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Biomedical subjects

C U Tuazon

Publications and source records attributed to C U Tuazon.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Value of the ring-enhancing sign in differentiating intracerebral hematomas and brain abscesses.

Computerized tomography (CT) is a sensitive method for detecting intracerebral pathology. Ring enhancement on contrast CT scan is a classic finding for intracerebral abscesses. Two cases are described in which clinical and physical findings were not suggestive of brain abscess; however, CT scan disclosed ring-enhancing lesions. Both patients were found to have vascular abnormalities without evidence of infection. The diagnostic dilemmas and specificity of ring enhancement on contrast CT scan are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Transmission of Giardia lamblia from a day care center to the community.

An outbreak of giardiasis was investigated in one urban day care center; another day care center was selected as a control. In the study day care center, 35 per cent of the children were infected. Infection was spread to at least one household contact of 47 per cent of the infected children. The data suggest person-to-person transmission of giardiasis and the need for measures to prevent its dissemination. Early recognition and treatment of Giardia lamblia infections in children may be indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Interaction of Schistosoma japonicum with Salmonellae and other gram-negative bacteria.

The in vitro and in vivo interaction of Schistosoma japonicum with salmonellae and other gram-negative bacteria was studied. In vitro, S. japonicum associated with salmonellae and other gram-negative bacteria, and more male than female schistosomes associated with the bacteria. By using the various strains and mutants of salmonellae, we showed that Salmonella typhimurium had a higher degree of association than did Salmonella enteritidis and that the piliated strains of S. typhimurium associated much more frequently than did the nonpiliated strains. However, in vivo studies demonstrated more frequent association of salmonellae with female than with male schistosomes and that the piliated and nonpiliated strains of salmonella did not differ in their association with the worms.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1985

Cefotiam therapy of lower respiratory tract infections.

Cefotiam, a new cephalosporin, was evaluated in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in 29 patients. The bacteria isolated from the sputum of these patients included Streptococcus pneumoniae (31%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (31%), and Haemophilus influenzae (28%). Satisfactory response was observed in 90% of the patients. There were three treatment failures, two superinfections, and four colonizations with gram-negative organisms resistant to the drug. Superficial phlebitis was noted in two patients. The results of this study suggest that cefotiam is an effective and well-tolerated antibiotic for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to susceptible organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Utility of gallium67 scintigraphy and bronchial washings in the diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Twenty patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were evaluated by gallium67 (Ga67 scintigraphy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy for initial diagnosis and response to therapy. Lung uptake of Ga67 was demonstrated in 100% of AIDS patients with P. carinii pneumonia, including those with subclinical infection. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy identified P. carinii in the bronchial washings of 100% of cases (19 patients), whereas only 13 of 16 (81%) patients had P. carinii in lung tissue obtained by transbronchial biopsy. Repeat fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 16 of 20 patients. After 2 to 4 wk of therapy, P. carinii was identified in bronchial washings in 8 of 16 (50%) patients and in transbronchial biopsy in 1 of 10 (10%) patients examined. Bronchial washing has a higher yield than transbronchial biopsy in demonstrating P. carinii in patients with AIDS and may evolve as the procedure of choice in such patients. Based on the clinical course and results of Ga67 scintigraphy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in AIDS patients with P. carinii pneumonia, optimal therapy may require at least 3 wk of treatment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Cryptococcosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

The clinical course and response to therapy of 27 patients with cryptococcosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were reviewed. Cryptococcosis was the initial manifestation of the syndrome in 7 patients, and the initial opportunistic infection in an additional 7. Meningitis was the commonest clinical feature (18 patients). Blood cultures and serum cryptococcal antigen were frequently positive. In patients with meningitis, leukocyte count, protein level, and glucose level in cerebrospinal fluid were frequently normal; cerebrospinal fluid India ink test (82%), culture (100%), and cryptococcal antigen (100%) were usually positive. Only 10 of 24 patients had no evidence of clinical activity of cryptococcal infection after completion of therapy; 6 of these 10 had relapses shown by clinical findings or at autopsy. Standard courses of amphotericin B alone or combined with flucytosine were ineffective. Cryptococcosis in patients with the syndrome is a debilitating disease that does not respond to conventional therapy; earlier diagnosis or long-term suppressive therapy may improve the prognosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Clues to the early diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with bacillemia from Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare presented with early pathologic clues of a disseminated mycobacterial infection. All had persistent fevers with negative diagnostic workups for other usual pathogens seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Two patients had prolonged clearance of the bacillemia on a drug regimen of ansamycin, clofazimine, and amikacin sulfate.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Skin and skin structure infections in the patient at risk: carrier state of Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous organism that is normally carried on the skin and body surfaces of man. The nares are sites frequently colonized, and patients and hospital personnel represent the major source of infection. The occurrence of staphylococcal infection depends on the availability of staphylococci and the host resistance to infection. Factors that influence the carrier rate of S. aureus include minimal colonizing dose, effects of antimicrobial therapy, disinfectants in the environment, coincidental respiratory infections, possible effect of immune factors, duration of hospital stay, and regular needle injections. Certain patients such as drug abusers, patients with diabetes, and patients with chronic renal failure are at high risk of S. aureus infections. although underlying immune deficiencies are present, increased carrier rate also might be related to regular needle use, as shown among allergy patients. The significance of carrier state has been defined in outbreaks in hospital nurseries, postoperative patients, and systemic infections such as endocarditis in the drug abuser, the toxic shock syndrome, and dermatologic infections.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1984

Tuberculous liver abscess.

A 36-year-old patient presented with liver abscess, an unusual form of tuberculosis. Her clinical course was a perplexing one since the tuberculosis manifested as prolonged fever from an undefined source. Despite extensive investigations and triple antituberculosis chemotherapy her disease was refractory until surgical drainage was performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Massive haemoptysis caused by Mycobacterium xenopi.

A 62-year-old man presented with haemoptysis and radiographic features compatible with pulmonary tuberculosis. His course was complicated by severe haemoptysis that required surgical lobectomy. Mycobacterium xenopi was cultured from sputum and lung tissue. The post-operative course was complicated by gastro-intestinal haemorrhage and the patient died.

Hemoptysis↗
PubMed1984

Comparative in vitro activities of teichomycin and vancomycin alone and in combination with rifampin and aminoglycosides against staphylococci and enterococci.

The activity of teichomycin A2 was compared with that of vancomycin in vitro against clinical isolates of staphylococci and enterococci. Teichomycin A2 was more active than vancomycin active against all isolates tested. Synergistic studies also demonstrated that teichomycin A2 combined with rifampin is more active than vancomycin combined with rifampin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates. Teichomycin A2, either singly or in combination with an aminoglycoside, was more active against Streptococcus faecalis isolates.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

Clinical and microbiologic aspects of serious infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis.

10 patients with serious infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis (8 cases of endocarditis in non-prosthetic valves, 1 was complicated by osteomyelitis, 1 case of osteomyelitis, and 1 case of septicemia) are described. Clinical and microbiologic features were evaluated including antibiotic sensitivity and synergy studies, phage typing and biotyping. Endocarditis tended to affect the elderly population and the clinical manifestations were quite similar to those caused by Streptococcus viridans. Both patients with osteomyelitis had involvement of the cervical spine with excellent response to antibiotic therapy. The only patient with septicemia acquired via hyperalimentation had delayed clearance of the bacteremia but ultimately responded to intravenous antibiotics. Rifampicin was the most effective of all antibiotics tested. All isolates were sensitive to penicillinase-resistant penicillins and cephalosporins and over half were sensitive to penicillin. Full synergistic activity was demonstrated with cephalothin and nafcillin in combination with rifampicin, and rifampicin-vancomycin was partially synergistic against the majority of the strains. Five of 8 available isolates were non-phage typeable and no definite pattern was established for various types of infections. Four of the 8 isolates were classified as biotype SIIa, 2 biotype SIIc and 2 biotype SVh.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis in rabbit model.

To study the natural course of catheter-induced endocarditis secondarily infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis, 29 rabbits had catheters introduced surgically through the carotid artery to the aortic valve. Forty-eight hours later the catheters were removed from five rabbits. The rabbits were inoculated intravenously with 10(8) colony-forming units of S epidermidis. Autopsies done at various intervals showed all rabbits with indwelling catheters had noticeable aortic valve vegetations with positive cultures for S epidermidis. In the group with catheters removed after 48 hours, less severe valvular lesions were noted. Metastatic seeding to kidneys, spleen, and liver were noted in both groups. Because of low cure rate in the treatment of S epidermidis endocarditis, this rabbit model could be used to study antibiotic regimens for valvular endocarditis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Antibiotic susceptibility and synergy of clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes.

Antibiotic susceptibility and synergy were studied in 12 clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes from patients with meningitis and septicemia. Rifampin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) were the most potent single drugs tested. Approximately 80% of the strains demonstrated full synergistic bactericidal activity with rifampin in combination with penicillin or ampicillin. Clinical experience dictates that ampicillin or penicillin should remain the antibiotic of choice in the treatment of severe infections, such as meningitis caused by L. monocytogenes. Where the use of penicillin is contraindicated (e.g., allergy or failure to respond), use of TMP-SMX might be considered. Further in vitro and vivo studies are needed before therapy with rifampin or TMP-SMX in combination with penicillin or ampicillin can be recommended.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗