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Biomedical subjects

C Sundaram

Publications and source records attributed to C Sundaram.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Calcified medulloblastoma in a child.

Calcification is an unusual and atypical feature in medulloblastomas. Here we report a case of calcified medulloblastoma in a 5-year-old boy. The clinical correlation of this radiological finding is discussed.

Calcinosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic diagnosis of pancreatic tuberculosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients: a report of 2 cases.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic tuberculosis (PT) is a very rare occurrence in the setting of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It usually occurs as a complication of miliary tuberculosis in immunodeficient individuals, particularly with HIV infections, but isolated involvement in an immunocompetent patient is extremely rare. Pancreatic involvement by tuberculosis in immunocompromised states, such as AIDS, and isolated involvement in immunocompetent patients require a high index of suspicion. Fine needle aspiration cytology under imaging guidance is highly conclusive. CASES: A patient presented with diabetes mellitus and a pancreatic mass clinically diagnosed as pancreatic carcinoma. A second patient, who was HIV seropositive, presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and a pancreatic mass, clinically diagnosed as lymphoma. These were conclusively diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as PT under imaging guidance. After antituberculous therapy the first patient showed a dramatic improvement, whereas the second died; an autopsy was performed. Because of the atypical presentation of PT in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, FNAC can be used as a first-line diagnostic intervention. FNAC under imaging guidance is sensitive, specific, rapid and inexpensive. It resolves the diagnostic dilemma and thus avoids major surgery for a clinically diagnosed neoplasm.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infantile rhabdomyofibrosarcoma: a distinct variant or a missing link between fibrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma?

Infantile rhabdomyofibrosarcoma (IRMFS) is a rare soft tissue tumour affecting infants and young children. It occupies an intermediate position between infantile fibrosarcoma and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma in its clinical presentation, behaviour, morphology, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features. This case is reported here to reiterate its occurrence as tumour with distinct morphological immunohistochemical and clinical behavioral patterns.

Fibrosarcoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis in falciparum malaria.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular jaundice occurring in patients with falciparum malaria has been called as malarial hepatitis. METHODS: We studied 95 consecutive patients admitted with falciparum malaria. Of these 20 had evidence of malarial hepatitis. Their clinical presentation, complications and response to treatment was compared with that of patients without evidence of malarial hepatitis. RESULTS: The clinical presentation of these patients was not different from those without hepatitis. However, the incidence of complications such as renal failure (60% vs 25%; X2 = 8.47, p < 0.01), Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (35% vs 3%; X2 = 18.13, p < 0.001) and septicemia (20% vs 6%; X2 = 4.01, p < 0.05) was significantly higher. The mortality also was higher in the group of patients with malarial hepatitis (40% vs 17%; X2 = 4.85, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the presence of hepatitis in patients with falciparum malaria indicates a more severe illness with a higher incidence of complications and a poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated splenic tuberculosis.

The authors report two cases of isolated splenic tuberculosis treated since 1989 in Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences. One case presented as pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) and another with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Both were found to have splenic tuberculosis after splenectomy. Pre operative diagnosis could not be made in these cases. Splenectomy followed by antituberculous chemotherapy cured the condition in both the cases. The authors underline the diagnostic difficulties, essentially related to the rarity of this condition inspite of the progress in modern imaging.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cranial and intracranial actinomycosis.

Five patients with central nervous system actinomycosis are presented. There were risk factors in 2 patients like penetrating head injury and tetralogy of Fallot. All the cases were diagnosed by histopathology. Four patients recovered after surgery and antibiotic therapy, and 1 patient died.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rabies encephalitis following fox bite--histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of lesions caused by virus.

Rabies caused by fox bite is uncommon, most cases being caused by bite of rabid dogs (95%). We report a 45-year-old lady with rabies encephalomyelitis caused by bite of a rabid wild fox (Vulpes vulpes), a species prevalent in the Deccan plateaus of Central India. Though foxes are known to be susceptible to rabies, literature on the pathological changes caused by fox bite rabies in humans is scarce. Unlike the mild histological alterations described in canine rabies, a florid encephalitic process evolved in fox bite rabies, in our case, with intense microglial reaction, neuronophagia and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates despite clinical manifestation as a paralytic rabies. Immunostaining using polyclonal antibodies to the rabies viral nucleocapsid antigen and to the whole virion demonstrated high viral load within neurons with extensive spread along dendritic arborization and axonal tracts. Genomic sequence analysis demonstrated close homology with canine virus strain with only minor variations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated Rosai Dorfman disease of the central nervous system presenting as dural-based and intraparenchymal lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To report three patients with isolated Rosai Dorfman disease of the central nervous system. CASE REPORTS: We report two patients with dural-based lesions diagnosed imageologically as meningiomas, and one patient with multiple intraparenchymal lesions diagnosed imageologically as lymphoma. Two patients were males and one was female. All were above 35 years of age with no nodal or other system involvement. The diagnosis was established on surgically excised masses during histopathology. One patient died due to unrelated causes 10 years later and the other two are symptom-free at 21.5- and 11.5-year-follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the entity and consideration in the differential diagnosis of dural-based/intraparenchymal lesions is necessary for diagnosis and prognosis.

Adult↗