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Biomedical subjects

C Stanton

Publications and source records attributed to C Stanton.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Neuronal antinuclear antibodies in a patient with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and small-cell lung carcinoma.

A patient with small-cell lung carcinoma and the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome had circulating neuronal antinuclear antibodies. Serum stained the nuclei of all neurons in sections of human brain and identified a closely spaced group of 33-39 kDa proteins in immunoblots of human neuronal nuclei. These autoantibodies are indistinguishable from those recently identified in patients with paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuronopathy.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1989

A controlled study of efficacy of interstitial or external irradiation in a virus-induced brain-tumor model in rats.

In a controlled study of interstitial radiotherapy in the avian sarcoma virus (ASV)-induced glioma model in rats, prolongation of survival was demonstrated (p = 0.08 in Experiment 1 and p = 0.03 in Experiment 2) following mean dosages of 7582 to 9902 cGy 125I, when compared to nontreatment or to control studies with implantation of nonradioactive seeds. More significant (p = 0.02) prolongation of survival was demonstrated following external beam whole-head radiotherapy with nine fractions of 333 cGy, three times weekly over 3 weeks (total dose 3000 cGy). Survival was more prolonged when whole-head radiotherapy was begun 35 days following virus inoculation rather than at 71 days, probably reflecting a greater efficacy with smaller tumor targets.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Factors responsible for the high perforation rate seen in early childhood appendicitis.

The incidence of perforated appendicitis has remained high in the infant and young child resulting in substantial morbidity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors contributing to the high perforation rate seen in this age group. A retrospective analysis was done on 77 patients under the age of seven who underwent appendectomy for appendicitis. The perforation rate was 72.7 per cent. Duration of pain correlated with patient age and perforation rate. Under the age of five, only 17 per cent had symptoms for less than 36 hours. Children with symptoms that lasted longer than 48 hours had a perforation rate of 98 per cent. Associated illnesses including respiratory infections, otitis media, and gastroenteritis were common in both simple and perforated appendicitis, often leading to a delay in diagnosis. Of patients with perforation, 36 per cent were seen at least once by the primary physician and discharged. The keys to the diagnosis of appendicitis in this young age group were history and physical exam. Right lower quadrant findings were present in 95 per cent of patients with simple appendicitis and 71 per cent of patients with perforation. The primary-care physician and consulting surgeon have crucial roles in diagnosing the disease early in its course.

Appendicitis↗
PubMed1988

The immunohistochemical demonstration of early perineurial change in the development of localized hypertrophic neuropathy.

A case of localized hypertrophic mononeuropathy was studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry for S100 protein, epitopes recognized by the Leu-7 monoclonal antibody, 200 kD neurofilament polypeptide, and the epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The primary role of perineurial cell proliferation without the participation of Schwann cells in this process was directly demonstrated by EMA immunohistochemistry. Focal delamination of the EMA-positive perineurium, increased fibrosis between its layers, and compartmentalization of the fascicles by EMA-positive septae were the first recognizable changes. In practice, recognition of these early changes by EMA immunocytochemistry may be important for the clear definition of functionally unimpaired segmental margins for excision and graft implantation, and also for the future study of the process responsible for aberrant perineurial proliferation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Graft appendiceal fistulas.

We report the fifth case of a graft appendiceal fistula. The four previously reported cases are reviewed. This is the first report of the utility of the tagged red blood cell study in the evaluation of a patient with a graft appendiceal fistula.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Late multifocal gliomas in adolescents previously treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Three of 37 adolescents in long-term remission from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developed malignant multifocal gliomas several years after completing treatment that included central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis with radiation (RT) and intrathecal methotrexate (IT-MTX). No recurrence of the leukemia was evident when the CNS tumors were discovered. Seventeen other similar cases have been recorded. The occurrence of second malignancies is reviewed in the context of this development and of the oncogenic effects of radiation. It is probable that prolonged exposure to IT-MTX may have had a synergistic effect with radiation in contributing to the unusual incidence of glial tumors in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Expression of epithelial membrane antigen in perineurial cells and their derivatives. An immunohistochemical study with multiple markers.

Paraffin-embedded surgical pathology specimens from skin (5) and muscle (2) biopsies, from Morton's neuromas (3), traumatic neuromas (8), schwannomas (21), neurofibromas (12), and from one perineurioma and one neurothekeoma were studied by immunoperoxidase histochemistry and antibodies against epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), Leu 7 epitopes (Leu 7), S-100 protein (S-100) and cytokeratins. Normal, reactive and neoplastic perineurial cells stain consistently for EMA, whereas Schwann cells express Leu 7 and/or S-100 positivity. None of the immunoreactive cells stained for cytokeratin. Our findings indicate that perineurial and Schwann cells can easily be distinguished by their different patterns of immunoreactivity with the above markers.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1987

GFA protein reactivity in nerve sheath tumors: a polyvalent and monoclonal antibody study.

We studied glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein immunoreactivity in 30 schwannomas, including two intracerebral examples, 26 neurofibromas and 12 neuromas using the immunoperoxidase method with a polyvalent antiserum (PVAS) and three well-characterized monoclonal antibody (MAb) preparations. Twelve of the schwannomas, including both intracerebral tumors, two of the neurofibromas and none of the neuromas immunostained with PVAS. Except for one schwannoma, all the PVAS-positive tumors were positive with two of the MAb preparations. While both of the intracerebral schwannomas were positive with the third MAb, none of the extracerebral tumors were. Our results suggest that: 1) human nerve sheath tumors contain cells having polypeptides that share epitopes with GFA protein, but 2) these polypeptides differ from astrocytic GFA protein by at least one epitope, and 3) the location of the tumors in relation to the central nervous system may influence GFA protein immunoreactivity.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antioxidant enzyme defence responses of human MCF-7 and SW480 cancer cells to conjugated linoleic acid.

The relationship between antioxidant-enzyme defence responses and cellular growth suppression in human MCF-7 (breast) and SW480 (colon) cancer cells, exposed to CLA in culture was studied. MCF-7 and SW480 cells (1 x 10(6)/flask) were cultured in appropriate medium for 4, 8 and 12 days with varying levels of CLA (0-30 ppm). A dose-dependent decrease in cell numbers and increase in lipid peroxidation, as determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was observed in both cell lines following incubation with CLA. Exposure of both cell lines to 20 ppm CLA for 2-6 days produced a reduction (83-91%) in 3H-leucine incorporation into protein while 3H-uridine and 3H-thymidine incorporation into RNA and DNA were reduced by 49-91% and 86-98%, respectively, compared with untreated control cells. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were induced in both cell lines exposed to CLA (20 ppm) over a period of 12 days, although to a greater extent in MCF-7 cells than in SW480 cells. The data indicate that CLA-induced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and SW480 cancer cell lines is related to the extent of lipid peroxidation of CLA treated cells and affirm that the CLA- induced antioxidant enzymes failed to protect these cells from cytotoxic lipid peroxidation products.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Milk fat conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits growth of human mammary MCF-7 cancer cells.

The relationship between growth and the antioxidant enzyme defence system in human MCF-7 (breast) cancer cells treated with bovine milk fat enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was studied. Milk enriched in CLA was obtained from cows on pasture supplemented with full fat rapeseeds and full fat soyabeans (1). Cell number decreased up to 90% (p < 0.05) and lipid peroxidation increased 15-fold (p < 0.05) following incubation of MCF-7 cells for 8 days with increasing levels of milk fat yielding CLA concentrations between 16.9 and 22.6 ppm. Growth suppression and prooxidant effects of milk fat CLA were independent of the variable composition of the milk fat samples, suggesting that CLA was the active ingredient in milk fat responsible for the cytotoxic effect. Mixtures containing isomers of CLA (c9, t11-, t10, c12-, c11, t13- and minor amounts of other isomers) and linoleic acid (LA) at similar concentrations to the milk fat samples were as effective at inhibiting growth and stimulating peroxidation of MCF-7 cells as the milk fatty acids. Incubation of the cells with the c9, t11 CLA isomer (20 ppm) or the mixture of CLA isomers (20 ppm) for 8 days resulted in a 60% decrease (p < 0.05) in viability compared with untreated controls and was significantly (p < 0.05) more effective than incubation with the t10, c12 CLA isomer (20 ppm), which caused only a 15% decrease in cell numbers under similar conditions. A 25% increase (p < 0.05) in cell proliferation occurred when LA (20 ppm) alone was incubated with MCF-7 cells for 8 days. 14C-CLA was preferentially incorporated into the phospholipid fraction of the MCF-7 cell lipids in a dose-dependent manner and CLA accumulated in cell membranes more efficiently when the cells were incubated in the presence of milk fat than the c9, t11 synthetic CLA isomer. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were induced in MCF-7 cells exposed to milk fat (containing 16.9-22.6 ppm CLA) over 8 days. The data indicate that milk fat triglyceride-bound CLA, consisting primarily of the c9, t11 isomer, was cytotoxic towards MCF-7 cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent Lhermitte-Duclos disease: report of two cases and association with Cowden's disease.

Two cases of Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD), one associated with Cowden's disease, are reported. Both demonstrated recurrence long after initial surgical resection. There is a propensity for occurrence in the left cerebellar hemisphere. On MR there is hypointensity on T1-weighted images and moderately high signal on T2-weighted images, with parallel linear striations on the surface of the lesion felt to represent dysplastic cerebellar folia. LDD is felt to be a low-grade neoplasm and potential component of Cowden's phakomatosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surveillance for fetal alcohol syndrome in Colorado.

The authors performed surveillance for fetal alcohol syndrome with an existing birth defects registry. Fetal alcohol syndrome cases were identified from multiple sources using passive surveillance and from two selected medical sites using enhanced surveillance. Between May 1992 and March 1994, a total of 173 cases were identified, and the medical records of the cases were reviewed to determine whether the cases met a surveillance case definition for fetal alcohol syndrome. Of these cases, 37 (21 percent) met either definite (28) or probable (9) criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome, 76 met possible criteria (44 percent), and 60 (35 percent) were defined as not fetal alcohol syndrome. Enhanced surveillance had the highest sensitivity for definite or probable cases, 31 of 37 (84 percent), followed by hospital discharge data, 14 of 37 (38 percent). The authors also compared birth certificate information for 22 definite or probable cases in children born between 1989 and 1992 to birth certificate information for all Colorado births for that period. The proportion of mothers of children with fetal alcohol syndrome was statistically significantly greater (as determined by exact binomial 95 percent confidence limits) than the proportion of all mothers for the following characteristics: black race (0.23 versus 0.05), unmarried (0.55 versus 0.22), not employed during pregnancy (0.86 versus 0.43), and started prenatal care in the third trimester (0.18 versus 0.04). Surveillance for fetal alcohol syndrome can be accomplished with an existing registry system in combination with additional case finding and verification activities. Through followup investigation of reported cases, data can be gathered on the mothers of children with fetal alcohol syndrome. These data could be used to target fetal alcohol syndrome prevention programs.

Alcohol Drinking↗