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Biomedical subjects

C T Hung

Publications and source records attributed to C T Hung.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The glycemic effect of glutinous rice dumplings in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

Postprandial hyperglycemia is a known physiological effect in diabetics. The glycemic index classifies starchy carbohydrate foods into predictable postprandial glycemic responses and was thought to be a useful tool for the planning of diabetic diets. Recently, There has been some debates over the applicability of the glycemic index to mixed meals. The purpose of this study was to study the glycemic effect of glutinous rice dumplings, a mixed food, on non-insulin-dependent diabetics and discuss the applicability of rice dumplings in diet planning. A total of 31 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus participated in this study. The ingredients of the glutinous rice dumplings included 60 grams glutinous rice, 30 grams lean meat, 1/3 of a salted egg yolk, and 1/3 of a mushroom. After a preprandial blood sample, each subject ate one rice dumplings. Postprandial blood samples were taken at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes respectively. The glucose hexokinase method was used to determine the plasma glucose value. Subjects were divided into two groups (poor control group and fair control group) by preprandial blood glucose, the cutoff point was 140 mg/dL. For the poor control group, the preprandial value was 226.0 +/- 62.2 mg/dL compared to 102.8 +/- 19.0 mg/dL in the fair control group. The values for the poor and fair control groups postprandially were: 30 minutes, 212.7 +/- 47.6 mg/dL vs 138.3 +/- 30.3 mg/dL; 60 minutes, 259.5 +/- 51.8 mg/dL vs 189.9 +/- 34.6 mg/dL; 90 minutes, 291.5 +/- 69.5 mg/dL vs 210.6 +/- 46.4 mg/dL; and 120 minutes, 297.1 +/- 80.0 mg/dL vs 196.6 +/- 54.0 mg/dL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Epidemiological study of gestational diabetes mellitus in Taipei and factors effecting blood glucose].

The prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has increased significantly in the last decade. Meanwhile, it has been found that patients with gestational diabetes have a greater chance of developing diabetes than normal subjects. This study was designed to survey the prevalence of GDM in metropolitan Taipei. A screening test with 50 g of glucose was performed on pregnant patients between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, and a blood sample was collected one hour after ingestion. The subjects with a plasma glucose level over 130 g/dL were scheduled for a standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosis. Altogether, 872 pregnant women participated in the study. According to the WHO criteria which were published in 1985, a total of 224 (25.7%) subjects had a positive screening test. Thirty-seven (4.2%) subjects had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and five (0.6%) subjects were found to have GDM after the 75 g OGTT. Comparisons of the glucose levels of women of different ages (< 30 and > or = 30), BMI (< or = 24 and > 24), and parity (0 and > or = 1) demonstrated that women over 30, with a BMI over 24, or a parity over 1 had a significantly higher plasma glucose level than their counterparts in the screening test. Even after BMI-adjustment, the difference was still significant for the age and parity comparisons.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pseudarthrosis and pseudopseudarthrosis of ankylosing spondylitis-report of 2 cases.

Pseudarthrosis is a well known, late complication of ankylosing spondylitis associated with extensive discovertebral junction destruction and fracture of the posterior elements. In contrast, the term "Pseudopseudarthrosis" is published in the recent literature to portray similar roentgenologic findings of discovertebral destruction but without bony break of the posterior arch. In this article, each complication is presented by a single case using the demonstration of plain film and computed tomography studies to compare their differences in the posterior spinal elements.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Pen injector for insulin-requiring diabetic patients.

To compare the metabolic control and acceptability of a pen injector to the traditional syringe used in diabetes, 12 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients and six insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients were followed-up at the outpatient clinic of the Taipei Municipal Yang-Ming Hospital. All patients participated in a four-week run-in period and 24-week randomized cross-over design study. Human NPH insulin (Protaphane HM) in vials and in penfills were used in each 12-week experimental period, respectively. Metabolic control was assessed by a biochemical examination (before and after seven months of treatment) and HbA1c levels (at Weeks 1, 4, 16 and 28) and was found to be unchanged. The overall mean blood glucose declined slightly in both treatment modalities but not to a significant level (mean +/- SE; run-in: 175 mg/dL +/- 10 mg/dL; pen: 159 mg/dL +/- 8 mg/dL; syringe: 156 mg/dL +/- 7 mg/dL). The number of hypoglycemic episodes and self-adjustments of insulin dosage did not differ significantly between pen and syringe treatments. At the end of the study, a questionnaire revealed that eight patients would choose pen injectors, nine patients syringes and one was unsure of what to use as a future preference. The limitation of 36 units per injection of insulin is a drawback for those NIDDM patients with insulin resistance. An insulin delivery device that would allow an injection of a larger quantity of insulin is desirable for some patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of famotidine in plasma. Application to pharmacokinetic study.

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitation of famotidine in human plasma is described. Clopamide was used as the internal standard. Plasma samples were extracted with diethyl ether to eliminate endogenous interferences. Plasma samples were then extracted at alkaline pH with ethyl acetate. Famotidine and the internal standard were readily extracted into the organic solvent. After evaporation of ethyl acetate, the residue was analysed by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was accomplished with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water (12:88, v/v) containing 20 mM disodium hydrogenphosphate and 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate, adjusted to pH 3. The HPLC microbore column was packed with 5 microns ODS Hypersil. Using ultraviolet detection at 267 nm, the detection limit for plasma famotidine was 5 ng/ml. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 5-500 ng/ml. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were found to be less than 10%. Applicability of the method was demonstrated by a bioavailability/pharmacokinetic study in normal volunteers who received 80 mg famotidine orally.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1991

Relative bioavailability of oral sustained-release and regular-release oxprenolol tablets at steady-state.

The relative bioavailability of a test sustained-release (SR) oxprenolol tablet against an approved regular-release (RR) tablet has been investigated at steady-state. In a randomized two-way crossover study, one tablet of 160 mg SR oxprenolol once every 24 h and one tablet of 80 mg RR oxprenolol once every 12 h were given to 12 healthy volunteers for 5 days. Blood samples were collected from each subject just prior to each dose-administration on days 1 through 4, and at scheduled time points on day 5 and analysed for oxprenolol concentration using HPLC. The SR tablet resulted in 42 per cent reduction in mean peak drug levels (p = 0.0341) and a statistically non-significant 14 per cent increase in mean trough levels (p = 0.8357) than the RR tablet. However it required 160 per cent longer time to reach average steady-state concentrations (Css) on day 5 (1.38 h for SR versus 0.53 h for RR; p = 0.0205). The mean area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve at steady state (AUC96-120) with the SR tablet was approximately 18 per cent lower than that observed with the RR tablet, and the degree of fluctuation (DF) was reduced by 30 per cent (2.81 for SR versus 4.11 for RR; p = 0.0069). On average, a single dose of SR tablet and two doses of RR tablets maintained the drug levels above a constant Css of 204.6 ng ml-1 for 7.88 and 7.65 h, respectively (p = 0.3513).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Arterial desaturation during induction in healthy adults: should preoxygenation be a routine?

We studied the haemoglobin saturation of one hundred healthy patients equally divided into two groups. Group 1 patients received three minutes of preoxygenation prior to thiopentone induction followed by inhalational anaesthetics. Group 2 patients breathed room air prior to induction. None of the patients in Group 1 showed any arterial oxygen desaturation during the five minutes of the induction period, whereas 21 patients in Group 2 showed definite desaturation (P less than 0.005), of which fifteen patients had a saturation of 90% or less (P less than 0.005) and six had a saturation of 85% or less. Since those were healthy patients and the anaesthetics were given by experienced anaesthetists, we concluded that some form of preoxygenation should be used in all patients receiving general anaesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Application of regression analysis in the evaluation of tumor response following the administration of adriamycin either as a solution or via albumin microspheres to the rat.

Regression analysis has been applied to compare the tumor response following the administration of free and microsphere-loaded adriamycin to the rats. A nonmetastasizing sarcoma was induced in male A.S. inbred rats. When the sarcoma was in its fourth passage and 12 days old, four groups of animals received intratumoral injections of 2 or 8 mg/kg of adriamycin as a solution or via albumin microspheres. The animals in each group were monitored over a period of three weeks for changes in body weight and tumor size and their survival, and the results were statistically compared with the data obtained from an untreated group of animals (control). The use of regression analysis in conjunction with partial F-test revealed that the microsphere-delivered drug exhibited a meager but significantly greater response than the free drug. The implications of intratumoral administration of microsphere-loaded drug in the treatment of sarcomas is discussed.

Albumins↗
PubMed1990

Reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of fluoroquinolones in human plasma.

A simple and sensitive method is described for the determination of fluoroquinolones by HPLC on a C-18 column using fluorescence detection. Using a mobile phase of 25% (v/v) acetonitrile phosphate buffer (pH 2.0), adequate retention and separation among the solutes norfloxacin, amifloxacin, enoxacin, and pipemidic acid have been obtained using sodium lauryl sulphate as the pairing ion and tetrabutylammonium bromide as the counter ion. The chromatographic conditions selected have been used for the quantitation of norfloxacin, amifloxacin, and enoxacin in human plasma using pipemidic acid as the internal standard. A simple single-step protein precipitation procedure has been employed for pretreatment of plasma samples. The detection limits of the assay for enoxacin, amifloxacin, and norfloxacin are approximately 100, approximately 10, and approximately 20 ng/mL, respectively. The method has been employed for the determination of amifloxacin in plasma samples from a healthy volunteer following oral administration of a 400-mg amifloxacin capsule.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1990

Comparative disposition of adriamycin delivered via magnetic albumin microspheres in presence and absence of magnetic field in rats.

The multiple tissue disposition of adriamycin hydrochloride delivered via magnetic albumin microspheres, in absence (control) and presence of magnetic field (experimental), has been investigated in rats. The animal tail was demarcated into three segments: T1, the dosing-site; T2, the target-site; and T3, the post target-site. Following the arterial cannulation at T1, 0.4 mg/kg of microsphere associated drug was administered to the control as well as the experimental animals. In experimental group, the target-site T2 was exposed to a 8000 G magnetic field for 30 min. In both groups the animals were sacrificed in triplicates over a 48 hr period and their various tissues monitored for drug concentrations using HPLC. In presence of magnetic field, the microspheres demonstrated 16 fold increase in the maximum drug concentration, 6 fold increase in drug exposure and 6 fold increase in the drug targeting efficiency for T2. Drug delivery to most non-target tissues, including heart and liver, was substantially reduced. The results quantitatively suggest that the efficacy of magnetic albumin microspheres in the targeted delivery of incorporated therapeutic agent is predominantly due to the magnetic effects, and not alone due to the characteristics of the micro-carrier system.

Albumins↗
PubMed1990

Preclinical evaluation of skin substitutes.

The important requirements of a skin substitute such as water vapour permeability, adherence to the excised wound surface, oxygen permeability, mechanical properties, impermeability to micro-organisms and exudate soaking capacity have been highlighted. Two commercial synthetic skin substitutes, Bioclusive and Geliperm, have been used to establish the preclinical assessment procedures for skin substitutes. Two in vitro techniques, the 'Water Cup' and the 'Inverted Cup,' and two in vivo methods involving a 'Ventilated Hygrometer Chamber' system and an Evaporimeter have been employed to assess and compare the water vapour permeability of the skin substitutes under controlled conditions. An Evaporimeter, which is very simple to operate, provides more accurate results. A simple test has been designed to evaluate the early adherence of the skin substitutes to the excised wound surface of rats. The pulling force and the peeling force required to remove the membrane from the wound surface have been measured and these forces have been found to depend upon the composition of the membrane. An oxygen permeability cell has been fabricated which measures the dissolved oxygen permeability of the skin substitutes. The detection of oxygen is based on the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen at the surface of a noble metal. The tensile properties of the skin substitutes have been measured by an International Standard procedure and both the skin prostheses are associated with some drawbacks. An in vitro method of testing the microbial permeability of the skin substitutes has been designed which simulates an oozing colonized wound that a skin substitute faces in cases of septicaemia. Both the test materials were impermeable to both bacteria and fungi and will provide an effective barrier. The effectiveness of the skin substitutes to absorb wound exudate from the wound surface has been evaluated by soaking the pieces of the membranes in water, plasma and serum and observing their weight gain. The soaking capacity depends upon the composition and nature of the material. The procedures developed have been employed to evaluate a hydrogel type synthetic skin substitute recently formulated in our laboratory.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1990

Laboratory evaluation of a new hydrogel-type skin substitute.

A new hydrogel-type skin substitute (HSS) has been investigated for its effectiveness in the management of excised wounds in rats and compared with Geliperm and Bioclusive and air-exposed control. Wound repair has been assessed by measuring the wound size and by histological examination. The effectiveness of the skin substitutes on the re-establishment of the cutaneous barrier to evaporative water loss (EWL) has also been examined by an Evaporimeter. When compared with Geliperm and Bioclusive, a faster rate of wound healing with complete epithelialization was observed under HSS. A significant improvement in the rate of restoration of the barrier functions was observed between the HSS-covered wounds and uncovered controls. A biphasic behaviour of EWL, with an initial rise followed by an exponential decline, was observed in uncovered control and wounds covered with Geliperm and HSS. In the case of Bioclusive, the decline in EWL was less pronounced.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1990

A physiological pharmacokinetic model describing the disposition of lead in the absence and presence of L-ascorbic acid in rats.

The influence of L-ascorbic acid (As-Ac) on the multiple-tissue disposition of lead has been evaluated. Lead concentrations in femur, liver, kidney and plasma of rats were monitored over a 120h period after its intravenous bolus administration (1.0 mg/kg) in the absence and presence of As-Ac at steady state. The observed lead concentration-time data in different tissues of the rats, in the absence and presence of As-Ac, have been simulated using a physiological pharmacokinetic modelling technique. In both cases, the predicted lead concentrations in various tissues were in adequate agreement with the observed data. The model developed in the present investigation supports the previous finding that As-Ac may be useful as a prophylactic agent for lead poisoning.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ultrasonographic findings in relation to ease of aspiration and fluid characteristics in thyroid cyst.

Sixty-six thyroid cysts in 65 patients were studied prospectively using the aspiration method and ultrasonography. The major post-aspiration ultrasonographic change was thyroid tissue enlargement in 95% (62/65) in addition to the decreased size of the thyroid cysts in all. More than double increments of thyroid tissue could be noted in 54% (35/65) of the patients. The color of cystic fluid was related to the duration of the cyst and internal echogenicity (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02, respectively). Acute hemorrhage usually had a dark-reddish fluid and an increased echogenicity. The viscosity of the cystic fluid could influence the success rate of aspiration (p less than 0.05). The effect of aspiration was not good if the thyroid cyst had thick gelatinous fluid. Because a cystic goiter may be associated with malignancy, aspiration biopsy should be performed after the fluid is drawn especially if the thyroid tissue is expanded. If there is no evidence of malignancy, aspiration can be tried more than once if the cyst reappears.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of drug delivery following the administration of magnetic albumin microspheres containing adriamycin to the rat.

The disposition of adriamycin following its intra-arterial administration in rats as a solution (control) or via magnetic albumin microspheres (treatment group) has been investigated. The rat tail was demarcated into three segments: T1, the pre-target site; T2, the target site; and T3, the post-target site. In both groups, 2.0 mg/kg of adriamycin HCl was injected into the ventral caudal artery in T1 through a T-piece cannula. A magnetic field of 8000 G was directed towards T2. The concentration of adriamycin was measured in the heart, kidney, liver, lung, serum, small intestine, spleen, T1, T2, and T3 as a function of time using an ion-pairing HPLC assay. Areas under the mean adriamycin concentration-time curves were used to determine two indices of drug delivery: the relative tissue exposure and targeting efficiency. It was demonstrated that the magnetically responsive albumin microspheres altered the tissue distribution of adriamycin in rats. Administration of drug via magnetic microspheres was shown to increase the relative drug exposure to both T2 and liver.

Albumins↗
PubMed1989

Ultrastructural disposition of adriamycin-associated magnetic albumin microspheres in rats.

The ultrastructural disposition of intra-arterially administered adriamycin-associated magnetic albumin microspheres has been investigated. The rat tail was used as the target organ and demarcated into the following three parts: T1, the injection site; T2, the target site; and T3, the posttarget site. Adriamycin HCl (2.0 mg/kg) was administered via the carrier through a cannula fixed at T1. The target site, T2, was exposed to a magnetic field of 8000 G for 30 min postdosing. Animals were sacrificed at scheduled time intervals over a 72-h period, and the tissue samples from T2 were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed that microspheres traverse the vascular endothelium of the target tissue as early as 2 h after dosing. Gradual loss of tissue organization and cellular components, as a function of drug exposure time, demonstrated that the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug are not altered by its entrapment and delivery via the magnetic microspheres. The study confirms second-order drug targeting in the target tissue of healthy animals.

Albumins↗
PubMed1989

Effect of carrier dose on the multiple tissue disposition of doxorubicin hydrochloride administered via magnetic albumin microspheres in rats.

The effect of carrier dose on the multiple tissue disposition of doxorubicin hydrochloride has been investigated in rats. The drug was encapsulated in submicron magnetic albumin microspheres using a heat-denaturation technique. The rat tail was used as a target organ. Two groups of animals were administered 2.0 or 0.04 mg/kg of microsphere-entrapped drug via the ventral caudal artery, and the predefined tail target site was exposed to a 8000-G magnetic field for 30 min after dosing. In each group, the animals were sacrificed in triplicate over a 48-h period, and their various tissues were analyzed for drug concentration using reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC. The reduction in carrier dose was found to increase drug distribution as well as the targeting efficiency for the target tissue. The drug delivery to heart and liver was reduced. The significance of carrier dose in the targeted delivery of drugs is discussed.

Albumins↗