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Biomedical subjects

C Vial

Publications and source records attributed to C Vial.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Carpal tunnel syndrome. Clinical and electrophysiologic aspects].

After a short pathophysiological review of what is known about the compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel, the symptoms and clinical features of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are discussed. Causes and disorders associated with CTS are then reviewed. The usefulness of electrophysiological tests and procedures are discussed in a comprehensive overview and a strategy for the electrodiagnosis of CTS is proposed in mild or atypical cases.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Neurophysiological explorations in cervicobrachial neuralgia.

The various electrophysiological techniques which can be used in cervicobrachial neuralgia and their respective advantages and limitations are described. Beside the conventional electromyography and electrostimulation techniques, the indications for radicular motor and somesthetic evoked potentials are discussed.

Brachial Plexus Neuritis↗
PubMed1992

[Lambert-Eaton syndrome: clinical and electrophysiological study of 18 cases associated with lung cancer].

The clinical and electrophysiological data of 18 consecutive adult patients with paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LMES) have been reviewed. The cancer associated with LEMS was small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) in 15 cases and epidermoid lung carcinoma in 3 cases. The main clinical neurological features were proximal lower limb weakness (100%), depressed tendon reflexes (94%) and dryness of the mouth (66%). The results of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) were not statistically different in the paraneoplastic LEMS group and in a group of 6 LMS patients in whom no carcinoma had been detected. Low-amplitude compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was present in all cases; decremental response at low stimulation rates was present in 13/15 cases. An abnormal incremental response at high stimulation rates was observed in all cases. A close correlation between CMAP amplitude and clinical condition was found in 4 cases during the long-term follow-up. In one patient the RNS electrical pattern could be misinterpreted as myasthenia gravis in only one muscle tested. We underline the usefulness of a 50 Hz stimulation during 4 seconds to establish the diagnosis unequivocally, and that of post-exercise facilitation in routine detection among an SCLC population. Our results suggest that CAMP amplitude and RNS test could be used to evaluate the short-term improvement of LMS under treatment and, in some cases, for the long-term follow-up. The infraclinical axonal neuropathy detected in 8 patients probably was another associated autoimmune paraneoplastic complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Unilateral scapulohumeral amyotrophy. Contribution of imaging].

A case of right scapulohumeral muscular atrophy stable after a 6 month progressive course is reported. Cervical metrizamide CT and MRI showed a flattened right cervical spinal cord regarded as a segmental atrophy. The case could belong to the Kaeser type of sporadic chronic spinal amyotrophy, or perhaps corresponds to a benign focal amyotrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Myasthenia gravis in childhood and infancy. Usefulness of electrophysiologic studies.

The diagnostic yield of electrodiagnostic tests was evaluated in 21 children with myasthenia gravis (MG). Twelve children had juvenile autoimmune MG, four had neonatal MG, four had congenital MG, and one had MG with arthrogryposis. Repetitive stimulation (RS) of the ulnar nerve was performed in every patient, sometimes with sensitization by ischemia. When the RS test was negative, the spinal or facial nerve was tested. In the group with neonatal MG, the RS test disclosed a significant decrement in 75% of the patients. Among the 17 other children, the overall percentage of positive RS tests was 88%. An ulnar nerve RS test was positive in 41% of them. Sensitization of ulnar nerve RS by ischemia improved the diagnostic yield to 66%. A spinal or facial nerve RS test was positive in seven of 10 patients. These results confirmed the diagnostic value of RS, with sensitization by ischemia, when necessary, in childhood MG whenever a careful technique is provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Sequential electrodiagnostic evaluation of diabetic neuropathy after combined pancreatic and renal transplantation.

To assess the long-term evolution of diabetic polyneuropathy after a combined kidney-pancreas transplant, an electrophysiological study was performed in 20 diabetic patients before transplant, and 1 (n = 18), 2 (n = 16), 3 (n = 10) and 4 years (n = 5) at a later date. Motor and sensory scores were calculated for conduction velocity and amplitude to determine the physiopathological process. During evolution the scores were not found to be decreasing. Motor and sensory velocity scores were significantly improved (p less than 0.05) 1 and 2 years after the graft, when score values tended to stabilize. Motor and sensory amplitude scores, which are more sensitive for axonal loss assessment were slightly but not significantly improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunological determination of the oligomeric form of mitochondrial creatine kinase in situ.

Whereas factors governing the interconversion of the two oligomeric forms of mitochondrial creatine kinase are relatively well known, few informations are yet available on the actual form in situ. Antibodies against purified pig and rabbit heart mitochondrial creatine kinase were obtained. The former exhibits a marked specificity for the dimer while the second reacts with both dimer and octamer. They allowed to demonstrate that no dimer can be detected in mitochondria and that CKm occurs naturally exclusively as an octamer. We present arguments that the larger part, if not the totality, of the octamer is membrane-bound rather than soluble in the intermembrane space. However, these findings do not refute the previously proposed models for the regulation of CKm activity in the mitochondrion but urge to envisage a more complex one.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Myopathic evolution of an exertional muscle pain syndrome with phosphorylase b kinase deficiency.

The symptoms of a myopathy permanently affecting limb girdle muscles are reported in a 31-year-old woman who has been presenting an exertional muscle pain syndrome with myoglobinuria for 20 years. Investigations revealed a slightly decreased utilization of glycogen in muscle, while its storage affected only rare type 2 fibers. Active phosphorylase was undetectable and phosphorylase b kinase activity was clearly decreased in muscle cells, but normal in erythocytes, lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical validation of antidromic stimulation of the ring finger in early electrodiagnosis of mild carpal tunnel syndrome.

Median and ulnar sensory distal latencies were measured antidromically on the fourth finger in 158 patients (224 hands) with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), in 60 normal subjects (100 hands), and in 30 patients (30 hands) who suffered from paresthesiae due to a cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). The difference between these 2 latencies was less than 0.4 msec in all normals and patients with CSR, while in all of the patients with CTS it was more than 0.5 msec. Median sensory nerve conduction was significantly slower for the fourth than for the second finger in the CTS group, but not in controls. The difference between median and ulnar sensory distal latencies on the fourth finger proved to be the most sensitive of the tested parameters and was the only abnormal one in 20% of the clinically affected hands. The ring finger technique is a quick and easy procedure, which should be recommended in the early diagnosis of mild CTS.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Neck pain and isolated torticollis revealing neurologic lesions].

Neck pain and torticollis are very common symptoms, but they may reveal an intracranial or cervical neurological disease. Such diseases are easily diagnosed when these two symptoms are associated with others, but in some rare cases, and especially when it is isolated, torticollis may be mistaken for common neck pain. This is what happened in 21 cases and in some patients the neurological disease had been present for a very long time before it was diagnosed. Prior to admission, most patients were treated with massages, cervical collar or manipulations which sometimes resulted in deterioration. A search for atypical features of neck pain and torticollis should avoid delays in diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical and metabolic evaluation of myocardial protection by oxygenated cardioplegia (Hamburg solution) in multiple coronary bypass surgery or polyvalvular replacement].

Myocardial protection by the Hamburg oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegic solution was evaluated. A prospective metabolic study was conducted by measuring the myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) contents by enzymatic techniques in 30 coronary bypass patients with a mean of 3.5 (+/- 0.9) aorto-coronary bypass grafts. Mean aortic cross clamp time was 48.4 (+/- 9.8) min. Myocardial samples were obtained from the left anterolateral ventricular wall: 1 = before CPB, 2 = before aortic cross clamp removal, 3 = 10 min following reperfusion. During ischemia, there was no statistically significant decrease in myocardial ATP contents [3.26 (+/- 0.82) vs 3.01 (+/- 0.92) mumol/g of frozen weight]; in contrast myocardial CP contents decreased significantly [2.71 (+/- 1.44) vs 1.87 (+/- 1.19) mumol/g; p = 0.01]. Following 10 min of reperfusion, the mean ATP level [2.96 (+/- 0.84) mumol/g] was 90% of the preischemic value, and myocardial CP levels (2.32 (+/- 0.92) mumol/g] increased to 85% of preischemic levels. Spontaneous myocardial defibrillation was observed in 93.3% of cases. Early postischemic myocardial function was studied in 228 cardiac operations using the same myocardial protection. 48 patients underwent multiple valve replacement (MUVR), and 180 patients had 4 or more aorto-coronary bypass grafts (CABG). Spontaneous myocardial defibrillation was observed in 90.3% of all; cases; mean CPB time after aortic cross clamp removal was 10.3 (+/- 8) min. Cardiac index by Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter were measured just before cardiopulmonary bypass and one and twelve hours later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1989

Isoelectric point heterogeneity of the two oligomeric forms of heart mitochondrial creatine kinase.

Rabbit heart mitochondrial creatine kinase has been recently shown to exist in two oligomeric forms: a dimer and an octamer, the latter being the form associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane [(1988) Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun. 153,1310.]. We report here on the determination of the isoelectric points (pI) of the two purified forms by thin layer isoelectric focusing. The pI of the dimer is 8.2 and that of the octamer is 8.8; the former is higher by more than one pH unit than that of the cytoplasmic form MM-CK. It is proposed that the higher pI of the octamer is responsible for its binding to the inner membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The radiation inactivation method provides evidence that membrane-bound mitochondrial creatine kinase is an oligomer.

Lyophilized suspensions of rabbit heart mitochondria have been irradiated with varying doses of gamma rays. Mitochondrial creatine kinase activity was inactivated exponentially with a radiation inactivation size of 352 or 377 kDa depending upon the initial medium. These values are in good agreement with the molecular mass previously deduced from by permeation experiments: 357 kDa. This is the first direct evidence showing that the native form of mitochondrial creatine kinase is associated to the inner membrane as an oligomer, very likely an octamer.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Ovine placental perfusion balance: effect of marijuana smoke.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that maternal marijuana smoking impairs placental oxygen transfer in late ovine pregnancy by disrupting perfusion balance between the maternal and fetal placental circulations. Placental hemodynamics were assessed in nine chronically prepared ewes 1 hour after exposure to smoke from either a marijuana (n = 5) or a placebo (n = 4) cigarette. When compared with placebo smoke, maternal marijuana smoke exposure resulted in a fall in both uterine and umbilical placental vascular resistance and a 30% improvement in placental perfusion balance at a cotyledonary level. We conclude that maternal marijuana smoking in late ovine pregnancy has a direct relaxant effect on both maternal and fetal placental vascular smooth muscles that decreases the normal heterogeneity of flow and improves macroscopic placental perfusion balance. However, the observed concurrent 6 torr decrease in fetal oxygen tension suggests that perfusion balance is actually disrupted at a microcirculatory level.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Peripheral neuropathies simulating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in gammopathies].

Particular clinical pictures of ALS may occur during the course of some "benign gammapathies". We observed 12 patients (age range 57 to 74 years; 9 men-3 women) with initially benign gammapathy (9 IgG, 1 IgA, 2 IgM) associated to a clinical picture of progressive anterior horn and pyramidal tract involvement. These cases led us to recognize some particularities of gammapathy-associated ALS: Relative frequency of asymmetrical clinical manifestations, rarity of bulbar signs; Decrease of sensory nerve conduction velocities without evidence of sensory clinical symptoms (8 out 9); Increase CSF protein content including the monoclonal component, axonal degeneration and immunostaining evidence of the paraprotein fixation observed on nerve biopsies (5 out 7 cases). Association of ALS and gammapathy is not fortuitous as shown by epidemiology, experiments, pathology and effects of different immunological treatments as related in this study. Demonstration of infra-clinical neuropathy face to a clinical syndrome of ALS should prompt too careful screening for a gammapathy.

Aged↗