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Biomedical subjects

C Tardieu

Publications and source records attributed to C Tardieu.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Effects of denervation on the reduction of sarcomere number in cat soleus muscle immobilized in shortened position during seven days.

1) Immobilization of cat soleus muscle in shortened position for only seven days was sufficient to elicit a marked reduction in the sarcomere number of individual muscle fibres and a considerable decrease in extensibility. 2) These effects were similar to those observed in previous experiments (TABARY et al., 1972) during which the muscles were immobilized for four weeks. 3) When a denervation was made just prior to immobilization, then one noted a marked difference in the change: the sarcomere number was only slightly reduced and there was a very small change of extensibility. The contralateral non denervated side showed the expected reduction of sarcomere number and decrease of extensibility. 4) These results contrast with previous observations made on denervated muscles immobilized for a period of four weeks. 5) It is proposed that the differences in sarcomere number adaptation observed in denervated and non denervated immobilized soleus are caused by differences of sarcomere length between the two muscles caused by the absence of presence of muscle contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Relationship of triceps surae torques to photographed tibia-calcaneum angles in man (II).

A previous paper described an apparatus and method for giving the relationship between triceps surae torque and the tibia-calcaneum angle. As a first approximation we took the angle between the calcaneum and the foot-plate as being invariable in all subjects, when the torque was zero. The aim of the present work is to measure the inter-individual variations of the angle. 1. Guide-marks are selected on the skin; showing the axes of the calcaneum and of the leg. Metal rods indicate the axes thus defined and the true angle between the leg and the calcaneum is measured by photography. The curves drawn from these true angles differ from the preceding curves by 0 degrees to 10 degrees for normal children and +12 degrees to -15 degrees for cerebral palsied children. 2. The photographic method verifies the exactitude of the trigonometrical method of correcting angles that we proposed in the previous paper.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1977

To what extent is the tibia-calcaneum angle a reliable measurement of the triceps surae length? Radiological correction of the torque-angle curve (III).

Previous papers gave some methods for the reliable measurement of the tibia-calcaneum angle. It is of common use to evaluate the physical properties of triceps surae on the basis of torque-angle curves. However this method is reliable only if each tibia-calcaneum angle corresponds to a defined distance between the insertions of the muscle in subjects of the same height. Evidence is given by radiological measurements that this correspondance is correct in normal children. However, this is no longer true in certain cerebral palsied children because of abnormal translation of the calcaneum and/or abnormal ratio of bone sizes. In this case the torque-angle curves do not define properly the torque-length curves. A method of correction is given. This correction may be as high as 15 degrees.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1977

The relationship between sarcomere length in the soleus and tibialis anterior and the articular angle of the tibia-calcaneum in cats during growth.

Sarcomere number and sarcomere length were studied in six groups of kittens ranging in age from 10 minutes to 5 months and compared with those of adult cats. Although the soleus muscle is a slow contracting muscle and the tibialis anterior a fast contracting muscle, both have previously been shown to have the same range relative to ankle movement. For a given angle of articulation the sarcomere length was found to be the same at all ages except perhaps for the newly born. In contrast, the sarcomere number differed considerably, being much higher in the older animals. The relationship between active tension and muscle length was also measured, and again no difference was found between the muscles at any age, although the shape of the curves for the soleus and tibialis anterior was different.

Aging↗
PubMed1976

An apparatus and a method for measuring the relationship of triceps surae torques to tibio-tarsal angles in man.

1. The apparatus and method described give the relationship of triceps surae torque to the absolute tibio-tarsal angle. Data of the anatomy of the foot and the axis of the ankle are taken into consideration. They make complementary measurements necessary, which in certain cases enable the angle recorded by the apparatus to be corrected so as to obtain the true angle. 2. The reliability of the apparatus and the technique of linkage of subject to apparatus are judged by examination of the torque-angle plots obtained by passive stretching of the triceps in 7 subjects for whom correction is monor. Good reliability was observed during the session and from one session to another. The plot is exponential. The merits of the method of correcting angles are illustrated in three subjects with the same protocol: when plots are not corrected, they are more dispersed during the session and no longer exponential. These results justify the considerable correction of the angle that we propose in the study of isometric contractions.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Functional adaptation of sarcomere number of normal cat muscle.

1. Physiological and histological data were obtained from soleus and tibialis anterior muscles of normal adult cats to study to what extent fibre length and sarcomere number varied between animals and how this was related to the physiological characteristics of the muscles. 2. For a given muscle, the variation in the sarcomere number of individual muscle fibres between animals was found to be about 25%. These difference could partly be explained by comparing the number of sarcomeres and the length of the fibula, which was chosen as an index of the size of the animal. The average sarcomere number in the tibialis anterior muscle was about 60% greater than in the soleus. The variations between animals and between the anterior tibialis and soleus muscles were significantly greater than the variations observed within the same muscle. 3. The sarcomere length is dependent upon the articular angle, that is to say, the length change imposed on the muscle. These length changes are more extensive in the soleus muscle (100%) than in the tibialis anterior muscle (60%). A very significant correlation was found between articular angle and sarcomere length (for soleus r = 0.98, for tibialis anterior r = 0.94). 4. Although fibre length did vary considerably within a given muscle, the sarcomere length showed only minor variations at any given angle. This suggests that sarcomere number is determined in each individual muscle fibre. Such an adaptation implies a concomitant adaptation of the tendinous part of the fibre. This adaptation, resulting in definite sarcomere length at a definite angle, has obvious physiological implications. 5. Conventional length vs. active tension curves were established for the soleus and the tibialis anterior muscles. It is suggested that the difference between the sarcomere number of the two muscles may result in the difference between the shape of curves of these two muscles. 6. Active torque-angle curves were established for the two muscles in situ. The shapes of the curves for soleus and tibialis anterior are similar in spite of the different mechanical conditions of the two muscles. This fact helps to explain why the two muscles, despite their similar articular range, had very different sarcomere number.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1974

Effect of denervation on the adaptation of sarcomere number and muscle extensibility to the functional length of the muscle.

1. The effects of denervation on the response of the cat soleus muscle to immobilization at different lengths by plaster casts has been investigated for a period of 4 weeks.2. The passive length-tension properties of the denervated immobilized muscles were not significantly different from those of non-denervated muscles. Muscles immobilized in the shortened position showed a marked decrease in extensibility whether they were denervated or not. In all the other cases the length-tension curves were not significantly differetn from those of normal muscles.3. The denervated soleus muscle immobilized in the lengthened position was found to produce 25% more sarcomeres in series, whilst those immobilized in the shortened position lost 35%. This adaptation was essentially the same as in muscles that had been immobilized but not denervated.4. Denervation was found to have no effect on the recovery of muscles that had been subjected to 4 weeks immobilization in the shortened position. In these muscles the sarcomere increased back to the normal level within 4 weeks after removal of the plaster cast.5. The adjustment of sarcomere number to the functional length of the muscles does not therefore seem to be directly under neuronal control. It appears to be a myogenic response to the amount of passive tension the muscle is subjected to.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Physiological and structural changes in the cat's soleus muscle due to immobilization at different lengths by plaster casts.

1. Passive length-tension curves were established for cat soleus muscles that had been immobilized in different positions. Muscles that had been immobilized in the lengthened position showed no difference in their length-tension properties to those of normal muscles. However, those immobilized in the shortened position showed a considerable decrease in extensibility.2. Muscle fibre length, sarcomere length and the total number of sarcomeres along single teased fibres were also determined for muscles immobilized in different positions. Soleus muscles immobilized in the lengthened position were found to have 20% more sarcomeres in series than normal muscles whilst those immobilized in the shortened position had 40% less than normal muscles.3. When the plaster casts were removed from muscles that had been immobilized in the shortened position, the length-tension curves and sarcomere number returned to normal within 4 weeks. Muscles that were immobilized in a shortened position and then immobilized in a second position were found to rapidly adjust to the second position with respect to their passive length-tension properties and sarcomere number.4. A change in the number of sarcomere in series seems to be the way in which the sarcomere length of the muscle is adjusted to its new functional length. The change in the length-tension properties which accompanies a decrease in sarcomere number appears to be the mechanism which prevents the muscle from being overstretched.

Adaptation, Physiological↗