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Biomedical subjects

C T Huang

Publications and source records attributed to C T Huang.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Prescriptive arm ergometry to optimize muscular endurance in acutely injured paraplegic patients.

This study compared the effect of (1) continuous, (2) intermittent, and (3) graded exercise on the cardiopulmonary responses of 12 acutely injured paraplegic individuals having neurologically complete spinal lesions, between T7 and T12, and seven able-bodied control subjects. Continuous exercise consisted of cranking an arm ergometer at a constant rate of 30W. Intermittent exercise consisted of arm ergometry at 60W for 30-second periods interspersed with 30-second rest periods. In graded exercise, subjects worked for consecutive two-minute periods at rates of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50W with no rest periods between work periods. Subjects exercised for 10 minutes or until they reached subjective fatigue. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured during rest and work. Paraplegic subjects performed 4.93, 4.89, and 4.95 watt-hours of continuous, intermittent, and graded exercise respectively. Comparable figures for control subjects were 4.98, 4.91, and 4.96 watt-hours. There was a high degree of correlation between HR and VO2 in both paraplegic (r = 0.80) and normal (r = 0.85) subjects. Both VO2 and HR were highly correlated with work load in each group. Paraplegic subjects had significantly higher HRs (p less than 0.001), respiratory quotients (p less than 0.05), and ventilatory volumes (p less than 0.05) than control subjects. Graded exercise produced a significantly higher HR than continuous or intermittent exercise (p less than 0.001) during the final data collection period. Oxygen consumption during graded exercise was higher than VO2 for continuous or intermittent exercise (p less than 0.01) during the final data collection period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cardiopulmonary response in spinal cord injury patients: effect of pneumatic compressive devices.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an inflatable abdominal corset and bilateral pneumatic leg splints on certain physiologic parameters during and after postural change in 27 quadriplegic patients. Data reflecting respiratory rate, tidal volume, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were collected and analyzed. Measurements were acquired with patients in supine, 20 degrees head-up, 45 degrees head-up, and 20 degrees head-down positions. The study population was divided into 2 groups of cervical spinal cord injured patients: group I included 13 patients with C6 or C7 lesions; group II included 14 patients with C4 or C5 lesions. The mean time between injury and data collection was 47 days. Several trends were identified: (1) the neurologic level of lesion in quadriplegics appears relatively unimportant in determining cardiopulmonary response to postural change; (2) the use of assistive compressive devices does not improve pulmonary ventilatory parameters during postural change, although such devices do help maintain cardiovascular parameters; and (3) the abdominal corset appears more effective than pneumatic leg splints in maintaining blood pressure at pretilt levels. A tidal volume of 350ml to 400ml is most easily maintained by placing patients in a supine position and eschewing assistive compressive devices. Because the pneumatic devices proved successful in helping quadriplegic patients maintain cardiovascular stability during postural changes, therapeutic modalities, such as tilt table treatments, may be initiated at an earlier stage in the rehabilitation process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Fecal steroids in diarrhea: IV. Cholera.

Fecal bile acid and neutral sterol patterns were studied in eight healthy adult volunteers who were challenged with Vibrio cholerae classical Ogawa 395 strain in the course of vaccine development studies. Bacterial 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids was not altered during experimentally induced cholera diarrhea, despite the fact that fecal weight in g/day (wet wt) was increased greatly during diarrhea (1913 +/- 390 vs 161 +/- 11 in controls, p less than 0.005). Consistent with the findings on bile acids, no significant changes in the production of coprostanol, epicoprostanol, or coprostanone were observed although the percentage of unmodified cholesterol was increased during the diarrheal episode (20.7 +/- 3.3% vs 11.9 +/- 2.3, p less than 0.02). Total concentrations of both bile acids and cholesterol in mg/g of feces (wet wt) were decreased considerably as a result of diarrhea). However, total bile acid and neutral steroid excretions in mg/kg/day in subjects with and without diarrhea do not appear to be different. Intestinal transit times, measured in eight subjects by the use of carmine red dye, were found to be shortened in diarrhea (5.8 +/- 1.1 hr vs 23.4 +/- 4.1 hr in controls, p less than 0.001). The results from this study are similar to those observed in experimentally induced travellers' diarrhea associated with toxigenic Escherichia coli, but they are in striking contrast to the changes in gastrointestinal steroid metabolism observed in acute shigellosis, an invasive intestinal infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The bacteriology of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis and associated diseases.

Ninety-five patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis had a range of specimens taken at laparotomy for bacterial culture. Bacteria were isolated from 68% of cases. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen. Other aerobic and anaerobic intestinal bacteria were also isolated. Liver biopsy, bile and gallstones were the most rewarding specimens for culture. Infection was usually localized, but systemic infection occurred occasionally. The site of infection is probably in the liver parenchyma; however, the route by which intestinal bacteria invade the liver is not known. Sixty per cent of the cases of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis had gallstones and 20% were infected with Clonorchis sinensis.

Bile↗
PubMed1981

Biohydrogenation of cholesterol as an index of bacterial 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity.

Fecal steroid compositions of 82 human subjects of various ages and diets and gastrointestinal status were examined by gas liquid chromatography. Progressive increases in bacterial activities on both bile acids and neutral sterols were observed with the advance of age in infants and children. The patterns in the 4-year-olds approached those observed in adults. Bacterial activities on fecal steroids were found to be decreased in adult subjects with acute shigellosis and in those challenged by castor oil. In contrast, no significant changes in fecal steroid profiles were observed in the subjects with traveller's diarrhea associated with toxigenic Escherichia coli. The effects of diarrhea on fecal steroids of infants under 1 1/2 years were less consistent than those of adults. However, a close relationship was observed between the degree of 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of cholic acid (expressed as the ratio of deoxycholic to the sum of deoxycholic and cholic acids) and the percentage of cholesterol in the feces (r = -0.921, p less than 0.001). The correlation between the production of lithocholic acid and the percentage cholesterol was also good (r = -0.739, p less than 0.001). Analysis of neutral steroids may be a good index of intraluminal bile acid metabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Mortality in sarcoidosis. A changing pattern of the causes of death.

Forty-one deaths occurred among 1,090 patients with the clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis between 1960 and 1977. Thirteen patients died of causes unrelated to sarcoidosis, whereas death was related to sarcoidosis in 28 patients (68%). The most prevalent lesion leading to death was advanced pulmonary involvement (22/28 patients or 78%) with various late complications: cardiorespiratory failure, gram-negative pneumonias, fungal infections. The average clinical course among these 22 patients was 10 years from the onset of the disease. The average age at death was 39 years. Patients who died of central nervous system and cardiac sarcoidosis were younger, and their clinical course was shorter. Subclinical sarcoidosis does not seem to affect life span. Autopsy in 25 patients showed systemic sarcoid lesions in all, including asymptomatic patients and those presenting with clinical manifestations limited to the CNS and the heart. The discrepancy implies difficulty in making the diagnosis, and suggests the need of intensive diagnostic work-up. Improved medical therapy, particularly the control of infections and management of cardiorespiratory failure, has resulted in a protracted clinical course and a changing pattern of the causes of death in sarcoidosis.

Adult↗