Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C W Turton

Publications and source records attributed to C W Turton.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell counts in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and their relation to therapy.

Bronchoalveolar lavage was used to sample inflammatory cells from the lungs of 51 patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) (24 smokers, 12 ex-smokers, and 15 non-smokers). The smokers with CFA have been compared with 15 smoking control subjects in whom there was no radiographic abnormality or clinical evidence of chronic bronchitis. Significantly lower volumes of lavage fluid were recovered from the smokers with CFA (p < 0.001) and the fluid contained lower percentages of macrophages (p < 0.01), reflecting increased percentages of eosinophils (p < 0.001) and neutrophils (p < 0.01). Similar changes were seen in the ex-smokers and non-smokers. There was also an increase in the percentages of lymphocytes when the whole group of CFA patients was compared with the control subjects (p less than or equal to 0.05). No significant differences were found when patients with "lone" CFA were compared with those having associated systemic disease. The only feature distinguishing smokers from non-smokers with CFA was the presence of pigmented cytoplasmic inclusions in the macrophages from the smokers (p < 0.001). However, there were lower numbers of pigmented macrophages in the smoking CFA patients by comparison with the control subjects suggesting either a change in phagocytic capacity or turnover rate in this disease. Profiles of differential cell counts in individual patients showed that increases of eosinophils over 3% or neutrophils over 4% or both with lymphocyte counts of less than 11% related to a poor clinical response to corticosteroids, but lymphocyte percentages greater than 11% related to improvement (p < 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pleural effusions.

Pleural effusions develop following changes in capillary permeability, capillary hydrostatic pressure, plasma colloid osmotic pressure, or lymphatic drainage. Generalized fluid retention or a transudate suggests a systemic cause while an exudate suggests a local cause. The diagnosis can usually be established by clinical assessment, chest radiography, analysis of pleural fluid, pleural biopsy, and appropriate special investigations. When no cause can be found, particular care should be taken to exclude secondary carcinoma, tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction, and mesothelioma; the patient should be followed-up. Symptomatic malignant effusions may be managed initially by basal intercostal tube drainage alone. For recurrences, local instillation first of tetracycline and then of mustine may be tried. Pleurectomy should be considered if the prognosis is otherwise good.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1979

Value of measuring serum angiotensin I converting enzyme and serum lysozyme in the management of sarcoidosis.

Serum angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) and lysozyme have been measured in 23 controls, 115 patients with sarcoidosis, and 64 with other chest diseases. Both enzymes were significantly raised in sarcoidosis. ACE was raised above the normal range in 21 of 72 (29%) patients with definite sarcoidosis and in 17 of 38 (45%) of those who were untreated and seen within one year of presentation. The rise discriminated usefully between those with stable and progressive disease (5% and 62% respectively). Lysozyme was raised in 50 of 72 (69%) patients with sarcoidosis but also in 11 of 54 (20%) patients with other chest diseases. Discrimination between stable and progressive disease was useful only if very high levels were considered. Five patients had serial measurements after treatment with oral steroids and showed a progressive fall in levals of both enzymes, but patients with other diseases also showed a significant fall within the normal range when so treated. Measurement of these enzymes may help in the management of some cases of sarcoidosis, but results require critical interpretation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Histocompatibility antigens in asthma: population and family studies.

One hundred and twenty-two patients with intrinsic asthma, extrinsic atopic asthma, or asthma with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis were tissue typed for the HLA A, B, and C loci. No associations were found with any of the clinical groups, or with serum total IgE concentrations. Sixty-eight members of 10 families where more than one member was affected by asthma were studied. The segregation of haplotypes in siblings of the propositi who were or were not affected by asthma did not differ from the predicted segregation, and there were no differences when atopy or serum total IgE were considered. No biologically important association between HLA and asthma has been shown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes in fibrosing alveolitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-A.T.) phenotypes were determined in 55 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.), 33 patients with R.A. and either obstructive airways disease or recurrent chest infections, 49 patients with fibrosing alveolitis (F.A.), 22 patients with R.A. and F.A., and 200 healthy controls. A highly significant increase in the frequency of MZ phenotype was found among patients with F.A., both with and without R.A. Patients with R.A. alone had a normal distribution of phenotypes. Inherited modification of immune function may predispose to F.A. Alternatively, lowered levels of alpha 1-A.T. associated with non-M phenotypes may predispose to tissue damage with subsequent fibrosis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1977

Altered vitamin-D metabolism in pregnancy.

Low levels of plasma-25-hydroxy-vitamin-D (25-OHD) (less than 16 nmol/1) were found in 33% of a group of pregnant women studied in South London. Non-White women in the last 10 weeks of pregnancy had significantly reduced levels compared with non-pregnant controls (P less than 0.02). Plasma-25-OHD was unrelated to dietary vitamin-D intake, age, parity, social class, plasma-calcium, and plasma-albumin. Reduction of plasma-25-OHD could contribute to the fall in plasma-calcium during pregnancy, and may result from enhanced maternal metabolism or increased utilisation of vitamin D by the fetus.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Transient hypercalcaemia following acute renal failure.

Two patients with transient hypercalcaemia during recovery from acute renal failure are described. The literature is reviewed and possible pathophysiological mechanisms discussed. Patients with renal failure following muscle damage should have regular measurement of plasma calcium.

Acute Kidney Injury↗