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Biomedical subjects

C Spengler

Publications and source records attributed to C Spengler.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Intraoperative direct mechanical stimulation of the anterior cruciate ligament elicits short- and medium-latency hamstring reflexes.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has not only a mechanical but also a sensorimotor function. Patients with injuries of the ACL frequently complain of knee instability despite good mechanical stabilization after surgical reconstruction. Compared with healthy subjects, their latencies of hamstring reflexes after anterior tibia translation are considerably increased. There is evidence for the existence of a reflex arc between the ACL and the hamstrings. The aim of this study was to determine if there is a direct reflex response after an isolated mechanical stimulation of the ACL in humans. In 10 patients who underwent arthroscopy, hamstring electromyographic (EMG) responses were assessed intraoperatively after applying an isolated load on the ACL. Latencies, amplitudes, and integrals of the EMG responses were analyzed. In four patients, the measurements were repeated after injection of local anesthetics into the ACL. In all subjects, responses with mean latencies of 42 +/- 4.4 (SD) ms corresponding to a medium latency response (MLR) were found. In seven subjects, they were preceded by responses with a short-latency (SLR) of 24 +/- 2.7 ms. The maximum amplitude was 8.6 +/- 7 mV, the integral 0.064 +/- 0.05 mV*s. The injection of local anesthetics reduced the amplitude by 34 +/- 12% and the integral by 50 +/- 20%. Direct mechanical stimulation of the ACL evokes considerably smaller SLRs and MLRs than anterior tibia translation during standing. It is argued that latency changes observed in patients with ACL ruptures may be rather due to changes in the sensorimotor integration of the afferent input from the knee joint than to the absence of the direct ACL reflex.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Intracellular staining of angiotensin receptors in the PVN and SON of the rat.

Our immunocytochemical results demonstrate the presence of angiotensin AT1 receptors in the cytoplasm and at the cell membrane in paraventricular and supraoptic neurons of the rat hypothalamus. The reaction product had a punctate appearance. We found no staining in the cell nucleus. Similar results were obtained with an anti-idiotypic antibody to angiotensin II.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The Oklahoma City bombing: a personal account.

On April 19, 1995, Oklahoma City (and the United States) lost its innocence. Almost all Oklahomans can relate exactly what they were doing either at 9:02 AM that day or when they first learned of the bombing. Of course, the whole world watched the events unfold through around-the-clock television coverage. One of the resident physicians in the University Hospital Emergency Medicine program, Dr Carl Spengler, was the first physician on the scene and directed early triage efforts. Because the Journal of Child Neurology is the only major biomedical journal with editorial offices in Oklahoma, we considered it appropriate that his personal account of this disaster be published in JCN.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed1992

The respiratory system as an exercise limiting factor in normal trained subjects.

Recently, we have shown that an untrained respiratory system does limit the endurance of submaximal exercise (64% peak oxygen consumption) in normal sedentary subjects. These subjects were able to increase breathing endurance by almost 300% and cycle endurance by 50% after isolated respiratory training. The aim of the present study was to find out if normal, endurance trained subjects would also benefit from respiratory training. Breathing and cycle endurance as well as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and anaerobic threshold were measured in eight subjects. Subsequently, the subjects trained their respiratory muscles for 4 weeks by breathing 85-160 l.min-1 for 30 min daily. Otherwise they continued their habitual endurance training. After respiratory training, the performance tests made at the beginning of the study were repeated. Respiratory training increased breathing endurance from 6.1 (SD 1.8) min to about 40 min. Cycle endurance at the anaerobic threshold [77 (SD 6) %VO2max] was improved from 22.8 (SD 8.3) min to 31.5 (SD 12.6) min while VO2max and the anaerobic threshold remained essentially the same. Therefore, the endurance of respiratory muscles can be improved remarkably even in trained subjects. Respiratory muscle fatigue induced hyperventilation which limited cycle performance at the anaerobic threshold. After respiratory training, minute ventilation for a given exercise intensity was reduced and cycle performance at the anaerobic threshold was prolonged. These results would indicate the respiratory system to be an exercise limiting factor in normal, endurance trained subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Experiences and materials on internal sectorization of large psychiatric hospitals].

The city of Bremen is divided into 5 catchment areas ("sectors") for the care of psychiatric patients. Internal sectorization of the mental hospital was introduced by relating certain wards to certain catchment areas. The development of internal sectorization and its impact on the diagnostic and therapeutic work in the hospital as well as on the cooperation with external services is described. Some data on patient flows are given. In addition we report on the results of an inquiry in psychiatric hospitals regarding sectorization and other forms of community oriented psychiatric care in the Federal Republic of Germany. The literature on sectorization as one principle of community psychiatry is overviewed.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1984

[Community short-term therapy of addicts as influenced by the identity of the insurer--the East Bremen example].

Following the agreement on the splitting of the burden of cost to be borne by the Federal German national health and pension insurance schemes, the cost of treatment of addicts has been divided between the relevant bodies. This division of cost has developed into an obstacle especially to the development of curative treatment in community areas close to patients' domiciles. The article analyses the example of the Addicts Department of the Bremen-Ost Central Hospital to demonstrate the partly absurd and illogical sequelae of various cost allocation regulations for the motivation and treatment of addicts.

Alcoholism↗