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Biomedical subjects

C T Beck

Publications and source records attributed to C T Beck.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Use of meta-analysis as a teaching strategy in nursing research courses.

In order to become knowledgeable consumers of nursing research, nursing students must be able to critically read research and determine the study's value for nursing practice. As the number of nursing intervention studies rises and research topics are studied more extensively, the use of meta-analysis in the discipline of nursing will also increase. The same scientific rigor demanded of other types of research must be applied to meta-analysis. In this article two teaching strategies using meta-analysis are shared for sharpening both undergraduate and graduate nursing students' critiquing skills. On the undergraduate level, nursing students can assess the quality of the studies included in a particular meta-analysis. On the graduate level, students can use an appraisal checklist of criteria for evaluating the actual meta-analysis.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1996

A concept analysis of panic.

Minimal attention has been focused on the concept of panic in the discipline of nursing. Hindering a greater understanding of panic is its lack of explication and development in nursing. To help remedy this situation, a concept analysis of panic was performed. The hybrid model of concept development was used, which consists of an initial theoretical phase, a fieldwork phase, and a final analytical phase. In the theoretical phase, after a cross-disciplinary literature search was done, existing definitions and measurement of the concept of panic were analyzed, and a working definition of panic was formulated. In the fieldwork phase, women experiencing postpartum panic disorder were interviewed to collect qualitative data for further analysis of panic. The final phase focused on comparing and contrasting the findings from the theoretical phase with the insights discovered from the fieldwork. Applicability of panic across nursing is addressed along with implications for nursing theory, practice, and research.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1996

Nursing students' experiences caring for cognitively impaired elderly people.

Over the next half century the population of moderately to severely demented individuals is projected to nearly triple. Because high complex technology is usually not required in the care of cognitively impaired elderly people, these individuals may be the first patients nursing students are assigned to care for. Despite the fact that these elderly people do not require "high tech' care, their nursing care can be extremely challenging for nursing students. In order to help prepare nursing students to meet this challenge, a phenomenological study was conducted to describe the meaning of nursing students' experiences caring for cognitively impaired elderly people. Thirty-seven undergraduate nursing students participated in the study. Each student described in writing an experience he/she had had while caring for a cognitively impaired elderly person. Using Colaizzi's phenomenological method to analyse these descriptions, five themes emerged. Nursing students experienced a myriad of emotions such as frustration, sadness, fear and empathy. Caring for cognitively impaired elderly people presented difficult challenges for nursing students to overcome. Because of the difficulties encountered in caring for confused elderly people, nursing students utilized multiple nursing care approaches. As a result of giving care to elderly people suffering from dementia, negative consequences ensued for some nursing students. The positive outweighed the negative consequences in the phenomenological study. Implications for nurse educators are addressed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Meta-analysis: overview and application to clinical nursing practice.

If nursing practice is to benefit from the abundance of nursing research being conducted, a technique is needed to synthesize and integrate the results of individual studies. Meta-analysis, a quantitative approach to literature review, is such a technique. This article provides an overview of meta-analysis. Examples of published meta-analysis studies in obstetric and neonatal nursing are discussed to illustrate the clinical significance of this technique.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1995

Screening methods for postpartum depression.

Nine to fifteen percent of women who have recently given birth experience postpartum depression; however, only a small portion of these women are identified as depressed by health professionals. To improve this poor detection rate, a new screening tool, the Postpartum Depression Checklist (PDC), was constructed, based on the findings of two qualitative studies. The PDC is a simple, practical device for use by health professionals that provides an opportunity to engage a woman actively in a dialogue about her experiences with the 11 symptoms included on the checklist. Its use by health professionals during the 1st year postpartum may help to ensure that mothers who experience postpartum depression receive treatment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Women's temporal experiences during the delivery process: a phenomenological study.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover the meaning of women's temporal experiences during the delivery process. Seven mothers were interviewed on their second day postpartum and asked to describe in depth all their thoughts and feelings related to their lived experiences of time passing during labor and delivery. Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used to analyze the data. The paradoxical and fluctuating nature of women's temporal experiences during the delivery process emerged. Implications for nursing practice are addressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Phenomenology: its use in nursing research.

As nurses begin to recognize the incongruities between their philosophy of nursing and their research methods, growing acceptance of phenomenology as an alternative research method is occurring. This trend is evidenced by the increase in publications of phenomenological research studies in nursing literature. The purpose of this article is to review (a) some philosophical and methodological issues of phenomenology and (b) the use of phenomenology in nursing research. The studies reviewed in this article illustrate the breadth of applicability of this qualitative method for nursing. Phenomenological research has been conducted with persons ranging from adolescents to the oldest old. Diverse clinical specialties of nursing have already proven fertile areas for phenomenological research such as medical-surgical, maternal-child, gerontological, and emergency room nursing.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1994

Achieving statistical power through research design sensitivity.

The challenge for nurse researchers is to design their intervention studies with sufficient sensitivity to detect the treatment effects they are investigating. In order to meet this challenge, researchers must understand the factors that influence statistical power. Underpowered studies can result in a majority of null results in a research area when, in fact, the interventions are effective. The sensitivity of a research design is not a function of just one element of the design but of the entire research design: its plan, implementation and statistical analysis. When discussing factors that can increase a research design's statistical power, attention is most often focused on increasing sample size. This paper addresses a variety of factors and techniques, other than increasing sample size, that nurse researchers can use to enhance the sensitivity of a research design so that it can attain adequate power.

Nursing Research↗
PubMed1994

Replication strategies for nursing research.

Implementing research findings into nursing practice has been seriously hampered by the lack of replication studies. One deterrent to replication is the vague and scant treatment that replication methodology has been given in the nursing literature. Knowledge of different replication strategies will enable researchers to choose the most appropriate approach. Four of the most frequently cited classifications of replication research are compared and a review of replication studies in nursing from 1983 to 1992 is included.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1994

Reliability and validity issues in phenomenological research.

Reliability and validity are two areas where the criteria of logical empiricism appear to be imposed upon phenomenology as a research method. Cross-paradigmatic communication can result in difficulties because the same words may have different meanings. It cannot be assumed that reliability and validity have the same meaning in logical empiricism and phenomenology. Even among the three most frequently used phenomenological methods in nursing research, lack of consensus exists regarding the issues of reliability and validity. In order to help clarify reliability and validity from the phenomenological perspective, Colaizzi, Giorgi, and VanKaam's methodologies are compared and contrasted regarding their stance on these issues. Lincoln and Guba's four major criteria for rigor in qualitative inquiry, truth value, applicability, consistency, and neutrality may offer phenomenologists an appropriate alternative to logical positivists' terminology.

Nursing Research↗
PubMed1993

Nursing students' initial clinical experience: a phenomenological study.

Nursing students have revealed that one of the most anxiety-producing aspects of their clinical experience is the initial clinical experience. In order to help students through their initial clinical experience, faculty must first understand more fully the meaning of this experience for nursing students. A phenomenological study was conducted to explore the lived experience of nursing students' first clinical experience. Eighteen undergraduate nursing students described in writing an experience they had during their first day of clinical. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Six theme clusters emerged: pervading anxiety, feeling abandoned, encountering reality shock, envisioning self as incompetent, doubting choices, and uplifting consequences. Implications for nurse educators are addressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Qualitative research: the evaluation of its credibility, fittingness, and auditability.

The three criteria of credibility, fittingness, and auditability have been focused on in the hope of facilitating the critique of qualitative research. Once criteria that are appropriate to qualitative methodologies are developed, the scientific merit of these research studies can truly be appreciated. If traditional scientific criteria relevant to quantitative studies are used to critique qualitative methods, the development and acceptance of this paradigm-transcending research will be hindered.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1992

[Emergency Cesarean section--analysis of 143 emergency sections].

Since compromises must be accepted in emergency Caesarean sections in respect of preparation, anaesthesia and hygienic standards, 143 emergency caesarean sections out of a total number of 37,583 deliveries were analysed during 1981-1990 from four different obstetrical departments as well as risks, complications, maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality were studied. In connection with these operations, which are not influenced only by medical factors but also by logistics, two mothers died (1.4%). Perinatal mortality was 3.3% (unpurified perinatal mortality: 8.5%). Neither the influence of time, when the Caesarean section was performed, nor the place of operation (theatre or labor bed), nor the indication for the operation on foetal outcome and maternal morbidity were found. Maternal morbidity was mainly contributed to pre- and intraoperative bleeding. Intraoperatively 12.6% and postoperatively 10.5% of the patients had to be given heterologous blood conserves. In more than a third of the newborn, which had been delivered by emergency Caesarean section, because of a pathological cardiotocogram, the pH values showed no pathological findings. The benefit of an antibiotic prophylaxis in emergency Caesarean sections could be significantly demonstrated, showing the different rates of secondary healing complications. A particular problem exists in emergency Caesarean sections for the delivery of the second twin following spontaneous delivery of the first one (2.8%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Caring between nursing students and physically/mentally handicapped children: a phenomenological study.

Advanced technology has increased the life expectancy to age 20 for most chronically ill children. Consequently, nurses will be encountering an increasing number of physically and mentally handicapped children. Nursing students' discovery of the meaning of caring with exceptional children will help prepare them for interactions with these special children during their nursing careers. A phenomenological study was undertaken to explore 36 nursing students' caring experiences with physically and mentally handicapped children. Van Kaam's phenomenological methodology was used to analyze the data. Sharing the findings of this phenomenological study with nursing students is one approach faculty can use to help reduce their anxiety regarding upcoming clinical rotations with exceptional children.

Adult↗