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Biomedical subjects

C Wang

Publications and source records attributed to C Wang.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources

[Determination of clozapine and its N-demethylated metabolite in serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring].

This article reports a highly sensitive method specific for determination of clozapine(CLP) and its N-demethylated metabolite (DCLP) in serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. A 0.5 mL serum was alkalized with 0.5 mL 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide and was extracted with 5 mL ether, then the organic phase was transferred to another tube containing 1 mL 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid. After being shaken and centrifuged, the organic phase was discarded, and 10 microL 100 micrograms/L diazepam (DAP) was added to the water phase as internal standard, then 0.5 mL 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide and 5 mL ether were added. The extract was evaporated to dryness and then was acylated with 50 microL trifluoroacetic anhydride under 50 degrees C for 45 min. The excess of the reagent was evaporated and the residue was disolved in 20 microL acetone. Take 2 microL for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Chromatographic conditions were: column DB-1 (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 microns), injector 260 degrees C, interface 250 degrees C, column oven with temperature program: [equation: see text] Helium carrier gas flow rate was 1.8 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was adjustd to record the ion m/z352 for CLP and DCLP, and m/z 256 for DAP in quantitation. The minimum detection limits were 0.1 microgram/L for CLP and 0.2 microgram/L for DCLP. The standard curves of CLP and DCLP were linear between 1-128 micrograms/L (rCLP = 0.998, rDCLP = 0.999). Recoveries of two substances were better than 83%, and the RSD values were less than 10%. This method has been successfully used in clinical pharmacokinetic study of CLP before and after CYP1A2 inhibitor used. The results indicate that the metabolism of clozapine is strongly affected by CYP1A2 activity.

Antipsychotic Agents↗

[Clinical study on qiangxinling liquid extract in treating congestive heart failure].

OBJECTIVE: To find the safe and effective treatment and drugs for congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS: Ninety CHF patients whose heart function belong to III-IV grade were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group A was treated with Qiangxinling liquid extract (QXLLE); Group B with QXLLE plus small dose of digoxin and Group C with digoxin alone. RESULTS: The total effective rate on heart function of Group A was 86.7%, Group B 93.3% and Group C 83.3%, the effect of Group B was better than that of the other two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The digoxin withdrawing and reducing rate in Group B was higher than that in Group C (86.7% vs 50.0%, P < 0.05). The left ventricular systolic function, including stroke volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction of the 3 groups were improved after treatment, among them the effect of Group B was the best (P < 0.01). Moreover, improvement in ventricular diastolic function was shown in Group A and B, including the maximum blood flow of the late and the early diastolic stage as well as the ratio of them (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The plasma renin activity, angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide of Group A and B were also lowered after treatment and were significantly different to those of the Group C (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: QXLLE could improve the heart function, clinical symptoms and neuro-endocrinal indexes of CHF patients and reduce the side effects of digoxin.

Adult↗

[Gas chromatographic determination of camphora, mentholum, isoborneol and borneol in Guanxingao].

Guanxingao is a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. The contents of camphora, mentholum, isoborneol and borneol in Guanxingao are determined by gas chromatography. The purpose of the study is to detect and control the loss of the four volatile components through production and standing and to guarantee the curative effect. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a GC-4004 gas chromatograph(FID). The column was a 3 mm i.d. x 2 m stainless steel tube packed with 7% PEG-1500 on 100-110 mesh 102 non-silanized white support. The column and the FID temperatures were 115 degrees C and 180 degrees C respectively. H2 was the carrier gas, 30 mL/min. Internal standard method was used for the quantitative estimation with naphthalene as the internal standard. The linear ranges were at least within 50-450 mg/L (r = 0.9999, n = 4). The correction factors against naphthalene were 1.262-1.286 and the RSDs were 0.32%-1.5%(n = 12). The recoveries were 98.44%-101.9%. In comparison with the theoretical contents, the average loss percentages are 71.72% (camphora), 65.60% (mentholum) and 66.31% (isoborneol + borneol). The samples were pretreated by means of isothermal (35 degrees C) water-bath extraction with acetone for 6 times with four hours each.

Camphanes↗

[Simultaneous determinations of carbamate pesticides in cereal by high performance liquid chromatography with post-column fluorescence derivatization].

A liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of carbamate pesticides in cereal by Waters Carbamate Analysis System with post-column fluorescence derivatization is described. The cereal sample homogenate was extracted with acetone and water. The extract was partitioned between 5% sodium chloride solution and dichloromethane. The dichloromethane layer was concentrated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in n-hexane and extracted with acetonitrile (saturated with n-hexane). The acetonitrile layer was decreased with n-hexane (saturated with acetonitrile), then the acetonitrile layer was concentrated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in methanol. It's the test solution for HPLC. Nine carbamate pesticides and their three metabolites were separated by Waters Carbamate Column with gradient elution. Two steps underwent in the post-column system: hydrolysis by NaOH solution and the reaction of the product with o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol. The resulting fluorescence derivative was detected at 445 nm (excitation at 339 nm). The selectivity, reproducibility and sensitivity of proposed method are better than those reported with other methods. The detection limits was 5 micrograms/kg of samples.

Carbamates↗

[Determination of oleanolic acid and total saponins in Aralia L].

OBJECTIVE: To search for higher contents of olenolic acid and saponins in Aralia for medicinal use. METHOD: A HPLC method was developed for the determination of olenolic acid in Aralia. An YWG C-18 column was used and the mobile phase was methanol-water(90:10). The detection wavelength was UV 210 nm. The total saponins were determined by colorimetry. RESULT: Olenolic acid in root or stems of 13 species and total saponins in whole roots and root barks of 14 species of Aralia were determined. The contents of olenolic acid and total saponins in woody Aralia were higher than those in herbaceous. CONCLUSION: The contents of olenolic acid in A. decaisneana, A. elata, A. chinocaulis, A. chinensis and A. chinensis var. dasyphylloides are higher than those in other species. Furthermore, A. decaisneana and A. elata are rich in wild resources and thus of importance to the development and utilization of wild plants containing olenolic acid.

Aralia↗

[Pharmacognosy of hog nail of Sus scrofa domestica Brisson].

This paper reports the characteristics of microscopic and physicochemical identifications, as well as the determination of amino acids and inorganic elements in Unguis Suillus of the crude drug Hog Nail of Sus scrofa domestica. The results show that the protein content of Unguis Suillus amounts to 80.65%. The amino acids in the drug consist of 7 essential amino acids and 9 nonessential amino acids. The main inorganic elements are Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe and Zn.

Amino Acids↗

[Determination of quercetin in changyanning tablets by RP-HPLC].

The quercetin in Changyannning Tablets was determined by reverse phase HPLC on Shim-Pack CLC-ODS column(150 mm x 4.6 mm) with UV detector and methanol-water-phosphoric acid(55:44.6:0.4) as mobile phase (1.0 ml/min). The average recovery relative standard deviation were 99.7% and 1.01% respectively.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

[Chemical constituents of the root of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff].

OBJECTIVE: To search for new effective hypotensive components from the Chinese folk drug, the root of Pimpinella thellungiana. METHOD: A new compound was isolated from etheral extract of the drug by chromatographic method and identified by physical, chemical and spectroscopic methods. RESULT: The compound has been identified as 2-(1',2'-dihydroxy)propyl-4-methoxy phenol. CONCLUSION: The compound was obtained from the root of P. thellungiana for the first time.

Apiaceae↗

[A study on the clinical curative effect by acupuncture for myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To study the acupuncture treatment for myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD) using infrared thermography and microcirculation. METHODS: The temperature of the skin on the TMJ regions, the blood vessels and the blood flow of the Nail Fold capillary loops, were observed in the group of the acupuncture He Gu and Min Yin point and the control group. RESULTS: There were high temperature of the skin on the TMJ regions, and enlarged blood vessels and increased blood flow of the Nail Fold capillary loops in the treatment group, with elimination of, pain and increase of mouth opening as compared with the control group. The effective rate of the acupuncture treatment of 477 cases of MPD is 93.1%. CONCLUSION: The He Gu and Min Yin points are sensitive point for the treatment of MPD.

Acupuncture Therapy↗

[Investigation on the positions and relevant factors of wedge-shaped defects in the elderly].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the position and relevant factors of wedge-shaped defects in elderly. METHODS: 462 elderly were examined. RESULTS: The occurrence rate of wedge-shaped defects was 99.1%, all had at least labial or buccal defects, with premolars the most frequent. However, 15.2% of them had lingual defects, most frequently in molars. No significant association were found between wedge-shaped defect position and tooth brushing or erosion factors in the group. In tooth with defect, the occlusal surface wear was more severe, the denture abutment teeth were more in number, and the functional mobility was increased; in teeth with lingual defect, these phenomena were more obvious. CONCLUSION: The wedgeshaped defects, besides tooth brushing and erosion factors, occlusal force and its accumulation plays a role as well, lingual lesions are more related to traumatic occlusal force.

Aged↗

[The changes of pancreatic function after cardiopulmonary bypass].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function in patients who underwent heart valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in order to optimally conside clinical management perioperatively. METHOD: Sixteen patients with heart valve disease were selected. Serum glucose, lactate, insulin, C peptide, amylase and lipase were measured. RESULT: Hyperglycemia and hyperlactacemia were noted after CPB and peaked at 19:00 on the operative day. Their changes were correctly correlated. Serum glucose and lactate returned to the baseline level on the third postoperative day. The average level of serum insulin were normal, but higher on the third postoperative day. However, the level of serum C peptide was higher than the baseline. It doubled the baseline level at 19:00 on the operative day. The average level of serum amylase and lipase was normal, except the higher level of serum lipase on the fourth postoperative day. In our group, 12 patients had normal serum amylase level perioperatively, and 4 increased serum amylase level (25%), among them 2 patients accompanied with hyperlipasimia (16%). There were 8 patients with hyperlipasimia (50%). CONCLUSION: The endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions were influenced by CPB and did produce pathophysiologic changes.

Adult↗

[The synthesis and immunosuppressive effects of steroid-peptide linkers].

Hydrocortisone was coupled with urotoxin tripeptide UTP-A, UTP-B and UTP-C respectively yielding 4 linkers. Their bioactivities such as prolongation of heterotopic transplanted cardiac tissue survival, inhibitory effects on phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages and the influence on Con A induced proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of mouse were observed. Compared with UTP-A, UTP-B, UTP-C or hydrocortisone the linkers were more potent immunosuppressants. The results suggest that the linker of steroid-peptide may simulate the permissive action.

Animals↗

[Determination of diterpenoic acid, triterpenoids and tritersaponins in Aralia by RP-HPLC].

In this paper, an accurate RP-HPLC method for the determination of oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (I), oleanolic acid 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (II), 3 beta-hydroxy-oleana-11, 13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (III), (ent)-pimara-8(14), 15-dien-19-oic acid (IV), oleanolic acid (V) and 3-ox-oleana-12-en-28-oic acid (VI) in 11 species of Aralia Linn. was described. The analytical column used was Supelco SIL-LC-18. The mobile phase was MeOH-1%HOAc-THF (500:110:1, pH 3.4). The flow rate was 1.2 ml.min-1. The detection wavelength was 205 nm. The linear ranges of I-VI were 0.135-2.160, 0.163-2.610, 0.123-1.962, 0.068-1.080, 0.135-2.160 and 0.248-2.646 micrograms, respectively. The recoveries of I-VI were from 86.88% to 93.31%. Detailed comparison of the diterpenoic acid, triterpenoids and tritersaponins for the group of herbal with those of woody the content of diterpenoic acid in herbal is higher than that of in woody. It showed that the diterponic acid is the specific constituent in the group of herbal, which is the difference to woody. This conclusion provides the evidence of the chemical classification for dividing the groups of herbal and woody into two distinct subgenus.

Aralia↗

[Clinical pathology study of lingual carcinoma treatment with CDDP-AMS microcapsules through lingual artery].

11 patients with lingual carcinoma were treated by artery chemoembolization with 100 mg CDDP-AMS microcapsules (CDDP 13.6 mg) through lingual artery, and the average diameter of microcapsules was 56.3 microns. There was no obvious carcinoma cell or carcinoma tissue in pathologic specimens of the tissue after 4 weeks of treatment. After 5-6 weeks of chemoembolization, the clinical tumor ulcer disappeared, but it was difficult to judge the change of the tumor because of local fiber tissue. After 6 months, by observation of 4 patients whose tumors had not been excised, it was found that the infiltuation mass of primary carcinoma disappeared and tongue body became soft. It suggests that artery chemoembolization with CDDP-AMS microcapsules is an efficient way of lingual carcinoma treatment.

Adult↗

[Relationship between root rot on Panax notoginseng Burk. F. H. Chen and its environmental conditions].

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the relationship between root rot on Panax notoginseng and its environmental conditions for integrate control of the disease. METHOD: Field observation and analysis on the planting plots were conducted regularly. RESULTS: Root rot on P. notoginseng occurs extensively in Wenshan Prefecture, with two peaks of incidence per year. The first peak appears in March-April; and the second July-August. Air temperatures around 20 degrees C and relative humidities of higher than 95% are favorable for the disease to occur and spread. The root rot is severe when the light transmitting rate in the shade shed is too high(> 30%). The disease is severer in land of continuous cropping than in land of rotational cropping and land of new cropping. The severity of the rot increases with the years of continuous cropping. The art of field management also influences the occurring and spreading of the disease. CONCLUSION: The occurring and spreading of P. notoginseng root rot are closely related to its environmental conditions.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗

[Subcloning and expression of coding region for cellulase binding domain of CBH I from P. janthinellum in E. coli].

The in vitro DNA manipulations, included the nested deletions, of cbh1 from P. janthinellum inserted into pUC18-181 were carried out. The two ends of fragments were modified into blunt ends and the fragments were self-ligated. Then, the encircled plasmids were transformed to E. coli JM109. Utilizing the characterization of CBD binding to crystalline cellulose, one catalytic domain deletion transformant producing active LacZ-CBD fusion protein was isolated from 24 transformants randomly picked from 400 transformants. The molecular weight of the LacZ-CBD fusion protein is 21 kD. The plasmid was designated pUC 18C. The LacZ-CBD fusion protein produced by JM109(pUC18C) was able to be purified by procedure of adsorption-desorption to cellulose. The pNPC activity of crude enzyme solution of JM109(pUC18C) induced by IPTG were zero, identified the JM109(pUC18C) has no CBHI activity.

Adsorption↗

[Measurement of forces between biomolecules by atomic force microscopy].

The intermolecular forces of the biological samples may be measured by atomic force microscopy, which has provided a powerful means for us to understand the principles of living phenomena. Some systems in which the interaction forces between biomolecules have been measured hitherto include: 1. ligand-receptor; 2. actin-myosin; 3. proteoglycans; 4. DNA complementary strands and nucleotides; 5. special organic chemical groups. A literature review on these objects is presented in this article.

Macromolecular Substances↗