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Biomedical subjects

C W Miller

Publications and source records attributed to C W Miller.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Applications of ultrasound to veterinary diagnostics in a veterinary teaching hospital.

Animal patients at Colorado State University's Veterinary Teaching Hospital as well as beagles at the Collaborative Radiological Health Laboratory (CRHL) have been routinely evaluated using a variety of ultrasonic procedures that are commonplace in human medicine. The results from these clinical investigations have provided diagnostic information which in many cases has not been available using other clinical testing methods. Dogs, cats, horses, and cattle have been the primary animals evaluated, but more exotic subjects such as rabbits, ferrets, goats, and armadillos have also been examined. Standard M mode echocardiographic and classic contact scanning have been used to evaluate the heart and abdominal-pelvic areas respectively. Recently, real time scanning has been added to our capabilities for evaluating animal subjects. These clinical studies, while obviously adding to veterinary diagnostics have also become an exciting new area in the veterinary teaching program. Ultrasound has shown potential in a variety of studies employing animal models, i.e., aging effects on the heart in beagles and anthracycline-induced myocardial dysfunction in rabbits.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1981

A method for quantitation of hepatic, pancreatic, and intestinal function in conscious Yucatan miniature swine.

A right laparotomy was performed in anesthetized miniature swine. A hepatic vein was catheterized through the diaphragmatic surface of the left lateral lobe of the liver or through the cut surface of the right lateral lobe following a partial lobectomy. Continuous wave Doppler flow cuffs were applied to the hepatic artery and portal vein. Portal vein catheterization was accomplished through a stab incision made through the center of a preplaced purse string suture. Catheters and flow cuff wires exited the abdomen at the dorsal limit of the incision and were placed in nylon packs. Sterile surgery of the right ventro-lateral cervical region allowed catheterization of the right external jugular vein and carotid artery. These catheters were passed subcutaneously to the dorsum of the neck and inserted into another nylon pack. This method allowed repetitive experiments on conscious miniature swine after recovery from surgery. It allowed accurate quantitative determination of hepatic extraction of hormones as well as extraction of production of metabolites. Rates of intestinal absorption and pancreatic hormone secretion also could be assessed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Echocardiography in assessing mitral valve motion in 3 horses with atrial fibrillation.

Echocardiography is a non-invasive, safe means of assessing intracardiac structures and their motion. In the normal motion of the mitral valve there is anterior motion noted during atrial systole. In 3 horses with atrial fibrillation the mitral valve motion had no anterior motion to correspond with atrial contractions. Quinidine returned the electrocardiogram of one horse to a sinus rhythm after which echocardiography demonstrated the reappearance of the anterior motion of the mitral valve.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Radionuclide bone imaging as a means of differentiating loosening and infection in patients with a painful total hip prosthesis.

Twenty patients with 23 painful total hip prostheses were examined by radionuclide imaging (20 cases), arthrography (11 cases), needle aspiration (9 cases), and surgery (19 cases) for the purpose of assessing loosening and/or infection. Bone imaging was most accurate, showing three main distributions of activity: (a) ectopic calcification, (b) focal increased activity at the upper and lower ends of the femoral prosthesis, and (c) diffuse activity. These findings suggest that infection and loosening can be differentiated in many instances. None of the patients with focal activity had infection, compared to 2 of the 3 patients with diffuse uptake.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Equestrian injuries. Results of a prospective study.

In a prospective study involving 110 injured equestrians, there were no noteworthy correlations between age, sex, or experience of the amateur riders and injury occurrence. Tack failure caused several injuries. Among fox hunters the incidence was related only to frequency of hunts. The most common severe injury was to the head, associated with lack of headgear. Fewer than 20% of the 110 riders used a protective helmet. There were four renal contusions and one bladder laceration. The most frequent injuries were fractures of the upper extremities. Wearing a good-quality protective helmet and checking tack are important for injury prevention.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1978

An outbreak of bovine cysticercosis in California.

Approximately 4.75% of the animals sent to slaughter from a southern California feedlot during a 9-mo period were found to be infected with the cysticercus of Taenia saginata. An investigation of possible transmission sources revealed that the feedlot was the most likely site of infection. One feedlot worker was found to be infected with T. saginata, and the pen infection patterns and other physical relationships indicated that he was the source of infection. The following recommendations were made: 1) treatment of the infected worker; 2) education of employees as to the mode of transmission and personal hygienic practices; 3) addition of sanitary facilities; 4) maintenance of animal source and destination records; 5) inauguration of a surveillance program to include parasitologic examination of employees prior to employment and periodically thereafter; and 6) restriction of unauthorized personnel from critical areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of three treatments for fractures of the diaphysis of the femur.

Sixty-eight patients with fractured femurs were studied who, in terms of personal characteristics, associated injuries and type of fracture, could have been treated by intramedullary nailing or traction followed by the application of either a spica cast or fracture brace. Twenty-eight patients actually underwent intramedullary nailing, while 18 were treated with a spica cast and 22 with a fracture brace. Multiple outcome factors were studied and, based upon every comparison, intramedullary nailing was found superior. Among those patients treated by non-operative techniques, fracture bracing permitted earlier independent ambulation and increased the probability of normal knee motion at the conclusion of treatment.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1978

Survival and ambulation following hip fracture.

A retrospective analysis of the outcomes in 360 patients with fractures of the hip showed return to preinjury ambulatory status in 51 per cent. One year after injury 27 per cent of the patients had died and 22 per cent were non-ambulatory. For the first eight months after injury the death rate in the fracture population exceeded that of the population at large, while afterward it was the same. Factors that increased the probability of death and non-ambulation included advanced age, preoperative presence of cerebral dysfunction, and male sex.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Echocardiographic assessment of normal and abnormal valvular function in Beagle dogs.

Echocardiograms were obtained from 5 young Beagles (4 to 5 years of age) and from 4 old Beagles (12 to 14 years of age). Ultrasound surface transducers and esophageal transducers were used on all animals during anesthesia. Triplicate studies were performed on the 5 young Beagles over a 2-week period. The left atrioventricular valve and aortic root were identified by both procedures, whereas the right atrioventricular valve dynamics could be viewed with difficulty by the transcutaneous approach. Suitable recordings of the pulmonary valve were not obtainable with either technique. Abnormal left atrioventricular valve dynamics, characterized by a decreased closing velocity of the left atrioventricular septal cusp and increased valve thickness, were observed in 2 of the 4 aged dogs, using echocardiography. Excellent correlation between the 2 methods was evident, and minimal variation in results from one recording session to another occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Trabecular bone morphometry in beagles with chronic renal failure.

A morphometric study was performed on undecalcified sections of trabecular bone from the ribs of adult dogs that were controls (n = 8), or had various degrees of renal failure as a result of perinatal irradiation (n = 16). In a group identified as markedly uremic there was an increase in the proportion of surface with osteoid seams (P less than 0.01), osteoblasts (P less than 0.01) and osteoclastic resorption (P less than 0.01) as well as the % osteoid volume (P less than 0.01). Aside from a decrease in the % trabecular bone which was of unclear significance, the results agree well with those of similar studies in man. Within this group, 6 of the samples had a histologic pattern that was principally that of hyperarathyroidism and in the remaining 2 there was evidence of a mineralization defect and osteomalacic changes. These 2 dogs had the poorest renal function and one that had been biopsied 5 months earlier, when its renal function was less impaired, had had a hyperparathyroid pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Inverse effect of chronically elevated blood flow on atherogenesis in miniature swine.

The effect of chronically elevated blood flow on the development of atherosclerosis in miniature swine was studied. Fistulas connecting the right external iliac artery and vein were surgically created in four swine, while three were not fistulated. Pulsed Doppler velocity detection cuffs placed around the abdominal aorta and both iliac arteries of all pigs permitted chronic measurements of blood velocity, blood velocity distributions, and blood flow. All swine were fed an atherogenic diet consisting of 20% beef tallow, 3% cholesterol, and 5% cholic acid for 6 months. This diet elevated the serum cholesterol to values exceeding 500 mg/100 ml. Creation of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) markedly elevated blood velocity and flow in the abdominal aorta and in the shunted iliac artery. In the shunted animals the aortic blood flow was 42.1 +/- 2.0 ml/sec compared with 17.3 +/- 1.4 ml/sec in the unshunted swine. The velocity distribution pattern across the vessel was also indicative of an elevated wall shear stress. After 6 months, the animals were killed and the arterial vessels examined macroscopically and microscopically for the presence of atherosclerotic lesions. In the shunted pigs, 17 +/- 15% of the lumenal surface was occupied by sudanophilic lesions, whereas 80 +/- 8% of the surface was covered by lesions in the unshunted (control) pigs. From these studies, it is apparent that mechanical factors related to blood flow rates can influence the development of atherosclerotic lesions in swine.

Animals↗