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Biomedical subjects

C Vaille

Publications and source records attributed to C Vaille.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Loperamide-induced inhibition of pancreatic secretion in rats.

The effects of loperamide on exocrine pancreatic secretion were studied in rats fitted with chronic or acute fistulas. Intraduodenal injection of loperamide in conscious rats resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of basal pancreatic secretion involving volume and bicarbonate and protein output with an ED50 of about 0.5 mg/kg. The maximal inhibition observed was about 60% for volume and bicarbonate output and 90% for protein output. Loperamide induced an inhibition of pancreatic secretion in conscious rats that was naloxone-sensitive and persisted in cimetidine-treated rats. Thus, it did not depend on modifications of gastric secretion. In anaesthetized rats, loperamide did not inhibit the pancreatic secretion evoked by agents acting directly on the pancreatic cells (acetylcholine, secretin, CCK) but it inhibited by 100% the pancreatic secretion induced by vagal electrical stimulation (VES) and by 80-100% that induced by 5 thio-glucose, a centrally acting vagal stimulatory agent. Loperamide inhibition of VES-induced pancreatic secretion was different from that obtained with morphine or methadone since these opiate drugs could only inhibit by 50-60% maximally the VES-stimulated pancreatic secretion. The loperamide inhibition of VES-induced secretion was naloxone-insensitive, while loperamide inhibition of 5 thio-glucose-induced secretion was in part naloxone-sensitive. These results suggest that loperamide exerts a potent inhibition of pancreatic secretion by acting on the nerve supply to the pancreas through both opiate and non-opiate mechanisms.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

Modulation of stimulated pancreatic secretion by sympathomimetic amines in the rat.

Pancreatic secretion in anesthetized rats with acute fistulas was provoked by caerulein, acetylcholine, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves or by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). Venous infusions of norepinephrine, isoprenaline or dopamine inhibited the 2-DG-stimulated enzyme secretion but not that provoked by caerulein, acetylcholine or vagal electrical stimulation. Intracerebroventricular administration of norepinephrine or isoprenaline also inhibited 2-DG-stimulated enzyme secretion. It was confirmed that the amines stimulated water and electrolyte secretion by the pancreas in the order of potency isoprenaline greater than norepinephrine greater than dopamine. The results are consistent with a model whereby norepinephrine and isoprenaline exert their effect on pancreatic secretion via a central inhibition of vagal drive to the pancreas, together with a direct stimulating effect on water and electrolyte secretion at the level of pancreatic cells.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

Drug CRL 40 028-induced inhibition of pancreatic secretion in rats.

The drug CRL 40 028 increases spontaneous motility through an action on central adrenergic receptors. The effects of this drug have been tested in rats on the external pancreatic secretion induced by secretin, CCK, acetylcholine, vagal electrical stimulation or 2 deoxy-D-glucose. CRL 40 028 had no effect on basal secretion nor on secretion stimulated by agents acting directly on pancreatic secretory cells (secretin, CCK, acetylcholine), but decreased significantly secretion induced by central or peripheral stimulation of the vagus nerves. CRL 40 028-induced inhibition of 2 DG effect was reduced by yohimbine, suggesting a participation of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the action of CRL 40 028 on the exocrine pancreas secretion of rats.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1982

Methadone inhibition of vagally induced pancreatic and gastric secretions in rats: central and peripheral sites of action.

Pancreatic and gastric secretions after stimulation with acetylcholine, electrical vagal stimulation or 2-deoxyglucose injection were studied in anesthetized rats. The effects of methadone on these secretions were investigated. Maximal stimulation of pancreatic secretion by acetylcholine was not affected by methadone. Gastric acid stimulation by acetylcholine was only slightly decreased by methadone (30% or less). Electrical vagal stimulation of pancreatic and gastric secretions was progressively and dose-dependently decreased to a maximum of 50% by methadone. Maximal stimulation of pancreatic and gastric secretions by 2-deoxyglucose was completely suppressed by methadone with an ID50 of about 1 mg/kg and an ID100 of about 2.5 mg/kg for both secretions. It is concluded that methadone inhibits vagal stimulation of digestive secretions by acting both centrally and peripherally (probably by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from vagal fibers). The central mechanism appears to be more important, since it occurs with lower doses and can produce complete suppression of secretion.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1981

Clonidine inhibition of pancreatic secretion in rats: a possible central site of action.

The effects of clonidine on pancreatic secretion were studied in rats fitted with chronic or acute fistulas. Subcutaneous and intracerebroventricular injections of clonidine in conscious rats induced a dose-dependent inhibition of basal pancreatic secretion involving volume, bicarbonate output and protein output with an ED50 of about 10 micrograms/kg. Clonidine inhibition of pancreatic secretion was not dependent on the associated inhibition of gastric acid output. In conscious rats, the pancreatic inhibitory effect of clonidine was completely antagonized by yohimbine and slightly by piperoxane and prazosin. Propranolol, mianserin, naloxone and cimetidine did not antagonize the clonidine effect. Clonidine decreased the basal pancreatic secretion in anaesthetized rats and this action was completely reversed by yohimbine. Clonidine inhibited the pancreatic secretion stimulated by 2-deoxyglucose. This effect was reversed by yohimbine, while prazosin had no effect. Clonidine did not inhibit the pancreatic secretion induced by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves. These results suggest that clonidine inhibition of pancreatic secretion is mediated through alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, and at least in part by a central nervous system mechanism. Yohimbine alone increased basal pancreatic secretion in conscious rats. This suggests that alpha 2-adrenergic receptors might be involved in the physiological nerve tone to the pancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Central inhibition of basal pancreatic and gastric secretions by beta-endorphin in rats.

The effects of intracerebroventricular injections of synthetic ovine beta-endorphin were tested in conscious rats with gastric and pancreatic fistulas. In the range of 0.8 to 25 microgram injected in the third ventricle of the brain, basal gastric and pancreatic secretions were strongly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Pancreatic volume, bicarbonate output, and total protein output were similarly inhibited, while the bicarbonate concentration was only slightly changed. Similar effects were noted after the administration of morphine. In the present model system, morphine was 20-30 times less active than beta-endorphin on a molar basis. Beta-Endorphin inhibition of pancreatic secretion was reversed by naloxone, suggesting that opiate receptors are involved in this phenomenon. Gastric acid secretion participated in the pancreatic effects of beta-endorphin to only a slight extent, since pancreatic inhibition by the endorphin was decreased only slightly in rats with gastic fistula in which gastric juice was diverted and did not reach the duodenum. The comparison of intravenous and intraventricular injections of beta-endorphin and morphine suggested that the observed inhibitions originated in the central nervous system. No effects were detected after the administration of alpha-endorphin, Met-enkephalin or Leu-enkephalin, although pancreatic secretion was measurably inhibited by long-acting synthetic enkephalin analogues.

Animals↗