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Biomedical subjects

C U Tuazon

Publications and source records attributed to C U Tuazon.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: relationship between formation of antibodies to teichoic acid and development of metastatic abscesses.

Of 50 patients with bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus but without clinical evidence of endocarditis, 24 developed antibodies to the cell wall teichoic acid of S. aureus that were demonstrable by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. However, only 16 of the 24 patients developed titers of antibodies high enough for detection by passive gel diffusion. Eleven of the 16 patients developed evidence of complications due to metastatic infection. In contrast, of the 34 patients who were antibody-negative by gel diffusion, only one patient developed evidence of metastatic seeding. Thus, the development of antibodies to teichoic acid at a level detectable by the gel diffusion technique is regularly associated with complicated infections due to S. aureus that require more prolonged therapy, whereas bacteremic patients not developing such an antibody response rarely develop complications and may be treated with a two-week course of therapy.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

In vitro activity of rifampin alone and in combination with nafcillin and Vancomycin against pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Twenty strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with endocarditis were examined in vitro for susceptibility to rifampin, nafcillin, and vancomycin and to combinations of rifampin with nafcillin or vancomycin. Minimum bactericidal concentrations of rifampin ranged from 0.0031 to 0.0125 mug/ml, of nafcillin ranged from 0.078 to 0.312 mug/ml, and of vancomycin ranged from 0.312 to 1.25 mug/ml. The combination of rifampin with nafcillin was synergistic for 12 strains; the combination of rifampin plus vancomycin was synergistic for 5 of the isolates.

Drug Synergism↗
PubMed1978

The adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with miliary tuberculosis.

Miliary tuberculosis is an unusual cause of acute, catastrophic pulmonary failure. In this report, we describe three patients with miliary tuberculosis who developed the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was suspected early, appropriate therapy was initiated, and two patients survived. The experience with these cases serves to reemphasize the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for treatable precipitating disorders in patients with acute respiratory failure.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1978

Extensive cerebral nocardiosis cured with antibiotic therapy alone. Case report.

A 34-year-old renal transplant recipient developed multiple soft tissue and extensive cerebral nocardiosis. The number and locations of the cerebral abscesses and probable areas of cerebritis precluded surgical drainage procedures. Gradual resolution of all the cerebral lesions occurred over a period of 6 months with antibiotic therapy alone. A review of the literature revealed only one previous case of a patient with pulmonary nocardiosis who had a probable secondary brain abscess and who survived without surgical drainage. Thus, if surgical drainage is not possible, antibiotic therapy alone may offer a hope of survival in what otherwise has been considered a uniformly fatal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Aspiration pneumonia and anaerobic lung infections.

Anaerobic organisms and their role in pleuropulmonary infections have been recognized with increased frequency with advances in diagnostic techniques. Valuable clinical, microbiologic and radiologic clues exist and are extremely useful in the diagnosis and treatment of such infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Early clinical recognition of disseminated candidiasis by muscle and skin biopsy.

Disseminated candidiasis was clinically diagnosed by muscle and skin biopsies in two patients with hematologic malignancies. One patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia presented with skin lesions as the sole manifestation of disseminated candidiasis. The other patient had leukemic reticuloendotheliosis and developed fever, severe myalgias, and maculopapular rash while receiving corticosteroid therapy; this patient is the first to have antemortem documentation of candida myositis as the initial manifestation of disseminated candidiasis. These two case reports serve to emphasize the importance of careful observation and early biopsy of skin and muscle to establish the diagnosis and permit early institution of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Adverse reactions to methicillin and nafcillin during treatment of serious Staphylococcus aureaus infections.

Relative toxicities of methicillin and nafcillin were compared in 70 patients with serious infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Of the 29 patients treated with nafcillin, four had fever, rash, and leukopenia and 1 had absolute neutropenia. Of the 41 patients treated with methicillin, 16 experienced 27 reactions. In addition to fever and skin rash, neutropenia and urinary tract abnormalities were common. Methicillin and nafcillin are equally effective in treating S aureus infections, but methicillin was significantly and more frequently associated with adverse drug reaction that was nafcillin.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Staphylococcus aureus carriage rate of patients receiving long-term hemodialysis.

We studied the carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus in patients receiving long-term hemodialysis and also noted the incidence of shunt infections, bacteremia, and septicemia in colonized patients. Thirty-one of 50 patients (62%) carried S aureus in the nose, throat, or on the skin, of whom 20 patients developed shunt infections; nine infections resulted in episodes of bacteremia. Patients with chronic renal failure not undergoing hemodialysis had a 21% carriage rate. Thus, there is a high carriage rate of S aureus in asymptomatic patients receiving hemodialysis that is probably related to an increased incidence of shunt infections and bacteremia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccines in normal adults.

Inactivated influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccines were administered intramuscularly to 199 normal adults, aged 19-59, in doses of 200, 400, or 800 chick cell-agglutinating units in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Systemic reactions (including fever) were uncommon, were mild, lasted less than 24 hr, and were more frequently associated with the largest dose. Local reactions were common but mild. A single, rapidly reversible, allergic reaction was noted in a volunteer 2 hr after vaccination. There was a trend toward fewer systemic reactions in vaccines who had preexisting hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibodies to the vaccine virus in their sera as compared with seronegative vaccines. All vaccine preparations at all three dosages evoked serum HAI titers of greater than or equal to 20 to greater than or equal to 40 in a high proportion of seronegative recipients, with significantly greater geometric mean titers at the highest dosage. Vaccines between the ages of 19 and 23 years manifested significantly lower serologic responses than did vaccinees over the age of 23. Thus, normal adults over the age of 23 can be immunized with a single, well-tolerated dose of A/New Jersey/76 vaccines.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Teichoic acids in pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus.

Twenty-six strains of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from patients with endocarditis were studied for the production of alpha- and/or beta-ribitol teichoic acid (TA), using highly specific anti-TA antibodies prepared in rabbits. A counterimmunoelectrophoretic assay was used. Beta-TA was the predominant residue produced by all strains; alpha-TA was found in all strains, but in smaller amounts and with much strain-to-strain variations. Antibodies in patients' sera were found against beta-TA in higher titers and for longer periods than were anti-alpha-TA antibodies. Antibodies against one or both TA residues were present in all but one of 26 patients.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1977

Detection of endotoxin in cerebrospinal and joint fluids by limulus assay.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and joint fluid from 81 patients were studied for the presence of endotoxin using the limulus assay. All fluids that grew Gram-negative organisms had a positive limulus test. However, one sample of CSF and one of joint fluid, both very purulent, that contained Gram-positive organisms also gave positive limulus assays. All culturally negative fluids had a negative limulus assay. Thus, a positive limulus assay with CSF or joint fluid is indicative of bacterial infection probably caused by Gram-negative organisms and can be an extremely useful diagnostic adjunct.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Teichoic acid antibodies in the diagnosis of serious infections with Staphylococcus aureus.

The development of antibodies to teichoic acid was studied in 56 patients with infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. All 28 patients with endocarditis eventually developed teichoic acid antibodies demonstrable both by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and by gel diffusion; however, 7 patients were negative on admission. Eight of 15 patients with S. aureus bacteremia developed antibodies by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and 6 of the 8 were positive by gel diffusion; 4 of those 6 had evidence of seeding of S. aureus. Three of 5 patients with osteomyelitis and 1 of 8 with localized peripheral abscesses had teichoic acid antibodies. Titers of 1:4 or greater by gel diffusion were present in 18 of 28 patients with endocarditis compared with only 1 of 10 patients with nonendocarditic staphylococcal infections. Thus, the demonstration and quantitation of teichoic acid antibodies is of great clinical value in the early diagnosis of infections due to S. aureus and in assessing the likelihood of deep intra- or perivascular seeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Staphlococcal endocarditis in parenteral drug abusers: source of the organism.

Because approximately one third of persons injecting illicit drugs carry Staphylococcus aureus in their nose and throat or on the skin, we wondered if the carrier was the person in the drug-injecting population at risk of developing endocarditis. If so, patients with drug-related, staphylococcal endocarditis should have a very high carriage rate of the organism when first admitted to the hospital. Ten such patients were studied within 3 days of admission, and all were carriers of S. aureus. In each case, the phage type of the carried organism matched that of the organism recovered from the blood.

Adult↗