Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C T Fitts

Publications and source records attributed to C T Fitts.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Reversal of acute renal failure using hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch.

Acute renal failure (ARF) was induced in two groups of unilaterally nephrectomized dogs by occluding the renal artery, vein, and ureter of the remaining kidney for 2 hours. The control group (Group I), had no therapy; in the experimental group (Group II), isovolemic hemodilution was carried out using 6% hydroxy ethyl starch (HES) as diluent. The hematocrit in the experimental animals was lowered from 41.62 +/- 3.6% to 23.75 +/- 5.2% after renal occlusion. The mean arterial pressure and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure were unchanged in either group. Cardiac output increased following hemodilution from 1.66 +/- 0.35 to 2.70 +/- 0.50 L/min while it remained unchanged in Group I. Control animals developed ARF characterized by progressive rise in serum creatinine concentration and death. Only 1/7 Group I animals was alive on day 7 compared to 7/7 of Group II (p less than 0.01). ARF that developed initially in Group II began to resolve after day 4. There was a progressive and significant fall in serum creatinine concentration from 6.48 +/- 0.67 mg/dl on day 4 to 4.08 +/- 0.83 mg/dl on day 7 (p less than 0.001). Immediate isovolemic hemodilution with HES can reverse ARF induced by ischemia.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1980

Dialysis enhances renal epithelial proliferations.

Study of 115 kidneys from 60 patients with chronic renal failure maintained by dialysis for two months to five years revealed an unexpected number and variety of epithelial proliferative processes, several types of which are hitherto unreported. Proliferative activity was defined either by the presence of epithelial structures in ectopic situations, continuity with existing structures being demonstrable by serial sections, or by mitotic figures, or by both. The tendency for renal carcinoma development may relate to these dialysis-related epithelial proliferations originating in both glomerular and tubular epithelia. Enhanced renal epithelial proliferative capacity in dialysis may be employable in the experimental study of renal regeneration and in the therapy of patients with preterminal renal disease.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1979

Studies of end-stage kidneys. III. Glycogen deposition in interstitial cells of the renal medulla.

Examination of kidneys of ten patients with uremia and severe hypertension treated by chronic intermittent hemodialysis revealed a deposition of glycogen within interstitial cells of the renal medulla. This is unlike any described renal distribution of glycogen. Electron microscopic studies performed in one case demonstrated monoparticulate glycogen both diffuse in the interstitial cell cytoplasm and locally aggregated beside lipid droplets. The findings provide evidence for a metabolic abnormality of renal medullary interstitial cells in patients who have protracted uremia.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Brief note. Induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in sheep with purified bovine basic protein and adjuvant.

A large animal model for the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to study the immunological disease parameters through closed-circuit extracorporeal thoracic duct filtration was successfully produced in two different strains of sheep. This study demonstrates the advantages of using a well-defined antigen to obtain both rapid onset of disease and a higher percentage of animals succumbing to the illness.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Eosinophilic occlusive pulmonic panarteritis associated with long-term antibiotic therapy.

The administration of antibiotics through central catheters for short periods of time frequently is encountered clinically. This report is an in vivo experimental study of long-term bolus administration of antibiotics through a central catheter inserted in the external jugular vein. Approximately 30 calves, which weighed between 180 and 225 kg, had silicone-rubber catheters inserted for protracted periods of time. Various concentrations of either penicillin, cephalothin, or streptomycin were given intravenously in bolus doses. Minimal doses given for long periods of time or large doses given over short periods of time did not produce any pulmonary vascular lesions. Large doses of antibiotics administered for long experimental periods routinely produced a pulmonary vascular lesion in the medium-size and small-size pulmonary arterioles. The vasculitis consists of a diffuse eosinophilic infiltrate located perivascularly and throughout the intima and media. Associated with the vasculitis was a diffuse hyperplasia of the intima and media which frequently stenosed the vascular lumen. These studies suggest an association between large bolus dosages of antibiotics given over a prlonged period via a central catheter and a constrictive pulmonary arteriolar eosinophilic panvasculitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Frustrations in renal donation.

Extensive evaluation of a small series of potential renal donors has revealed an alarming rate of previously unsuspected disease precluding acceptability for renal donation. Of 19 patients considered for donation at the Medical University of South Carolina, 15 were unsuitable for medical reasons (diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, sickle cell trait, hypertension, polycystic kidneys, duodenal ulcer, pulmonary disease), psychologic reasons, or changes on renal arteriography consistent with nephrosclerosis. The importance of a thorough donor evaluation including total patient awareness of the risks involved for both himself and the recipient and extensive psychologic testing is stressed. Even with strict criteria for renal donation, this high rejection rate is surprising.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Use of Allen Brown shunt between profunda femoris artery and long saphenous vein for hemodialysis access.

Maintaining circulatory access in some patients on chronic hemodialysis can tax the ingenuity and skill of the best of surgeons. For the last few years, we have used the Allen Brown shunt between the profunda femoris artery and the long saphenous vein in selected patients with considerable success. This procedure adds another useful weapon to the armamentarium of the surgeon who has the responsibility of maintaining circulatory access in patients on chronichemodialysis.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗
PubMed1977

Architectural alteration of lymphatic tissue produced by extracorporeal thoracic duct filtration.

Removal of recirculating lymphocytes from the lymph of calves by extracorporeal thoracic duct filtration results in a state of immunounresponsiveness. Accompanying this is histological evidence of lymphocyte depletion from the lymph organs and structures of the body. Lymph nodes, spleen, hemolymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and thymus appear depleted of the recirculating small lymphocyte. We find this closed model of lymphocyte depletion effective and free of seyere problems with infections and physiological alterations as experienced in mechanical removal, extracorporeal irradiation, and open thoracic duct fistulas.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A study of the treatment of pit viper envenomization in 45 patients.

Forty-five patients with snake bite were studied: 33 were classified nontoxic and 12 toxic. There were no deaths and four complications in the nontoxic group; two deaths and three complications in the toxic group. The data suggest that rapid recovery is generally to be expected in nontoxic patients regardless of the form of local therapy. The risk of antivenin complications outweighs the minimal therapeutic benefits when administered to most nontoxic patients. If nausea and vomiting are the only manifestations of systemic toxicity antivenin may not be necessary for rapid and complete recovery. The combination of hypotension and bleeding diathesis represents a particularly severe form of toxicity that may result in death if adequate systemic and supportive therapy is not rapidly instituted.

Antivenins↗
PubMed1976

Selective elimination of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response by extracorporeal thoracic duct filtration.

Calves were sensitized to tuberculin and histoplasmin. The delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response to these antigens was produced and the diameter of induration measured. Repeated skin tests prior to filtration demonstrated that the amount of induration produced by these skin tests was closely reproducible. Histoplasmin or tuberculin-coated columns were then introduced into a closed circuit extracorporeal thoracic duct circulation. A significant (P is less than 0.01) reduction or ablation of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response was obtained to the antigen used to coat the column. In contrast, no significant reduction occurred in the skin test response to the other antigen. Repeated skin tests to both antigens after the cessation of filtration showed a gradual rise toward prefiltration levels in the skin test to the filtered antigen. The results of these experiments indicate that a selective population of T lymphocytes can be removed from an in vivo system. The removal of these cells can selectively reduce a delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test response to a particular antigen. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a type of in vivo selective immunosuppression can be produced by antigen-coated columns when they are placed in an extracorporeal thoracic duct lymph circulation system.

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

Lack of effect of azathioprine on phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation and established delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity.

The effect of experimental long-term azathioprine administration on pre-existing in vitro and in vivo manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity was examined. Adult ewes were administered 3 mg/kg/day azathioprine for periods of up to 28 days. Neither phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced nor tuberculin-induced lymphocyte transformation was affected. Similarly, pre-existing skin test positivity to tuberculin showed no observable change following drug therapy. These results agree with the majority of those involving clinical situations and indicate that immunosuppression with azathiprine cannot be effectively monitored by either the lymphocyte transformation response to PHA or by changes in the in vivo or in vitro manifestations of pre-existing delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

In vitro response of bovine thoracic duct lymphocyte to phytohaemagglutinin following adult thymectomy.

The effect of adult thymectomy on the thoracic duct lymphocyte population of yearling calves has been investigated. Four to 6 weeks after thymectomy animals showed significantly reduced thoracic duct lymphocyte concentrations when compared to non-thymectomized controls. In addition, phytohaemagglutinin responsiveness of thoracic duct lymphocytes, measured by (3H) thymidine uptake, was significantly decreased following adult thymectomy. However, this decreased response to PHA was not accompanied by a change in spontaneous isotope incorporation. It is concluded that adult thymectomy in the bovine probably leads to a reduction in the number of PHA responsive T cells in the thoracic duct lymph.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Glucose and insulin responses in sheep subjected to a second episode of hemorrhagic shock.

These studies indicated that the responses of the sheep beta cell parallel mnay of those seen in man. Regulation by pH, potassium, and epinephrine and suggested, as is the existence of a two-pool system for insulin synthesis and release which is responsive to glucose. Differences in glucose and insulin responses following a second episode of shock are noted. It is shown that the addition of hypertonic glucose to a resuscitation regimen is associated with a response to a second episode of shock that is more nearly like that to a first episode of shock.

Animals↗