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Biomedical subjects

C Trepo

Publications and source records attributed to C Trepo.

321 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of recurrent hepatitis C following liver transplantation.

Cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus infection is now the most common indication for liver transplantation in Western Europe and the United States. In the absence of effective prophylaxis, recurrent hepatitis C virus infection is almost inevitable. Although the natural history and intermediate-term outcome of recurrent infection with hepatitis C virus are now better documented, factors that may influence the recurrence of hepatitis and consequent progression of graft disease remain unclear. Interferon used as a single agent for the treatment of recurrent infection has proven unsatisfactory. Early intervention for recurrent infection with the combination of interferon and ribavirin appears promising, and this approach may prevent or delay progression of hepatitis C virus-related graft disease after liver transplantation.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of MHC class II genotype on outcome of infection with hepatitis C virus. The HENCORE group. Hepatitis C European Network for Cooperative Research.

BACKGROUND: The outcome of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) varies substantially among individuals. Host genetic factors are likely to give rise to some of this variability. Polymorphisms in the MHC class II loci may influence the outcome of HCV infection; however, reports of MHC class II allele associations have been inconsistent. We aimed to confirm these associations in a cohort of European patients with different clinical outcomes. METHODS: The distribution of MHC class II alleles was compared between patients with self-limiting infection (n=85) and matched patients with persistent infection (n=170); between patients with mild (n=321) and severe (n=321) histological injury; and between patients who responded to interferon (n=96) and those who did not (n=192). The results of these comparisons were confirmed with a second-stage study of self-limiting infection (n=52) versus persistent infection (n=152). FINDINGS: Self-limiting HCV infection was associated with HLA-DRB1*1101 (odds ratio 2.14 [95% CI 1.11-4.12]; p=0.013) and HLA-DQB1*0301 (2.22 [1.24-3.96], p=0.004). Persistent HCV infection was associated with HLA-DRB1*0701 (2.04 [1.03-4.17], p=0.027), and HLA-DRB4*0101 (2.38 [1.29-4.35], p=0.002). These results were confirmed in the second-stage study. No significant associations (p<0.05 after Bonferroni correction) were found between MHC class II alleles and severe histological injury or response to interferon therapy. INTERPRETATION: Specific MHC class II alleles influence susceptibility or resistance to persistent HCV infection.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transmission of serologically silent hepatitis B virus along with hepatitis C virus in two cases of posttransfusion hepatitis.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to investigate the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related DNA sequences in blood from three blood donors and two transfusion recipients who developed posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH). In the first case, the sole donor was positive for antibody to hepatitis B surface (HBs) and core (HBc) antigens and had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, while the recipient had no HBV serologic markers. Both the donor and the recipient had serologic markers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and were found positive for HBV DNA and HCV RNA sequences by PCR. The second case involved two donors and one recipient. Serologic tests for conventional HBV markers were negative in all three individuals, but one of the donors had elevated ALT. HBV DNA sequences were detected by PCR in the serum of the recipient and of the donor with high ALT, but not in the serum of the donor with normal ALT. Anti-HCV was detected in the serum of the recipient and of the suspect donor but not in that of the donor with normal ALT. The sequences amplified in the S region and determined after cloning of PCR products for both donor-recipient pairs were indistinguishable from each other and identical to the sequence of the major HBV subtype of adw in the first case and ayw in the second case. Furthermore, for the second case, an identical single-point mutation was found in both the donor and the recipient. These data confirm the transmission of conserved HBV sequences together with HCV in posttransfusion NANBH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fulminant hepatitis with microvesicular steatosis (a histologic comparison of cases occurring in Brazil--Labrea hepatitis--and in central Africa--Bangui hepatitis).

A similar histopathologic picture of fatal hepatitis associated with widespread acute fatty changes in hepatocytes and single-cell necrosis was seen in epidemic cases occurring in two distinct equatorial areas having high prevalences of HBV and HDV infections. The cases were previously considered to be two different entities; Labrea hepatitis in Brazil, and Bangui hepatitis in the Central African Republic. However, the histopathologic findings suggest that they are pathogenetically and etiologically related to HBV and HDV infections, probably modified by some as yet unknown factor(s) present in equatorial forest zones.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of viral hepatitis B markers in the region of Tataouine (southern Tunisia)].

Tataouine (South Tunisia) has been subject to several viral hepatitis epidemics during these last years. Prospective study has been conducted to define the prevalence of HVB infection. It has examined 511 cases, the age of whom was between 1 month and 70 years, reported in groups through the OMS recommendations, taking into account the number of inhabitants in each area. The global prevalence was 6.2% for HBs Ag and 18.5% for HBs antibody. These results were not different from the frequencies observed within the Tunisian population in general. The analysis of this study according to these groups, shows that in three areas (Ras El Oued, Bir 30, Dhibet) 60 to 80% of cases have at least one of HVB marquers, whereas the prevalence in other areas (Rogba) was very weak. The geographic repartition of HVB infection corresponds approximatively to areas that have been the most infected by the last hepatitis epidemics. A second study has completed and confirmed the results of the first one, taking into consideration a more important number of cases from areas of strong and weak endemicity. 596 sera have been examined in Rogba which counts 2000 inhabitants and is a weak endemicity area. 528 sera have been examined in the three areas of strong endemicity: 199 in Bir 30, 201 in Dhibet and 128 in Ras El Oued, which count around 2000 inhabitants, too. The percentage of cases presenting at least one of HVB serological marquers reaches 84 in Dhibet, 70 in Ras El Oued, 50 in Bir 30 and 24 in Rogba. This HBs Ag frequency is 3.8% in Rogba, 15% in Bir 30, 24% in Ras El Oued and 26.3% in Dhibet. It seems that the HVB is the virus of hepatitis epidemics observed in Tataouine at least in the three strong endemicity areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in urban and rural populations of northeast Brazil-pilot study].

Hepatitis C virus can be found in all continents. However, differences exist with respect to its prevalence. In Brazil, epidemiological data are scarce, and are based, in their majority, on information obtained from blood donors and not from the general population. Our objective is to show the prevalence of anti-HCV in two distinct populations: one rural and one urban: Salvador, a metropolis, and Castro Alves, a rural village with very little contact with other populations. Eight hundred individuals from Salvador and 800 from Castro Alves were randomly visited. After obtaining consent, we collected blood samples for serology tests and determination of ALT levels. The anti-HCV antibody was tested using ELISA II (ABBOTT Labs), and confirmed by RIBA III (Chiron). We studied the prevalence of anti-HCV in two populations and its distribution with respect to age group and sex and ALT level. chi 2 and Fisher exact were used for the statistical analysis. Of the 800 individuals from Salvador, 44% were women and 56% were men. The age group varied from 10 to 70 years, with an average age of 42. Ten (1.25%) individuals were anti-HCV positive in the urban population and none in the rural population (P < 0.001). No evident correlation was found regarding sex and ALT level, between anti-HCV positive and anti-HCV negative individuals in the urban population. In conclusion, our results suggest a higher prevalence of HCV infection in the urban population probably due to a high level of exposure. The sero-epidemiological studies using blood donors do not reflect the epidemiological reality of HCV in Brazil due to selection bias which could overestimate its seroprevelence.

Adolescent↗