To investigate the efficacy in anti-HBsAg response with half the recommended adult dose in a standard vaccination schedule or with a full dose in reduced number of vaccination schedule, 201 healthy newborn infants were randomized to receive either 2.5 micrograms Hevac B vaccine at birth [1, 2 and 14 months in Group I (101)] or 5 micrograms at birth [2 and 14 months in Group II (100)]. Anti-HBsAg responses in the two groups were compared. Passively acquired anti-HBsAg positivity rates at birth were 51.5 and 45.0% in Groups I and II, respectively. Cumulative anti-HBsAg seroconversion rates in Group I were 12.2, 76.6, 82.6 and 86.4% at 2, 4, 14 and 16 months, while the rates in Group II were 2.5, 62.5, 73.7 and 91.0%, showing no significant difference (p greater than 0.05). Significant difference in seroconversion rates at the 2-month follow-up stage between passively acquired anti-HBsAg-negative and -positive groups was observed (11.9 vs. 2.6%). Significant rise in anti-HBsAg titer at 16 months following the booster at 14 months was noted: 36.4 mIU per ml before, 546.4 mIU per ml after in Group I and 25.3 mIU per ml before, 782.6 mIU per ml after in Group II. The booster, 12 months after the primary vaccination series, is therefore considered imperative for maximum effectiveness of hepatitis B active immunization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma of the liver: sonography, CT, angiography, and iodized-oil CT with pathologic correlation.

To evaluate the characteristics of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma of the liver by imaging techniques, six patients (five male and one female), aged 46-60 years, with proved combined tumors were selected for this study from the review of 500 resected specimens of liver tumors. Images obtained from sonography, computed tomography (CT), angiography, and CT after intraarterial injection of iodized oil (iodized-oil CT) were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with the appearance of pathologic specimens. Sonographic findings were round or ovoid hypoechoic masses with central hyperechoic area (target appearance) in all patients. On CT scans, tumors were relatively well-defined low-and/or iso-attenuation masses in all patients. Angiography showed hypovascular masses in five patients. In one patient, the tumor appeared as a hypovascular mass with a central hypervascular area. On iodized-oil CT scans, all patients showed partial retention of iodized oil in tumors. Echogenicity in tumors at sonography or attenuation in tumors at CT could not be correlated with histologic difference in tumors at pathologic specimens. However, the hypervascular area at angiography and the compact retention areas of iodized oil at iodized-oil CT corresponded to portions of hepatocellular carcinoma within the combined tumor. On the basis of our results, imaging features, including target appearance at sonography, hypovascular mass with central hypervascular portions at angiography, and partial retention of iodized oil in tumors at iodized-oil CT, might be helpful in making accurate diagnosis of these rare tumors.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Solitary mastocytoma on the palm.

We report a solitary mastocytoma with a recurrent tense bulla on the palm of a 4-month-old male infant. Histologically there were numerous mast cells infiltrating the dermis. The bulla subsided without treatment in 2 weeks, remaining an oval reddish patch. The present case shows that solitary mastocytoma can occur on the palm, but to our knowledge, this site is unusual.

Hand Dermatoses↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Korea.

This study was designed to estimate the prevalence and personal or family history of atopic dermatitis in school children in 3 areas of Korea: urban (Seoul), industrial (Ulsan) and rural (Chunchon). On the basis of dermatologists' physical examinations and the questionnaires completed by parents or guardians, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis was estimated to be 3.3% in the industrial area, 6.6% in the rural area and 7.8% in the urban area. The frequency of atopic dermatitis decreased with age and was significantly lower in the industrial area than in the rural and urban areas.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CT findings of lobar bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

The CT findings in a case of lobar bronchioloalveolar carcinoma included stretching, spreading, and uniform narrowing of the involved bronchi without obstruction.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An explanation of renal hemodynamics in acute renal failure based on sequential CT in patients with Korean hemorrhagic fever.

The pattern of renal enhancement and washout of contrast medium was observed on sequential follow-up CT in 12 patients with Korean hemorrhagic fever, in which acute renal failure is one of the most important clinical features. Renal contrast enhancement and contrast medium washout were delayed longer in patients with severe oliguric renal failure. The delayed washout peaked at 4-5 days and did not return to normal until 8-9 days in the patients with severe oliguria; in the patients without severe oliguria the times were 1-2 days and 3-4 days, respectively. A characteristic "cart-wheel" pattern was observed during the washout stage in patients without severe oliguria. This "cart-wheel" pattern of washout is thought to result from relief of vasoconstriction and repair of tubular function. Multifocal "wedge-shaped" nonenhanced areas of the kidney, seen on the 2 week follow-up postcontrast CT, are thought to be ischemic zones due to persistent vasoconstriction. On the 6 week follow-up postcontrast CT in one patient, scarring of the kidney was detected in the same area that did not enhance on the 2 week CT. This scarring is thought to be a result of permanent vasoconstriction.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CT manifestations of tracheobronchial involvement in relapsing polychondritis.

Two patients with relapsing polychondritis presented with tracheobronchial stenosis without clinical manifestation of nasal septum or ear lobe cartilage involvement. The CT findings included diffuse, smooth tracheobronchial wall thickening with narrowing and deformity of the lumen. Areas of dense calcium deposition within the thickened tracheal cartilage were seen. On follow-up after steroid medication, tracheobronchial wall thickening was decreased and the configuration of the tracheal lumen returned to normal.

Bronchi↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of esophagomediastinal fistula in tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis.

The CT findings are described in five patients with esophagomediastinal fistula due to tuberculous lymphadenitis. In all five patients periesophageal amorphous gas collections were found along with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. In four patients esophagograms demonstrated the fistulas. All fistulas closed with antituberculous therapy alone. The presence of periesophageal gas in patients with tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis suggests esophago-nodal fistula. The treatment of choice is antituberculous therapy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CT anatomy of the lingular segmental bronchi.

Thin-section CT scans were performed in 40 patients to demonstrate the normal appearance of the lingular division (LD) bronchus and its segmental and subsegmental bronchi and to search out the possible anatomical landmark dividing the anterior segment and LD of the left upper lobe. The LD bronchus was identified in all patients. The complete branching pattern of the lingular segmental and subsegmental bronchi could be traced in 19 (47.5%) patients. Since the lower branch of the draining vein of the anterior segment of the left upper lobe (V3b) runs horizontally between the anterior segment and the LD of the left upper lobe, it is a good landmark dividing the anterior segment and LD of the left upper lobe. Familiarity with thin-section CT anatomy of the lingular segmental and subsegmental bronchi and surrounding vascular structures is helpful in identifying the lingular bronchial tree precisely and localizing a lesion in the left upper lobe correctly.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CT and US findings of pancreatoblastoma.

PURPOSE: Our goal was to evaluate US and CT findings of pancreatoblastoma. METHOD: Three US and four CT scans before surgery and one follow-up CT after surgery were reviewed in four patients (two female, two male) with pathologically proven pancreatoblastoma. The mean age of the patients was 4 years (range 2-5 years). The masses were analyzed for origin, US and CT architecture, presence of calcification, enhancement pattern, and metastatic spread. RESULTS: In two patients, the tumors arose from the pancreatic head and in one patient from the pancreatic tail. The mean largest diameter of the masses was 10 cm, ranging from 5 to 14 cm. Sonography obtained from three cases showed mixed echogenic solid mass. On the CT scan, all tumors were huge, lobulated masses with heterogeneous attenuation. One tumor contained numerous foci of calcification. On the enhanced CT scan, three tumors showed multiloculated appearance by enhancing internal septations. There was no evidence of metastasis to distant organ or abdominal lymph node in any case. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the most common US finding of pancreatoblastoma is a mixed echogenic, solid mass inseparable from the pancreas, and the most common CT finding is a relatively well defined, lobulated, huge mass with multiloculated appearance by enhancing septae in or near the lesser sac.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Near drowning: thin-section CT findings in six patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the thin-section CT findings of near drowning in six patients. METHOD: Thin-section (1 mm collimation) CT scans of six patients who experienced near drowning were retrospectively analyzed. The CT scans were performed 0-5 days (median 1 day) after near drowning. RESULTS: Thin-section CT findings included bilateral patchy or diffuse areas of ground-glass attenuation (n = 6) with geographic pattern (n = 3) and fine intralobular reticular opacities ("crazy-paving" appearance) (n = 3), ill-defined centrilobular nodules (n = 4), and air-space consolidation (n = 1). Distribution of ground-glass attenuation was predominantly central (n = 4) or diffuse (n = 2). Interstitial pulmonary emphysema and pneumomediastinum were present in two patients. CONCLUSION: The thin-section CT findings of near drowning consist of ground-glass opacities with or without associated reticular opacities and centrilobular nodules.

Adolescent↗