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Biomedical subjects

C Tasman-Jones

Publications and source records attributed to C Tasman-Jones.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Semipurified dietary fiber and small-bowel morphology in rats.

Newly weaned rats fed 12 weeks on a diet containing no dietary fiber or no fiber except for 10% cellulose, maintained the leaf-like intestinal villous morphology present at weaning, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In rats on a normal laboratory diet the jejunal morphology showed progression from the leaf-like villous pattern at weaning to broad-leafed, long-ridged villi of adulthood. Pectin added to a no-fiber diet caused structural changes similar to but less well developed than those changes in the rats on a standard diet. Striking differences were noted not only in the appearance of the intestinal villi but in the number of villi per square centimeter between those animals on no fiber or no fiber except cellulose and those animals on pectin or standard diets. Cholestyramine, a strong pharmacological bile salt-binding agent, when added to a no-fiber diet, did not promote development of the usual villous pattern, and the structure remained the same as that in rats on no-fiber and cellulose diets. Cellulose (no bile salt-binding capability) and pectin (weak bile salt-binding capability) added to a no-fiber diet were associated with significant differences in the number of villi in both the jejunum and the ileum. The observed changes in morphology are unlikely to be due to differing bile salt-binding capabilities of different fiber substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Inflammatory bowel disease in Auckland, New Zealand.

Four-hundred-and-fifty-six patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 137 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) attended public hospitals within Auckland between 1969 and 1978. Polynesians comprised 15% of the population at risk but accounted for only 0.4% of UC cases and no CD cases. Annual incidence rates were 5.4/100,000 Caucasians for UC and 1.75 for CD. CD was significantly less common in Auckland than in European and North American centres. For patients presenting for the first time between 1969 and 1978, the cumulative probability of surviving 10 years was 93.9% for UC and 89.1% for CD. An excess of observed over expected mortality was limited to the first year of observation in UC and did not occur in CD. Clinical features and local complications of UC and CD have been correlated with the anatomic location of disease. In this first clinical study of inflammatory bowel disease of New Zealand, 61% of CD and 23% of UC patients required at least one surgical resection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Disaccharidase levels of the rat jejunum are altered by dietary fibre.

Rat jejunal disaccharidases were measured after feeding high fat fibre-free, high fat pectin, high fat cellulose, high fat galactomannan and high fat tannin diets for 27 weeks. Compared with the high fat fibre-free diet, pectin lowered both lactase and sucrase levels (p less than 0.025). Galactomannan and tannin lowered only the lactase level (p less than 0.05), while cellulose had no significant effect on disaccharidase levels. These data suggest that dietary fibre components have individual and specific effects on jejunal disaccharidase levels, in the presence of a high fat diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Biliary control of beta-glucuronidase activity in the luminal contents of the rat ileum, cecum, and rectum.

The effect of bile exclusion on intestinal beta-glucuronidase activity was studied in the rat. Bile exclusion dramatically decreased the bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity in the cecum and rectum but did not affect the normal low level in the ileum. Thus, bile flow may be the most important factor in modulating beta-glucuronidase activity in the rat large bowel. Dietary substances which can alter bile flow may thus have effects on intestinal bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity. Effects of diet on colon cancer might therefore be explicable in terms of altered bile flow rather than altered bacterial beta-glucuronidase induction.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The hemicellulose component of dietary fiber.

The digestion of hemicellulose in humans was investigated with subjects with an ileostomy and subjects with healthy small and large bowel on a fixed diet of known fiber content. It was shown that an average of 65% of the hemicelluloses were digested by women ileostomy subjects and 83% by men ileostomy subjects and 97% in the intact women subjects and 95% in the intact men subjects. The monosaccharide composition of the hemicelluloses in the diet, small bowel excreta and feces, suggest that an arabinoxylan hemicellulose from cereals, is not digested in the small bowel and only partly digested in the large bowel. This study suggests that it is the arabinoxylans from cereals that are important components of dietary fiber.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1980

Effects of cimetidine on the healing of benign gastric ulcers.

A prospective double-blind trial was undertaken to determine whether treatment with cimetidine influenced the healing of gastric ulcers in New Zealand patients. Ulcer size and healing was assessed by endoscopic examination. Of the 30 patients who completed the trial, 15 were given cimetidine and 15 placebo. At six weeks, 60% of the patients on cimetidine had healed their ulcers, whereas only 20% of those on the placebo had healed ulcers (P < 0.05). Fewer patients taking cimetidine required antacids for symptom control than those on placebo treatment (P < 0.05). The study confirmed that cimetidine treatment accelerates the healing of gastric ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Constipation.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1978

Digestion of certain fractions of dietary fiber in humans.

The digestion of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin has been investigated in humans. Two groups of subjects were studied--healthy subjects with an ileostomy and normal subjects. Both were put on a fixed diet of known cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content. From the feces excreted the fiber components were measured by the acid and neutral detergent method. From the small bowel 84.5% of the ingested cellulose was excreted from the ileostomy subjects. From the normal subjects 22.4% of the ingested cellulose was excreted, indicating approximately 80% of the cellulose was digested in the normal subjects. From the water insoluble ingested hemicelluloses 27.5% were excreted from the small bowel, 4.0% from normal subjects. That is approximately 96% digestion of the hemicelluloses in normal subjects. Lignin was found to be undigested in both the small and large bowel. This has important implications in future fiber research.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1978

Zinc and copper deficiency, with particular reference to parenteral nutrition.

Trace mineral metabolism has reached a new importance and received a new stimulus with the development of total intravenous feeding. A syndrome of acute zinc deficiency has been described in patients receiving intravenous feeding with pure amino acid infusates. Although the rapid response to zinc therapy makes it tempting to assume that the syndrome we have recognized during total parenteral nutrition is one of pure zinc deficiency, it is very likely that this is an oversimplication. The subtle relationships between zinc and other metals, such as calcium, copper, cadmium, and selenium, need further clarification and may account for some patients with low serum zinc not developing the expected clinical manifestations. Copper deficiency also occurs, but its importance is not yet as clearly defined as that of zinc deficiency.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1977

Towards an accurate measurement of dietary fibre.

A method of acid and neutral detergent extraction of food has been used to measure the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content of a number of New Zealand foods. Foods can be classified as those high or relatively high in hemicellulose and those high or relatively high in cellulose and lignin. The accurate determination of this fibre content is of importance in understanding the physical, chemical and bacteriological effects of various fibre components in preventing or causing disease.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1977

Traumatic hemobilia: a complication of percutaneous liver biopsy.

Two patients with hemobilia are presented. The first patient, with alcoholic liver disease, had a percutaneous liver biopsy. Subsequently he developed jaundice, with an enlarged tender gallbladder, biliary colic, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Hemobilia was demonstrated by superselective hepatic angiography and bleeding was stopped by intraarterial infusion of epinephrine and propranolol. The second patient, with primary biliary cirrhosis at an advanced stage, had a percutaneous liver biopsy followed by gastrointestinal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, and finally death. In both cases hemobilia was suggested by gastroduodenoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Prevention of gallstone formation in rabbits by the oral administration of kanamycin.

Rabbits fed a diet containing 40 per cent casein, 15 per cent oleic acid and 45 per cent laboratory pellets developed glycoallodeoxycholic acid and glycodeoxycholic acid gallstones. The oral administration of kanamycin prevented allo bile acid stone formation in the oleic acid fed rabbit without leading to cholesterol gallstone formation. Kanamycin reduced the concentration of allodeoxycholic acid in the bile of oleic acid fed rabbits from 16.6+/-4.1 per cent of total bile acids to 1.1+/-1.1 per cent, with a reciprocal increase in deoxycholic acid concentration. The allodeoxycholate concentration was far below that found in control bile samples, 10.2+/-2.3 per cent. If the effect of kanamycin on the bile composition is by its antibiotic action, this eliminates the importance of a hepatic contribution to allodeoxycholate stone formation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

A syndrome of acute zinc deficiency during total parenteral alimentation in man.

Changes in the plasma and urine levels of the trace metal zinc have been followed in a series of 37 adult patients totally supported by intravenous alimentation. Copper has also been determined in more recent cases. In such a seriously ill group, although urinary zinc loss may be very high at the height of catabolism, severe plasma depletion does not occur unless there is a subsequent phase of sustained anabolism and weight gain. In four patients plasma zinc fell to very low levels during this phase and three of this group developed a syndrome characterized by diarrhea, mental depression, para-nasal, oral and peri-oral dermatitis, and alopecia. The response to oral or intravenous zinc therapy is striking, except for hair regrowth which is delayed but eventually complete. The syndrome we have recognized in adult man has not been previously described. It resembles however the parakeratosis of zinc deficient swine and it is also very similar to Acrodermatitis enteropathica, a genetically determined disorder of infants very recently linked to zinc deficiency. Zinc is clearly essential to human metabolism and it should be included in all parenteral alimentation regimes particularly during the period of rapid, sustained, weight gain.

Adult↗