[Pharmacological basis for the therapeutic use of calcium inhibitors. Part 1].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Thuillez.
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For curative treatment of deep vein thrombosis, all trials have shown that twice a day low molecular weight heparin were at least as efficacious as unfractionated heparin on clot reduction or stabilisation. Through the unit cost of low molecular weight heparin is higher, the real cost of treatment should take into account not only the cost of the drug, but also the cost of materials used and lab tests as well as the time necessary. We have therefore prospectively compared the operating and overall costs of nadroparin and intravenous heparin treatment of deep vein thrombosis in hospitalised patients (21 with unfractionated heparin and 19 with nadroparin). The results show that low molecular weight heparin is no more expensive than treatment with unfractionated heparin (336 +/- 74.9 F for unfractionated heparin and 344.9 +/- 44.05 F for nadroparin). In addition, using nadroparin rather than heparin saves approximately one hour per patient per week nursing time (42 +/- 7 minutes vs 104.0 +/- 10.7 minutes, p < 0.05). The methodology of this study should be repeated with other low molecular weight heparin and low molecular weight heparin compare not only to standard i.v. heparin, but also to standard SC heparin.
Calcium antagonists share common property of blocking calcium influx and decreasing intracellular calcium in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells. They however differ from each other by their pharmacological properties. All calcium antagonist induce coronary and systemic vascular relaxation, thus increasing myocardial oxygen supply and decreasing myocardial oxygen demand, respectively. Only subgroups of diltiazem and verapamil, however, can exert negative chronotropic and/or inotropic effect which contribute to a further decrease in myocardial oxygen demand. In this pharmacological context, long term clinical studies in large groups of patients show that vasospastic angina is the first choice therapeutic indication of calcium antagonists. Furthermore, stable angina is a good indication only for subgroups of diltiazem and verapamil, and unstable angina is a contra-indication for the actually known phenyldihydropyridines, thus confirming the heterogeneity of this class of drugs and probably the major role of myocardial tropism in their antiischemic properties.
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