Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C T Kennedy.
The development of vulval lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in monozygotic twins is described. This is the first report of the occurrence of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in two genetically identical individuals, and is considered to provide further evidence that inherited factors are of relevance in the aetiology of this disorder.
Forty-one over-the-counter skin lightening creams were analysed for hydroquinone content, and the accuracy of tables of contents supplied with these products was assessed. Eight of the 41 were found to contain more than 2% hydroquinone, the maximum concentration permitted by the U.K. Cosmetic Products Regulations. Eighteen of these preparations failed to comply with labelling requirements. A list is given of those products containing less than 2% hydroquinone which are adequately labelled.
Seven of twelve autologous sera from patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria re-injected intradermally produced a weal at the site of injection. There was no response in 19 control subjects. Patients showing a positive response had a shorter duration of disease and shorter duration of spontaneous weals, and their urticaria was less likely to be exacerbated by pressure. There was some serological evidence of circulating immune complexes in both positive and negative responders to autologous serum, but only two showed complement abnormalities. When six of the serum-positive patients were re-tested after one year, five still showed a positive response with their original stored serum, but only two, whose disease remained active, were positive when challenged with freshly drawn serum, suggesting that a serum mediator is only present when the urticaria is active. A marked neutrophil infiltrate was seen within and around small dermal blood vessels at the injection site in the majority of urticaria patients but this appearance did not correlate with weal formation. In control subjects the cellular response was mild and mainly mononuclear.
An isolate of Candida albicans from a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidosis who relapsed during ketoconazole treatment was compared with a number of other azole-sensitive and azole-resistant isolates by tests in vitro and in three animal models of vaginal or disseminated infection. In-vitro tests indicated that the isolate was cross-resistant to all imidazole and triazole antifungals tested. In the animal models, treatment with miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole or fluconazole failed to influence the infection.
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The parapox viral infection orf is usually diagnosed without difficulty when the lesions have the characteristic morphology and there is an appropriate history of contact with sheep. Two cases of orf in a perineal location in young children are presented to illustrate modification of the physical signs by flexural occluded sites. Electron microscopy of scrapings from the lesions established the diagnosis.
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Two patient receiving minocycline developed blue-black pigmentation on the legs. Biopsies from the pigmented areas demonstrated granules containing iron, a pigment with staining properties similar to melanin, and a third pigment which may be a degradation product of minocycline. Electron microscopy showed that some, but not all the granules were membrane-bound and they were situated mainly within macrophages. Analytical electron microscopy showed that the granules contained iron, sulphur, chlorine and, in one case, calcium.
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A case of mepacrine pigmentation occurring in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus has been investigated by fluorescent light microscopy, gas--liquid chromatography and analytical electron microscopy. There is strong evidence for the presence of mepacrine itself within the typical granules, which have been shown by electron microscopy to be membrane bound and intracellular. Analytical electron microscopy also showed that the granules contain large quantities of iron and smaller quantities of sulphur.
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