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Biomedical subjects

C Stanley

Publications and source records attributed to C Stanley.

68 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Failure of affinity maturation leads to increased susceptibility to immune complex glomerulonephritis.

Mice, previously selected for the production of low affinity antibody after four injections of protein antigens in saline, fell into two groups on the basis of their antibody response after injection of adjuvantized antigen. One group produced antibody of sequentially rising affinity but the other produced only low affinity antibody. Mice from the latter group were interbred to produce low affinity non-maturing mice (low N/M mice). Daily injections in these mice produced a more rapid and severe glomerulonephritis than that observed in mice of the original low affinity line. Male low N/M mice were more severely affected than female low N/M mice. Susceptibility to the disease were associated not only with an inability to produce the maturational transition from low affinity to high affinity antibody with time but also with the production of low levels of antibody. It is suggested that these quantitative and qualitative defects in the antibody response may lead to increased susceptibility to immune complex disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Glycogen storage disease: effects of glucose infusions on [15N]glycine kinetics and nitrogen metabolism.

The effects of intragastric glucose infusions on [15N]glycine kinetics and whole body protein turnover were investigated in four children with type I and two children with type III glycogen storage disease. Either fasting or the administration of insufficient glucose was associated with a diminution in the glycine pool size relative to values observed when patients received adequate glucose. The cause of the smaller pool size was an increased fractional glycine turnover. Simultaneous determination of whole body protein turnover, using a stochastic model based on [15N]urea excretion, showed higher rates of protein synthesis, nitrogen flux, net tissue protein retention, and reutilization of amino acid nitrogen derived from protein catabolism, in patients receiving sufficient exogenous glucose. Depletion of amino acid pools, presumably because of intensive utilization of these gluconeogenic precursors when inadequate glucose is administered, was associated with a lower rate of whole body protein synthesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The measurement of antibody affinity: a comparison of five techniques utilizing a panel of monoclonal anti-DNP antibodies and the effect of high affinity antibody on the measurement of low affinity antibody.

The affinities of 9 IgG1 monoclonal anti-dinitrophenol (DNP) antibodies for 3H-epsilon-DNP-L-lysine, 125I-HOP-DNP-L-lysine and 125I-DNP-human serum albumin (HSA) were determined. 3H-DNP-lysine was used in equilibrium dialysis and ammonium sulphate globulin precipitation assays; 125I-HOP-DNP-lysine was used in equilibrium dialysis and polyethylene glycol precipitation; and 125I-DNP5-HSA in the polyethylene glycol precipitation assay for affinity. The ranking order of the monoclonal antibodies in terms of affinity by the assays was significantly correlated. Of particular importance was the observation that the simple and widely applicable globulin precipitation assay utilizing a protein antigen produced affinity values which showed concordance with the least equivocal but cumbersome assay, equilibrium dialysis. Mixing of antibodies of high and low affinity demonstrated that even a low proportion of high affinity antibody had marked effect on measurements of the amount and affinity of a predominantly low affinity antibody preparation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Metabolic meaning of elevated levels of oxidative enzymes in high altitude adapted animals: an interpretive hypothesis.

It is commonly observed that during acclimatization to altitude oxidative enzyme activities increase per g wet weight of tissue. To examine this problem in long-term adapted animals we measured citrate synthase (CS), hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities/g of myocardium in two domestic species (llama and alpaca) and a high altitude deer, the taruca. In all these species, we found an upward scaling of oxidative capacity (indicated by absolute activities of CS and HOAD) but a downward scaling of anaerobic/aerobic metabolic potentials of the heart (indicated by low ratios of LDH/CS, and LDH/HOAD, but high ratios of PK/LDH). As the direction and magnitude of these long-term adaptations are the same as in shorter-term acclimatizations, we wondered why a similar pattern at the enzyme level correlates with the right shift of the O2 dissociation curve (ODC) in the latter case, but with a left shifted ODC in the former. We hypothesize that in the long term, increased oxidative enzyme activities allow increased maximum flux capacity of aerobic metabolism. This in turn calls for physiological adjustments in O2 transfer systems; flux limits of the former must be matched by flux limits of the latter. Only then can an acceptably high scope for aerobic activity be achieved despite reduced O2 availability in inspired air. Such long-term match-up invariably calls for a left-shifted ODC plus other well known adjustments in O2 transport. In the short term, right shifting the ODC may increase the total amount of aerobic work possible (by favoring O2 unloading and thus raising tissue O2 concentration), yet maximum flux capacity cannot be changed much because mitochondrial metabolism is designed for maintaining stable rates of ATP synthesis even at widely varying O2 tensions. That is why even in short-term acclimatization, in order to increase flux capacity, the activities of oxidative enzymes also must be increased.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1981

Chronic antigen-antibody-complex glomerulonephritis in mice.

Daily injection of human serum albumin into mice genetically selected to produce low-affinity antibody to protein antigens resulted in a more severe antigen-antibody-complex-induced glomerulonephritis than in mice producing high-affinity antibody. The low-affinity mice had higher levels of circulating antigen-antibody complexes, greater impairment of renal function and reduced reticuloendothelial clearance of 125I-PVP compared to high-affinity mice. Electron microscopy of glomeruli revealed the presence of subepithelial electron-dense deposits in low-affinity mice and predominantly subendothelial-mesangial deposits in high-affinity mice which corresponded to the predominantly capillary staining in low-affinity mice and mesangial staining in high-affinity mice by immunofluorescence. Auto-radiography of electron-microscopy sections demonstrated the presence of antigen in the electron-dense deposits, indicating that these deposits indeed contained antigen-antigen complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Gray scale ultrasound evaluation of hepatic neoplasms: patterns and correlations.

Ninety malignant hepatic neoplasms were studied by gray scale ultrasound. Four different ultrasonic patterns were observed: (a) discrete, relatively echo-free masses; (b) discrete, relatively echogenic masses; (c) totally echo-free masses; and (d) a diffuse alteration of echo architecture without discrete masses. There has been no apparent association of ultrasonic pattern with either the histologic type of neoplasm or the angiographic vascularity. Corresponding isotopic data is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1971

Influence of the indigenous gastrointestinal microbial flora on duodenal alkaline phosphatase activity in mice.

Alkaline phosphatase activity was assayed by two procedures in duodenal homogenates from specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice of various ages, adult germfree mice, adult ex-germ-free mice colonized with an indigenous microflora from the SPF mice, and adult ex-germ-free mice monocontaminated with a Lactobacillus sp. indigenous to the SPF mice. In the SPF neonates, the activity remained at low levels until at least 12 days of age, increased to high levels at 20 days of age, and then fell to adult levels between the early neonatal and later high levels. In the germ-free mice, the activity levels were significantly higher than the levels in SPF mice at any age. In contrast, in the ex-germ-free animals, colonized by an entire indigenous microflora, the values fell within the range for adult SPF animals. In the ex-germ-free mice colonized only by the Lactobacillus sp., the activity levels were intermediate between the values for germ-free and SPF mice. These findings show that the indigenous microbial flora influences considerably the intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in the mouse.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The healing touch.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Deafness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reed-Sternberg cells in sputum from a patient with Hodgkin's disease. A case report.

A patient with stage IV Hodgkin's disease developed severe dyspnea and was found to have pulmonary infiltrates one year following his initial diagnosis of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, stage IIB. Two separate cell block sputum cytology samples demonstrated Reed-Sternberg cells. The patient died of respiratory failure. At autopsy the main findings were extensive confluent nodules of Hodgkin's disease nearly replacing the pulmonary parenchyma of both lungs. Cytology of sputum or bronchial washings may reveal diagnostic Reed-Sternberg cells and establish the diagnosis of pulmonary Hodgkin's disease without a lung biopsy.

Adult↗