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Biomedical subjects

C W Kim

Publications and source records attributed to C W Kim.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Complications of pediatric craniofacial surgery in the Orient: analysis of a 10-year experience.

Numerous reports on the complications of craniofacial surgery have been published in the western world. However, relatively little such information concerning Oriental populations has been documented. We therefore set out to provide a retrospective analysis of all the complications of craniofacial surgery encountered during the 10-year period of 1986 to 1995 at Seoul National University Children's Hospital, the only children's hospital in Korea. Forty-nine children underwent 57 consecutive craniofacial procedures at our institution during 1986 to 1995. A retrospective chart analysis of the frequency and types of complications was performed. Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests were then calculated for several factors, including age at surgery, duration of surgery, intraoperative losses of hemoglobin and hematocrit, total amount of blood transfusion, and the number of complications according to year, diagnosis, and operative procedure to find any significant correlation with the incidence of complications. Mortality was 1.8%. The major complication rate was 7.0% and included cases of visual loss and persistent cerebrospinal fluid leak. Analysis revealed the presence of several trends, including an increased incidence of complications with increased patient age at surgery, duration of surgery, and intraoperative loss of hematocrit. The number of complications was also noted to increase in cases with complex craniofacial synostosis syndromes (Crouzon's, Apert's Antley-Bixler, etc.) and tumors of the orbit and cranium. Finally, complications were noted to decrease in recent years, most likely due to the increased experience of our craniofacial team. Nevertheless, statistical analysis revealed that the incidence of complications correlated significantly only with increased duration of surgery (p < 0.05). The results of our study indicate that although craniofacial surgery in the Orient carries an inherent risk for significant complications, the risk can be minimized and the rate of mortality and major complications kept to an acceptable level by a careful and experienced craniofacial team. Groups at most risk for complications are those with a long duration of surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Milia en plaque associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

We report a woman with numerous milia occurring in a plaque-type distribution in the postauricular area, who has suffered from cutaneous pseudoxanthoma elasticum on both sides of the neck. Milia may arise primarily or may follow a number of dermatoses. We believe this is a unique case because milia en plaque coexisting with pseudoxanthoma elasticum does not appear to have been reported previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Enhanced anti-tumour effects of acriflavine in combination with guanosine in mice.

The anti-tumour activity of acriflavine in combination with guanosine has been evaluated in solid or ascitic tumour-implanted animal models. Guanosine is known to potentiate the anti-tumour effects of some chemotherapeutic agents. Administration of acriflavine (15 mg kg-1 day-1, i.m., 14 days) to ICR mice subcutaneously implanted with Ehrlich carcinoma resulted in approximately 30% inhibition in tumour growth. In contrast, minor tumour growth inhibition was observed in animals treated with guanosine at the same daily dose. Treatment of animals with both acriflavine and guanosine (AG60, 1:1, w/w) at 30 mg kg-1 resulted in approximately 65% inhibition in tumour growth rate. Whereas treatment with acriflavine or guanosine resulted in 70% or 30% decrease in tumour weight, respectively, treatment of tumour-implanted mice with AG60 (30 mg kg-1) resulted in a 96% decrease in tumour weight, relative to control, 14 days after tumour-cell implantation. Dose-related inhibition in tumour growth rate was also observed in animals treated with AG60, with maximum (65%) inhibition noted at a dose of 30 mg kg-1 (ED50 23 mg kg-1). Suppression of body weight increase and elevated plasma glucose levels by acriflavine or AG60 indicated that glucose utilization might be impaired. The anti-tumour effect of AG60 was also determined in CDF1 mice intraperitoneally implanted with Ehrlich ascitic tumour. Ehrlich ascitic tumour proliferation was completely suppressed by AG60 (30 mg kg-1, i.p.). Microscopic analyses of intraperitoneal touch-prints revealed that AG60 was more effective in suppressing tumour proliferation than acriflavine alone. Fluorescent microscopic examinations demonstrated that acriflavine avidly bound with Yac-1 cell plasma membrane, leading to morphological changes in the cells, such as bleb formations, swelling and ballooning. The time-related changes in tumour cell morphology by acriflavine or AG60 might represent energy depletion, followed by osmotic lysis as a result of cationic influx. Enhanced anti-tumour activity of acriflavine in combination with guanosine might be explained by the blocking of nutrient transport through selective acriflavine binding with plasma membrane and by concomitant guanosine perturbation of cellular ATP production. This study demonstrates that guanosine enhances the anti-tumour effects of acriflavine against a variety of cancer cells without serious adverse effects, providing a preclinical basis for potential application of this combination against cancer proliferation.

Acriflavine↗
PubMed1997

Enhancement of radiation-inducible hepatic glutathione-S-transferases Ya, Yb1, Yb2, Yc1, and Yc2 gene expression by oltipraz: possible role in radioprotection.

Previous studies have shown that radiation in combination with oltipraz enhances hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase expression. The effects of gamma-ray radiation exposure in combination with oltipraz on the expression of hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) subunits Ya, Yb1, Yb2, Yc1, and Yc2 were examined in the rat. Northern RNA blot analyses revealed that GST mRNA levels were altered in response to daily 3- or 0.5-Gy doses of radiation. The hepatic GST mRNA levels were transiently decreased at 3 and 8 hr after a single 3-Gy dose of radiation. The GST Ya, Yb1, Yb2, Yc1, and Yc2 mRNA levels were increased by 2-4-fold at 15 and 24 hr after irradiation with 3 Gy, followed by return to the levels of untreated rats at 48 hr after treatment. The treatment of animals with oltipraz alone resulted in dose-related increases in the GST Ya, Yb1, Yc1, and Yc2 mRNA levels, whereas Yb2 mRNA levels were, minimally increased. Although a single dose of oltipraz (30 mg/kg orally) caused a minimal 2-fold elevation in the hepatic GST Ya mRNA level, exposure of animals to both oltipraz and 3-Gy radiation resulted in a 4-fold relative increase in GST Ya mRNA level, indicating that the Ya mRNA expression was additively enhanced by the combination treatment. The Yb1/2 and Yc1/2 mRNA expressions were also enhanced by oltipraz in combination with radiation. Multiple exposure of rats to daily 0.5-Gy radiation caused time-related increases in GST gene expression. The greatest enhancement in GST expression was observed at 24 hr after a single 0.5-Gy dose of radiation in conjunction with oltipraz (e.g., a 9-fold relative increase in GST Ya), whereas the relative additive increases in GST mRNA were less pronounced at day 3 or 5 after treatment. These increases in the GST mRNA levels were consistent with those in the immunochemically detectable GST protein levels. Histopathological examinations revealed that exposure of rats to radiation (0.5 Gy/day for 3-5 days) caused mild-to-moderate hepatocyte degeneration with sinusoidal congestion, whereas oltipraz (30 mg/kg/day for 3 days) was effective in blocking the radiation-induced liver injury. The enhanced expression of these GST isoforms by oltipraz may be associated in part with its hepatoprotective effect against the injury caused by ionizing radiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Tumor necrosis factor beta is a major source of antibody-activated effector cells in the killing of virally infected target cells.

We have extended our previous work on cross-linking CD4 molecules using specific monoclonal-antibody-induced antigen-nonspecific major-histocompatibility-complex unrestricted killing by CD4+ T cells of virally infected target cells. The killing activity of antibody-activated CD4+ T cells was completely blocked by herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylmaleimide, a protein kinase C inhibitor. Herbimycin-A-treated human or bovine peripheral blood CD4+ T cells lacked PTK activity and failed to kill virally infected target cells even after cross-killing of CD4 molecules. The cross-linking of CD4 molecules failed to induce effector cell proliferation or the transcription of TNF-beta. The upregulation of TNF-beta was induced by incubating antibody-activated effector cells with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1)-infected D17 target cells for 10 h. Anti-TNF-beta antibody partially abolished (13-44%) direct effector-cell-mediated antiviral cytotoxicity. However, this antibody neutralized 70-100% of antiviral activity of effector and target cell culture supernatants against BHV-1-infected D17 cells. The inhibition level of the antiviral activity by the antibody was dependent on the effector:target cell ratio. These results support the hypothesis that increased p56lck enzyme activity in effector cells transduces a signal critical for effector cell recognition of viral glycoproteins expressed on the target cells. Following target cell recognition, lytic cytokines were produced that are known to participate in target cell killing. A better understanding of the killing activity displayed by CD4+ T lymphocytes following surface receptor cross-linking activity displayed by CD4+ T lymphocytes following surface receptor cross-linking will give insight into the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity directed toward virally infected cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Histopathological findings, viral DNA distribution and lymphocytic immunophenotypes in vesicular and papular types of herpes zoster.

The characteristics rash of herpes zoster begins as erythematous macules and papules, progressing to vesicles within 12-24 h. Patients with persistent papules without vesicular change are occasionally found. Our aim was to elucidate differences in vesicular and papular types of herpes zoster. Biopsy specimens from 21 patients were examined by an in situ hybridization method to observe viral distribution, and lymphocytic immunophenotypes were evaluated immunohistochemically. There was no differences in cell-mediated immunity or immunophenotypes in lymphocytic infiltrates between vesicular and papular types of herpes zoster. DNA of varicella-zoster virus was detected in the epidermis and hair follicles in the vesicular type but was found in the pilosebaceous unit in the papular type. This indicates that the appearance of clinical types of herpes zoster depends on the infected site of varicella-zoster virus in the tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Influence of pentobarbital-Na on stimulation-evoked catecholamine secretion in the perfused rat adrenal gland.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was attempted to investigate the effects of pentobarbital-Na, one of the barbiturates which are known to depress excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system at concentrations similar to those required for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia, on catecholamines (CA) secretion evoked by cholinergic stimulation and membrane-depolarization from the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland, and to clarify the mechanism of its action. METHODS: Mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with thiopenal-Na (40 mg/kg, s.c.). The adrenal gland was isolated by the methods of Wakade. A cannula used for perfusion of the adrenal gland was inserted into the distal end of the renal vein. The adrenal gland was carefully removed from the animal and placed on a platform of a leucite chamber. RESULTS: The perfusion of pentobarbital-Na(30-300 uM) into an adrenal vein for 20 min produced relatively dose-dependent inhibition in CA secretion evoked by ACh(5.32 mM), DMPP(100 uM for 1 min), McN-A-343(200 uM for 2 min), Bay-K-8644(10 uM) and high potassium(56 mM), while it did not affect the CA secretion of cyclopiazonic acid(10 uM). Also, in the presence of thiopental-Na (100 uM), CA secretory responses evoked by ACh, DMPP, McN-A-343 and high K+ were markedly depressed. Moreover, in adrenal glands preloaded with ketamine(100 uM for 20 min), which is known to be a dissociative anesthetic, CA secretion evoked by ACh, DMPP, McN-A-343 and high K+ were significantly attenuated. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these experimental results suggest that pentobarbital-Na depresses CA release evoked by both cholinergic stimulation and membrane-depolarization from the isolated rat adrenal medulla and that this inhibitory activity may be due to the result of the direct inhibition of Ca++ influx into the chromaffin cells without any effect on the calcium mobilization from the intracellular store.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1997

Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative eruption with progression to large granular lymphocytic leukaemia.

A 12-year-old Korean girl gave a 9-year history of recurrent necrotizing papules and vesicles on the face, scalp and extremities. Skin biopsy specimens showed an atypical lymphoreticular infiltrate with vasculitis in the dermis and subcutis. In situ hybridization demonstrated latent infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) of the lymphoid cells in the dermis. The disease was diagnosed as an EBV-associated lymphoproliferative skin eruption presenting as recurrent necrotic papulovesicles. The patient subsequently developed large granular lymphocytic leukaemia of natural killer cell origin. Our observations suggest that a patient with an EBV-associated lymphoproliferative skin eruption presenting with recurrent necrotic papulovesicles might progress to develop leukaemia as well as lymphoma.

Child↗
PubMed1996

T cell lymphoma in transgenic mice expressing the human Hsp70 gene.

In the course of studying the role of hsp70 in the differentiation of pancreatic beta cells, transgenic founder mice were generated with the human hsp70 gene fused to the human insulin gene promoter. One resulted in a transgenic line that consistently developed diabetes mellitus, but unexpectedly three other independent transgenic founders developed generalized malignant lymphoma within 10 months after birth. Immunochemical and RT-PCR analyses revealed that the transgene was expressed in the lymphoma cells. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the tumor was originated from T lymphocytes. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that hsp70 is involved in the tumorigenesis of T cells most likely through the blockage of apoptotic signals.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Molecular cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding a protein tyrosine phosphatase from mouse brain.

A mouse brain cDNA library was screened with a radioisotope-labeled probe of human placental protein tyrosine phosphatase. The isolated clone (MBPTP1B) was found to contain an open reading frame of 1,296 nucleotides as well as 5' (709 nucleotides) and 3' (341 nucleotides) non-coding regions. This cDNA encodes a PTP of 432 amino acids having a mass of 49,563 daltons and exhibiting 83% and 93.5% sequence identity to that of human PTP1B and rat PTP1, respectively. The expression of the cDNA in yeast was identified by western blot analysis and PTP activity assay.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Erythema induratum of Bazin.

BACKGROUND: There has been a long controversy about the tuberculous cause of erythema induratum, a chronic form of nodular vasculitis. METHOD: We investigated clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of patients with erythema induratum who showed positive tuberculin hypersensitivity reactions or had associated active tuberculosis. RESULTS: The ages of the 32 patients (M 7: W 25) ranged from 13 to 66 years (mean 36.6 years). All patients displayed recurrent crops of tender, painful, violaceous nodules or plaques. Most lesions presented on the legs, but they also occurred on thighs, feet, buttocks, and forearms. The skin lesions evolved for several weeks and healed with scarring and residual pigmentation. Twenty-two patients were treated with isoniazid alone and the remaining 10 patients received combinations of antituberculous drugs. Relapses were encountered in four patients who received isoniazid alone or stopped the medication against medical advice. In most biopsies, histologic examination revealed lobular or septolobular panniculitis with varying combinations of granulomatous inflammation, primary vasculitis, and necrosis. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed a preponderance of T lymphocytes, monocyte-macrophages, and Langerhans' cells, indicative of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction. CONCLUSION: Erythema induratum of Bazin has distinct clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features. Erythema induratum of Bazin should be considered as a separate entity of nodular vasculitis caused by latent foci of tuberculous infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in Wilms' tumor: a comparative study of pre- and post-chemotherapy specimens.

A total of 36 Wilms' tumors were immunohistochemically analyzed for proliferative (proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling) index (PI) with special reference to the effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the proliferative potential of tumors and differences in PI according to the histologic components (epithelial, blastemal and stromal). The cases were divided into two groups according to the status of chemotherapy at the time of surgical removal of the tumors. In group I (n = 12, cases with pre-operative chemotherapy), the mean PI +/- s.d. values of epithelial, blastemal and stromal types were 19.5 (n = 1), 10.1 +/- 5.28 (n = 8), and 16.2 +/- 13.49 (n = 3), respectively, and in group II (n = 24, cases without preoperative chemotherapy), 45.2 +/- 15.41 (n = 3), 28.5 +/- 16.92 (n = 10), and 23.2 +/- 4.45 (n = 2), respectively. The cases with mixed histology in group II (n = 9) had comparable PI values for each histologic component. The mean PI +/- s.d. was 12.1 +/- 7.76 in group I and 31.9 +/- 15.95 in group II. The PI value of group II was significantly higher than that of group I (P < 0.001). Alterations in the PI value following chemotherapy implied that the interpretation of tumor histology following chemotherapy should be more prudent because alteration of the PI, which reflects the proliferative potential of tumor cells, suggests modified biology of viable cells in pretreated cases as a consequence of chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma of the pancreas--a case report.

A case of pancreatic carcinoma with both acinar and endocrine features is presented. The patient was a 52-year-old female presenting with jaundice of 3 weeks' duration. The tumor was a 6 x 6 cm-sized round solid mass in the head of pancreas, invading the superior mesenteric vein. Histologically, it was composed of monotonous ovoid cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm in solid nests and sheets with occasional acinar and glandular differentiation. Immunohistochemical study revealed coexpression of acinar and endocrine markers; amylase, chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, glucagon, somatostatin, and gastrin in tumor cells. This is the first documented case of mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma of the pancreas in Korea, and its amphicrine nature reflects a close histogenetic relationship between pancreatic exocrine and endocrine cells.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1996

Primary malignant lymphomas of the stomach. Pathological and clinical analyses of 38 resected cases.

The stomach is the most frequent site of extranodal lymphoma and primary gastric lymphoma might be distinguished from the nodal lymphoma by its different pathogenesis and prognosis. Based on the Isaacson's classification, clinico-pathologic reviews of 38 resected primary gastric lymphomas were done. Immunohistochemical stainings for PCNA, B and T cell markers, bcl-2 and p53 were performed. Eighteen were of low grade and 20 were of high grade. There were significant differences between low and high graders in the aspect of the size, depth of lesion, gross type, immunophenotype, staining intensity for PCNA, expressions of bcl-2 and p53. The overall 2-year survival rate was 85.3%. Factors with prognostic significance on survival by univariate analyses included immunophenotype, histologic grading and PCNA staining pattern. After multivariate analyses, immunophenotype proved to be a significant factor. We think that the histologic grading by Isaacson's classification and the immunohistochemical stainings performed were useful in pathologic and/or clinical aspects. The excellent survival rate in this study was partly due to the selection of resectable cases. However, earlier diagnosis and appropriate treatment might have contributed to the improved prognosis of gastric lymphoma in recent years.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

An Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative lesion of the skin presenting as recurrent necrotic papulovesicles of the face.

We describe four patients with lymphoproliferative lesions confined to the skin for several years. They presented with recurrent necrotic papulovesicles of the face. Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was detected in the lymphoid cells from the skin lesions by in situ hybridization. The disease in three patients progressed to T-cell lymphoma. We believe that these patients represent a subset of peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a tendency to localize in the skin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A novel T-cell differentiation antigen expressed in immature human thymocytes and neuroglial cells.

We report a novel human thymocyte differentiation antigen ICT-1 with a molecular weight of 49 kDa that is noncovalently associated with another 12-kDa protein. The ICT-1 antigen is expressed in 50-70% of total thymocytes, but not in resting or PHA-activated peripheral blood T-cells and bone marrow cells. The thymocytes expressing ICT-1 antigen appear after the 18th week of gestation during fetal development. Since the distribution pattern of the ICT-1 antigen within thymus partly overlaps with that of the CD1 antigens, we investigated whether ICT-1 was one of the CD1 antigen family. However, the failure of anti-ICT-1 antibody to react with mouse L cells transfected with cDNA of CD1a, -b, and -c and the different histologic distribution patterns from that of CD1d strongly suggest that the anti-ICT-1 antibody recognizes an antigen distinct from CD1. Furthermore, ICT-1 is also expressed in human neuroglial cells such as oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma multiforme, Ewing's sarcoma, and cerebellar astrocyte. Hence we believe that the ICT-1 antigen may be a novel thymus-leukemia (TL) antigen or a nonclassical MHC class I antigen.

Animals↗