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Biomedical subjects

C W Nichols

Publications and source records attributed to C W Nichols.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Screening for glaucoma by general medicine residents.

A screening-training program to teach Schiötz tonometry to internal medicine residents was completed. A large number of previously undiagnosed glaucoma cases were detected. Most of the residents had never before performed tonometry. None had previously screened patients in their clinics. Following training, most of the physicians believed themselves to be competent to perform tonometry, although many had not fully mastered the instrument technically. They believed that glaucoma screening should be done by general internists. Although the residents indicated plans to screen their patients for glaucoma, few continued to do so. General internists may be willing to learn to perform tonometry. However, earlier training and more effective role modelling are probably necessary to effect routine screening for glaucoma.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1980

A permeability defect of the retinal pigment epithelium. Occurrence in early streptozocin diabetes.

The permeability of the blood-retina barrier was tested in rats with early streptozocin-induced diabetes. Two different tracer substances were used: fluorescein sodium and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). After intravenous administration, the ocular distribution of fluorescein was studied by fluorescence microscopy of freeze-dried tissue. A permeability defect of the pigment epithelium to fluorescein was present in one half of the rats four weeks after induction of diabetes. The dye entered the pigment epithelial cells but could not be detected among the photoreceptors. The only dyd visible in neural retina was within the retinal blood vessels. For HRP, no fault whatsoever in the blood retina barrier was found: there was no increase of vesicular uptake by the pigment epithelial cells; the tight junctions between pigment epithelial cells were intact as were those between the endothelial cells of retinal blood vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Conjunctival biopsy as an aid in the evaluation of the patient with suspected sarcoidosis.

Conjunctival biopsy is an underused but simple technique in the evaluation of the patient with sarcoidosis and occasionally other systemic diseases. In 55% of patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis from other sites, a blind conjunctival biopsy was positive. Bilateral conjunctival biopsies and the examination of multiple sections of each biopsy were essential to obtain this high of a yield. There was no relationship between an anterior uveitis and a positive conjunctival biopsy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of the toxicologic and teratogenic potentials of sodium fluorescein in the rat.

Sodium fluorescein (10%) when injected intravenously (5 ml/kg) in pregnant albino rats crossed the placental barrier and appeared to be distributed throughout the fetus within 15 min. It was detectable in the fetus up to 4 h after injection but not beyond 24 h. A single intravenous administration of sodium fluorescein did not produce embryotoxic or teratogenic effects. Oral LD50 studies using sodium phenobarbital on rats which received sodium fluorescein during their fetal development showed no apparent effects of sodium fluorescein on their drug detoxification systems.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

Unusual presentation of ocular toxocariasis in friends.

Two cases of presumed ocular toxocariasis are reported in 19-year-old college students. One presented with an acute exudative intraocular inflammation, with marked peripheral eosinophilia, while the other had only minimal inflammatory changes of the disc and vitreous. Both had elevated Toxocara antibody titers by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The simultaneous occurrence of ocular toxocariasis in friends and the early presentation and detection of their ocular lesions make these 2 cases interesting. The presence of positive laboratory data with only minimal clinical disease in one of the cases suggests that ocular toxocariasis may be more common than is usually appreciated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Retinal arteriolar changes as an indicator of coronary artery disease.

Funduscopic examination was performed in 70 non diabetic, nonhypertensive patients without valvular heart disease undergoing coronary angiography for evaluation of chest pain syndromes to determine if retinal arteriolar changes could reliably predict presence of coronary artery disease. Retinal arteriolar changes were graded with respect to light reflex, vessel caliber, arteriovenous crossing defects, and vessel tortuosity without knowledge of angiographic findings. Each coronary vessel was graded with respect to its most occlusive lesion by angiography; coronary index was derived for each patient without knowledge of eye findings. Abnormal light reflex changes were the most sensitive indicators of presence and extent of coronary artery disease. Abnormal vessel tortuosity and decreased caliber were less sensitive but more specific; their presence also suggested more extensive coronary lesions. Thus, funduscopic examination demonstrating specific retinal arteriolar lesions may indicate presence of coronary artery disease and may correlate with extent of lesions in selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Tube carbohydrate assimilation method for the rapid indentification of clinically significant yeasts.

Yeasts have gained greater recognition in the past several years as being the cause of significant infections. We modified and evaluated a carbohydrate assimilation test to identify yeast isolates rapidly and accurately. The 192 clinical isolates used in this study included 20 species of the genera Candida, Cryptoccoccus, Saccharomyces, Torulopsis, Trichosporon, Rhodotorula, and Geotrichum. The method achieved 95% agreement with standard Wickerham assimilation results, and 97% of the isolates were correctly identified with the aid of a few auxilliary tests. The method is rapid, reliable, and versatile in its use.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of a commercial multitest system for identification of yeasts.

A new commercial yeast identification system, the Randolph Multitest Mycology Plate, was evaluated. This system is based on the assimilation of carbohydrates, growth on birdseed agar, resistance to cycloheximide, hydrolysis of urea, and reduction of nitrate. The 184 clinical isolates used in the evaluation included 20 species of the genera Candida, Cryptococcus, Saccharomyces, Torulopsis, Trichosporon, Rhodotorula, and Geotrichum. Agreement with the standard Wickerham carbohydrate assimilation and other conventional biochemical results was found in 84 percent of the tests, and 91 percent of the yeasts were correctly identified with the aid of microscopy, cultural characteristics, and germ-tube formation. Identification of the tested strains was achieved within 96 hours.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1978

Late hyphema due to vascularization of the cataract wound.

Nineteen patients with hyphema due to fibrovascular tissue in the cataract wound were seen. In 3 patients the hyphema occurred after closure of an unitentional filtering bleb. Two patients receiving anticoagulants before and after the hyphema occurred did not have recurrence of the bleeding. In one patient the hyphema was induced by scleral depression. This benign condition is frequently misdiagnosed. When erythrocytes are seen in the anterior chamber of an aphakic patient, vascularization of the cataract wound should be suspected and confirmed by gonioscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Presumed orbital sarcoidosis: report of a case followed by computerized axial tomography and conjunctival biopsy.

A thirty-two-year old woman with known sarcoidosis was seen in the Ophthalmology Clinic because of discomfort in the left eye and orbit when looking up. A CT scan showed a small mass in the posterior left orbit. Conjunctival biopsy of the left eye showed a granuloma consistent with sarcoid. Rapid resolution of her condition occurred with prednisone therapy. One year later she had a recurrence with inability to elevate or depress the left eye. Similar, but more extensive, changes were seen on a CT scan. Conjunctival biopsy again was positive. With steroid therapy rapid and complete resolution occurred both clinically and as demonstrated by a CT scan. The relationship between her orbital mass and systemic sarcoidosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Malignant lymphoma of thenasopharyns in waldenström's macroglobulinemia: report of a case with severe epistaxis.

An elderly woman with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia of four years' duration developed repeated severe epistaxis. This led to the discovery of a large malignant lymphoma of the nasopharynx. The clinical features of this rare case are discussed in relation to our present understanding of WM. Epistaxis in macroglobulinemic patients may be associated with anatomic lesions of the nasopharynx.

Chlorambucil↗
PubMed1976

Analysis of suckling-induced changes in adenohypophyseal prolactin concentration in the lactating rat by three assay methods.

Suckling-induced changes in adenohypophyseal prolactin (PRL) concentrations in lactating rats were measured in two experiments by three assays: a disc electrophoretic assay (DEA), a bioassay (BA) and a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Substantial discrepancies among the three assays were found in the absolute amounts of pituitary PRL measured and in the changes in adenohypophyseal PRL concentration that were recorded between suckling intervals. The results indicate that in dynamic states of secretory activity the correspondence among BA, RIA and DEA estimates of pituitary PRL concentration is poor.

Animals↗