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Biomedical subjects

C Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C Taylor.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Hematologic, iron-related, and acute-phase protein responses to sustained strenuous exercise.

This study was undertaken to gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for the hypoferremia occurring after severe exercise. To this end, 18 athletes who were competing in a 160-km triathlon involving canoeing, cycling, and running were evaluated before the race, immediately after the finish, and thereafter at 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h. The evaluation included plasma iron, total iron-binding capacity, lactoferrin, ferritin, haptoglobin, cortisol, various enzymes, and white cell count. The cortisol, white cell count, and lactoferrin were significantly increased immediately after the race, while the plasma iron and transferrin saturation were significantly decreased. There was a 40% but nonsignificant rise in the plasma ferritin at the completion of the race, while the C-reactive protein was raised by nearly 300% at 24 h. In contrast, haptoglobin declined significantly by 24 h but was normal again 24 h later. Quantitative considerations suggested that the lactoferrin was not responsible for removing transferrin iron from circulation and hence causing the hypoferremia. Instead, it seemed more likely that the iron-related changes were occurring as part of an acute phase response initiated by muscle injury.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Virus infections in childhood malignant disease.

The viruses isolated during infective episodes over a 5-year period of 93 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 107 children with other malignancies have been studied. Viruses were identified by the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT), electron microscopy, and culture. Viruses were isolated on 204 occasions. Rhinovirus and RSV occurred significantly more often in the patients with ALL, and adenovirus more commonly in the solid tumor patients. Viruses were responsible for 4 of the 69 deaths. Multiple different virus isolation during the same infective episode was significantly more common than in a control group. Where paired sera were available, only 10 out of 27 children showed at least a fourfold rise to the isolated virus. A rise in complement-fixing antibody is confirmed as a very unreliable method of detecting virus infection in immunosuppressed children. Viruses are important pathogens in children with cancer and assume greater relevance now that over 60% of malignant disease in childhood can be cured.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Epiphyseal growth plate cartilage and chondrocytes in mineralising cultures produce a low molecular mass angiogenic procollagenase activator.

We have investigated one aspect of the biochemical control of angiogenesis in the mammalian growth plate. This is the first report of an angiogenic compound from normal growing skeletal tissue. The active agent was indistinguishable from ESAF (endothelial cell-stimulating angiogenic factor), previously identified from tumour, retina and synovial fluid. 1. Using a procollagenase activation assay, ESAF was detected in low molecular weight extracts of growth plate cartilage from two species (foetal calf and young rabbit). ESAF content declined with increasing age of the foetal calf growth plate cartilage. 2. Rabbit growth plate chondrocytes in high density culture also produced ESAF 24-48 h after calcification of the culture. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase in these cultures reduced the stimulation of ESAF production. These findings suggest that ESAF production occurs as a stage in chondrocyte differentiation which is linked with the onset of matrix calcification. A model is proposed for the control of angiogenesis in the growth plate.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
PubMed1987

Immunopathology of acute experimental histoplasmic choroiditis in the primate.

The immunopathologic features of experimental acute histoplasmic choroiditis were studied in the nonhuman primate. Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, a panel of hybridoma-derived anti-human monoclonal antibodies, recognizing distinct lymphoid cell and macrophage surface antigens, have been adapted for use in the primate system. Twenty-two individual foci of histoplasmic choroiditis from five eyes were studied at time periods from 20 to 60 days post intracarotid injection of yeast phase Histoplasma capsulatum. A mononuclear and granulocytic cell infiltration was seen in all lesions. The predominant cell type was the CAPPEL+ T lymphocyte (suppressor/cytotoxic subset). Other cell types found in smaller numbers were OKT4+ T cells (helper/inducer subset), OK7+ (peripheral B lymphocytes), IgD+ (mantle B cells) and OKM1+ cells (macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes). Herein, we present immunopathologic data on the acute phase of experimental ocular histoplasmosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Rethinking drug policies in the context of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

This article presents a policy analysis of the needed responses to the problems associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and drug misuse that are now being experienced in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Among the issues considered is the overall organizational and administrative capacity of a country to deal with a new acute demand and the probable need for more national centralization of planning and effort in the drug field. Policies must aim at small multiple gains rather than at master-strokes. International communication must be strengthened. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic requires re-examination of the penal handling of drug misusers. Treating more patients earlier may contribute significantly to prevention strategies, and methods for "harm reduction" deserve attention. Compulsory treatment or testing of HIV infection is not favoured. The importance of professional training and of research is stressed. Although the immediate focus is on one particular country's policy needs, the issues raised are of wider relevance.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Findings of a national survey of the role of general practitioners in the treatment of opiate misuse: extent of contact with opiate misusers.

With the recent unprecedented growth in the spread of drug misuse in the United Kingdom the role of the general practitioner has become more and more prominent, both in response to demands for treatment and as the focus of national policy on drug misuse. Although general practitioners may be the first contact, few data are available on the extent of their contact with drug misusers. A postal survey was carried out in mid-1985 of a 5% national sample of general practitioners in England and Wales concerning their role in and views on the treatment of opiate misusers, including the extent of their contact with such patients during a four week period. Of the 1166 general practitioners surveyed, 845 replied, a response rate of 72%. The results show that roughly one in five general practitioners in England and Wales attended an opiate misuser during this four week period, seeing an estimated 6000 to 9000 patients, one third of whom were "new" to the general practitioner. A cautious estimate of between 30,000 and 44,000 new cases of opiate misuse presenting to general practitioners in a year is suggested, with some adjustment necessary because of double counting. A wide variation in the prevalence of consultations among regional health authorities was found, and several of the regions with a high prevalence are outside the London area. The scale of contact thus confirms the importance of the general practitioner in the national response to drug misuse.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1986

Patient absorbed doses in digital grey-scale fluorography.

This article describes a preliminary comparison between the levels of patient dose used in digital grey-scale fluorography (DGF) and screen-film radiography. Patient doses were measured in three common radiographic examinations, postero-anterior chest, antero-posterior lumbar spine and lateral lumbo-sacral junction, using thermoluminescent dose-meters and an anthropomorphic phantom. Within the limitations of the image quality currently available in DGF, the findings indicate that digital radiography with the large-field X-ray image intensifier promises significant savings in patient dose compared with conventional radiography.

Film Dosimetry↗
PubMed1986

The joys of paper work: care plans really can work.

For purposes of consistency--and the philosophical belief that nurses must have a standard by which their practice is defined and for which they are accountable on a universally accepted basis--HPBC has elected to use the Nursing diagnoses and their definitions as approved by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association. The method outline above allows for a standardized plan of care, while the delivery of that care can be personalized to meet the needs of the patient/family and their response to the plan can be monitored by the nurse's documentation. We believe that documentation should reflect the caring aspects as well as the physical aspects of patient care. Based on our involvement with the patient/family, we have found that the development of the care plan provides for ease and accuracy of documentation and for consistency in the provision of care among providers.

Documentation↗
PubMed1986

Temporary workers in Canada: a multifaceted program.

"This article highlights important developments in the character of temporary worker flows to Canada between 1973 and 1985 through the use of unpublished data and new measures for analyzing this data. The number of employment authorizations are converted to person years to indicate the overall labor market impact of temporary worker flows and this measure is employed in an analysis of unpublished data from Employment and Immigration Canada. The analysis reveals that a significant and growing proportion of employment authorizations are exempted from governmental procedures which link the admission of temporary workers to the Canadian labor market." Reasons for these exemptions and policy implications are discussed

Americas↗