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Biomedical subjects

C W Callaway

Publications and source records attributed to C W Callaway.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Marine fish oils: role in prevention of coronary artery disease.

Since the early 1970s, investigators have been interested in the relationship between dietary marine fish oils and plasma lipoproteins. Previous studies have shown that consumption of a diet rich in marine fatty acids results in altered lipid profiles, prolonged bleeding times, reduced platelet aggregation, and decreased blood pressure, but the precise mechanisms of action must be examined further. These findings, however, have led to the conclusion that dietary marine fish oils may be of benefit in the prevention of coronary artery disease. Before specific recommendations can be made about their general use, further studies of their long-term efficacy and toxicity must be conducted.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Vertical gastroplasty for morbid obesity: clinical experience.

Our objective was to develop an operation for morbid obesity that would be simple, safe, and effective and yet have few long-term adverse physiologic effects. Vertical gastroplasty was chosen. A small proximal gastric pouch was fashioned by stapling vertically beginning 5 cm distal to the cardia along the lesser curvature of the stomach and ending just lateral to the esophagogastric junction along the greater curvature. A 1.1-cm channel through the staple line was left near the lesser curvature of the stomach. No gastric incisions, enterostomies, or anastomoses were necessary. Among 57 patients (with a mean +/- SEM preoperative weight of 136 +/- 4.5 kg) operated on since January 1981, no deaths occurred and no gastric reoperations were done. The hospital stay was short (mean, 9 days). In 32 patients who were followed up for 1 year or longer, the mean percentage of excess weight lost was 39% at 6 months, 43% at 12 months, and 34% at 24 months. Two patients had disruption of the staple line and regained weight by 24 months postoperatively. Channel stenosis occurred within 6 months after operation in seven patients, all of whom were managed successfully with endoscopic dilation. We conclude that vertical gastroplasty is a simple, safe operation for morbid obesity with few adverse sequelae, but the percentage of excess weight lost during a 1- to 4-year follow-up exceeded 50% in only 31% of our patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

D-Lactic acidosis and encephalopathy after jejunoileostomy: response to overfeeding and to fasting in humans.

Two patients with recurring attacks of encephalopathy after jejunoileostomy for morbid obesity had elevated D-lactate concentrations in blood and urine. The syndrome and the biochemical abnormalities were reproduced by ingestion of a high carbohydrate diet. In the second case, fasting and intravenous supplementation with amino acids and glucose resulted in the disappearance of D-lactate from the urine and blood and amelioration of the symptoms. Stool cultures from the second patient were shown to be capable of producing D-lactate, and concentrations of D-lactate in saline and peptone yeast broth filtrates of the stool paralleled the changes in urinary excretion of the D-lactate during fasting and overfeeding. Thus, we have demonstrated a temporal relationship between the neurologic symptoms and the elevated concentrations of D-lactate in blood, urine, and stool. Whether D-lactate accounts for part or all of the encephalopathic changes remains to be determined.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1984

National Nutrition Monitoring System.

This issue contains three articles and two related reports on the National Nutrition Monitoring System (NNMS), an umbrella designation for a variety of activities carried out primarily by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Uses of NNMS data are legion; some examples are provided. Full exploitation of NNMS data has been hampered by lack of coordination, delays in processing, and limited understanding on the part of the nutrition community. There has been recent progress in coordinating NNMS activities. Improved understanding among members of the nutrition community will require continued educational efforts.

Diet Surveys↗
PubMed1980

Pseudoinsulinoma syndrome from inadvertent tolazamide ingestion.

A 70-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis presented with fasting hypoglycemia, inappropriately elevated insulin and C-peptide levels, and negative insulin antibodies, all compatible with the diagnosis of an insulinoma. However, results of a 72-hour fast were subsequently negative. Medication identification revealed that the patient had been taking tolazamide (Tolinase; The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan) instead of tolmetin (Tolectin; McNeil Laboratories, Inc., Fort Washington, Pennsylvania).

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physician interpretation and quantitative measures of electrocardiographic ventricular fibrillation waveform.

OBJECTIVES: The characteristics of the ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform may influence treatment decisions and the likelihood of therapeutic success. However, assessment of VF as being fine or coarse and the distinction between fine VF and asystole are largely subjective. The authors sought to determine the level of agreement among physicians for interpretation of varying VF waveforms, and to compare these subjective interpretations with quantitative measures. METHODS: Six-second segments of waveform from LIFEPAK 300 units were collected. Fifty segments, including 45 VF and five ventricular tachycardia (VT) distracters, were graphed to simulate rhythm strips. These waveforms were quantitatively described using scaling exponent, root-mean-squared amplitude, and centroid frequency. Thirty-two emergency medicine residents were asked to interpret the arrhythmias as VT, "coarse" VF, "fine" VF, or asystole. Their responses were compared with the qantitative measures. Interphysician agreement was assessed with the kappa statistic. RESULTS: One thousand four hundred forty interpretations were analyzed. There was fair agreement between physicians about the classification of arrhythmias (kappa = 0.39). Mean values associated with coarse VF, fine VF, and asystole differed in all three quantitative measure categories. The decision whether to defibrillate was highly correlated with the distinction between VF and asystole (Pearson chi-square = 1,170.40, df = 1, p[two-sided] < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: With only fair agreement on the threshold of fine VF and asystole, defibrillation decisions are largely subjective and caregiver-specific. These data suggest that quantitative measures of the VF waveform could augment the current standard of subjective classification of VF by emergency care providers.

Analysis of Variance↗