Biomedical subjects

C Tennant

Publications and source records attributed to C Tennant.

115 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1978

The relation of social factors to physical and psychiatric illness.

A study in social factors associated with illness status was conducted in an Australian suburban community. Forty six per cent of adults reported a chronic physical condition and twenty four per cent were psychiatrically impaired. Life event stress, adverse childhood experience and poor social support were related to both physical psychiatric illness. Low occupation status was associated with poor physical health and a poor coping style was associated with psychiatric illness. Twenty per cent of the physical illness and thirty seven per cent of the psychiatric impairment could be attributed to the presence of social factors.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

The general health questionnaire: a valid index of psychological impairment in Australian populations.

In recent years a variety of questionnaires has been used to identify subjects with psychological illness in both community and hospital settings. Most questionnaires, unfortunately, lack of clinical validity, and, to date, none has been validated for an Australian sample. The present study describes a validation of the General Health Questionnaire in a sample of general-practice patients in Sydney, and finds this instrument to be an efficient, reliable, and valid index of non-psychotic psychological impairment.

Australia↗

PubMed1977

The relation between physical, psychological, and social morbidity in a suburban community.

Questionnaire scales of physical, psychological, and social morbidity were utilized to discover the relation between these indices in a representative Australian suburban sample of 863 adults aged 20-69 years. The physical and psychological morbidity of the sample was considerable and comparable to that revealed by other health surveys. There was a positive association between the occurrence of physical and psychological illness. The level of social isolation was low and in this residentially stable sample there was no association between social isolation and either physical or psychological morbidity.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

A scale to measure the cause of life events.

An increase in life event stress has been shown to occur prior to the onset of a number of psychiatric illnesses. This paper describes the construction of a scale to measure the cause of this increased life event experience. One hundred and five normal adults were asked to judge the extent to which any particular event might have occurred by pure chance, by one's own behaviour or by the behaviour of others. These three perceived causative factors are conceptually distinct and together comprehensive. Scalings on these three perceived causative factors for each of 67 life events were derived. The utility of such a scale is discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

A scale to measure the stress of life events.

A comprehensive life event inventory suitable for questionaire or interviewer administration has been constructed. Two sets of matched scalings of these life events have been derived from the responses of an Australian urban population. Each of the scalings were consistent across the sociodemographic groups in the population. The two scales allow the significance of life events to be scaled in conceptually different ways. The first follows Holmes concept of the extent of life change produced by the event, the second the Paykel concept of the amount of distress caused by the event. The inventory and the scalings are suitable for use in an Australian urban population.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adversity and working class vulnerability to minor affective disorder.

In this paper, we examine the proposition that members of lower social classes are more likely than those from higher classes to develop minor affective disorders in the face of adverse experiences. This was examined using data from a psychiatric survey of the general population of Camberwell, S.E. London, U.K. Working class subjects experienced significantly more adversity than their middle class counterparts. However, the relationship between life events and psychiatric disorder was consistent and considerable in the working class group. It was attenuated or non-existent in middle class subjects, depending on the particular categorisation of the data. Log-linear analyses suggested that the basis of this finding was unclear. Both the results and the underlying reasons for them merit further investigation.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hoshin Kanri: a technique for strategic quality management.

This paper describes a technique for Strategic Quality Management (SQM), known as Hoshin Kanri, which has been operated as a management system in many Japanese companies since the 1960s. It represents a core aspect of Japanese companies' management systems, and is stated as: the means by which the overall control system and Total Quality Management (TQM) are deployed. Hoshin Kanri is not particularly unique in its concept of establishing and tracking individual goals and objectives, but the manner in which the objectives and the means to achieve them are developed and deployed is. The problem with applying the concept of Strategic Quality Management (SQM) using Hoshin Kanri, is that it can tend to challenge the traditional authoritarian strategic planning models, which have become the paradigms of modern business. Yet Hoshin Kanri provides an appropriate tool for declaration of the strategic vision for the business while integrating goals and targets in a single holistic model. There have been various adaptations of Hoshin Kanri to align the technique to Western thinking and management approaches, yet outside Japan its significance has gone largely unreported. It is proposed that Hoshin Kanri is an effective methodology for SQM, which has a number of benefits over the more conventional planning techniques. The benefits of Hoshin Kanri as a tool for Strategic Quality Management (SQM) compared to conventional planning systems include: integration of strategic objectives with tactical daily management, the application of the plan-do-check-act cycle to business process management, parallel planning and execution methodology, company wide approach, improvements in communication, increased consensus and buy-in to goal setting, and cross-functional-management integration.

Humans↗