patient's death was the first ever in China.
Alcoholism↗
[The hemodynamic and oxygen dynamic effects of mechanical ventilation in chronic cor pulmonale].
Observation by using Swan-Ganz catheter on hemodynamic and oxygen dynamic changes before and after assisted volume controlled mechanical ventilation (MV) was carried out in 11 cases of chronic cor pulmonale complicated with pulmonary encephalopathy. Pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure were significantly decreased by the relief of hypoxia pulmonary vasoconstriction after MV. Because of the relax of sympathetic tension, the heart rate, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and central venous pressure reduced simultaneously. Left and right ventricular stroke work decreased after MV, without significant change in cardiac output. Venous admixture (Qs/Qt) was markedly reduced by MV and oxygen supply-demand ratio raised. It is thus shown that marked improvement of hemodynamic and oxygen dynamic status can be induced by mechanical ventilation at an opportune moment.
Aged↗
Requirement of polysialic acid for the migration of the O-2A glial progenitor cell from neurohypophyseal explants.
While the capacity of O-2A oligodendrocyte progenitors to migrate in cell culture and during in vivo myelin formation is well documented, little is known about factors that regulate the motility of these cells. Here, we report on an in vitro model that allowed us to evaluate the contribution of alpha 2-8 linked polysialic acid (PSA) to O-2A cell motility. Using explant cultures of newborn rat neurohypophysis, we observed that individual glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells rapidly disperse from the explants, and that cells of the O-2A lineage predominate in the migratory cell pool. Presumed O-2A progenitor cells had a round or bipolar morphology and presented both A2B5 and GFAP immunoreactivity. When cultured in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, these cells differentiated into stellate-shaped, A2B5/GFAP-positive type 2 astrocytes. In serum-free medium most of them developed into O4/galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes. O-2A lineage cells were found only in a specific developmental period extending from embryonic day 21 to postnatal day 3. A monoclonal antibody, which recognizes the alpha 2-8 linked PSA, characteristic of the embryonic form of NCAM, revealed immunoreactivity on the surface of O-2A progenitor cells, whereas mature oligodendrocytes, type 2, type 1 astrocytes as well as flat GFAP-negative cells were negative. Treatment of the explants with endoneuraminidase purified from phage K1, which specifically removes PSA from the surface of the cell, resulted in a complete blockade of the dispersion of O-2A lineage population from the explant. The effects of the enzymatic treatment were both selective and reversible: migration of GFAP-negative fibroblast-like cells that are normally PSA negative was not influenced, and upon removal of the enzyme, cells of the O-2A lineage were readily detectable in the migrating population. These results provide direct evidence that alpha 2-8 linked PSA contribute to the motility of O-2A, glial progenitor cells.
Aging↗
[Changes in oxygen delivery and consumption in different stages of chronic cor pulmonale].
To observe the changes of oxygen dynamic status in the development of chronic cor pulmonale, we studied early chronic cor pulmonale (group A, 13 cases), late chronic cor pulmonale in remission stage (group B, 15) and late chronic cor pulmonale in acute exacerbation stage (group C, 10) with Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter and arterial and mixed venous blood gas analysis for detecting the oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (VO2). In group C, amrinone was given intravenously (15 micrograms.kg-1/min) and the examinations were repeated. DO2 (465 +/- 72 ml.min-1/m2) and VO2 (114 +/- 11 ml.min-1/m2) were at low level of normal range. No correlation was noted between them (r = 0.282, P > 0.05) in group A. It is suggested that the patient of early stage was in low oxygen delivery and consumption and no tissue oxygen deficit existed. In group B, DO2 and VO2 increased (592 +/- 111 and 145 +/- 32 ml.min-1/m2 respectively, P < 0.05 versus group A) but no significant correlation was found (r = 0.189, P > 0.05). Hence, the body of the patient was in high metabolic status and no tissue oxygen deficit existed in remission stage. DO2 and VO2 in group C (622 +/- 150, 139 +/- 44 ml.min-1/m2 respectively) were similar to those in group B (P < 0.05). After amrinone administration, a significant correlation was found between DO2 and VO2 (r = 0.39, P < 0.05). It is suggested that in the exacerbation stage, the patient's body was in highly metabolic status, the oxygen delivery-consumption compensation mechanism failed, and tissue oxygen deficit existed.
Aged↗
[H reflex in the diagnosis of lumbosacral nerve root entrapment].
This article was to obtain the normal values of H reflex and verify its reliability. The normal values for the H reflex were obtained from 103 healthy subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using stepwise regression. If the practical time interval H-M in ms was higher 1.8ms than the estimate, this S1 root was considered as abnormality. According to this normal value, we obtained 89% accuracy in 28 S1 roots compression when compared with operative findings. For this group patients, the myelography achieved an accuracy of 86%, the accuracy of CT was 72%. The diagnostic index of this diagnostic method was 176. Our investigation suggests that H reflex latency testing is a valuable tool in helping to diagnosing S1 root entrapment.
Adolescent↗
[Experimental study of Chinese Agkistrodon acutus venom in activation of rabbit platelets in vivo].
Fourteen Albino rabbits, male and female, were allocated randomly into two groups: control group which had intravenous infusion of normal saline, and experimental group which had intravenous infusion of Chinese Agkistrodon Acutus venom (CAAV) 0.075 mg/kg. Platelet was reduced, plasma PF4 activity and 5-HT concentration increased, 5-HT content in platelets was reduced in the experimental group 10, 20, and 50 minutes after the infusion. It had a significant difference (P < 0.01), compared with that in the control group. Platelets were aggregated into masses under electron microscope 10 minutes after the infusion of CAAV. The study has proved that blood platelets in rabbits are activated by Chinese Agkistrodon Acutus venom.
Agkistrodon↗
Identification of the peptide binding domain of hsc70. 18-Kilodalton fragment located immediately after ATPase domain is sufficient for high affinity binding.
Recombinant hsc70, a purified glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein containing the C-terminal domain of hsc70 (GST-Ct), and an internal 18-kDa polypeptide located immediately after the 44-kDa ATPase domain of hsc70 were investigated for their peptide binding properties. The dissociation constants of the S-peptide for native hsc70 (Kd = 5-8 microM), GST-Ct (Kd = 6.5 microM), and the 18-kDa fragment (Kd = 8.1 microM) are virtually identical. In addition, polylysine and (Pro-Pro-Gly)5 do not show high affinity toward hsc70, GST-Ct, and the 18-kDa fragment, whereas peptide GT4 and P3a show comparably high affinity toward these polypeptides. These observations indicate that the peptide binding domain of hsc70 is confined in the internal 18-kDa fragment.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗