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C Smith

Publications and source records attributed to C Smith.

At least 1,225 records · Page 68Linked to original sources
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The export of pesticides: shipments from U.S. ports, 1995-1996.

In 1995-96, 21 million pounds of pesticides that were forbidden to be used in the United States were exported from U.S. ports. This total, which includes domestically-banned and never-registered products, is on average 14 tons per day. In addition, more than 48 million pounds (24,000 tons) of extremely toxic pesticides were exported. Most of these pesticides were shipped to developing countries, despite extensive evidence of the need to restrict the export of hazardous pesticides from the United States to these countries to protect their workers' health and their environments. The National Environmental Protection Act presents a sensible and manageable policy that, if followed, could considerably alleviate the problem. Specifics are provided.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parent gender, victim gender, and family socioeconomic level influences on the potential reporting by nurses of physical child abuse.

In 1974, the Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act required reporting of child abuse in all states. Although nurses have since this time been designated as mandated reporters of abuse, only recently have nurses begun to hold positions where they are directly responsible for abuse reporting. This study investigated whether the gender of the victim, the gender of the abusing parent, or the family's socioeconomic level influences the potential reporting of child abuse by nurses. Participants were shown three vignettes of children being admitted to an emergency room with symptoms of possible abuse. When asked if they would or would not report the incident as child abuse, participants indicated they were significantly less apt to report abuse when the victim was female rather than male, and when the family was perceived as being from a middle rather than a low or high socioeconomic background. The implication of this finding is that female children from middle-class backgrounds may be left less protected than others as nurses become more actively involved in child abuse reporting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of hypoxia and hyperoxia on postpneumonectomy compensatory lung growth.

To study the effect of chronic hyperoxia and hypoxia on pneumonectomy-induced compensatory lung growth, 4-week-old male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: pneumonectomy controls, pneumonectomy hyperoxic group (fraction of ambient oxygen [FO2] 0.35), pneumonectomy hypoxic group (FO2 0.14), and unoperated controls. After 2 weeks, somatic growth of pneumonectomy hypoxic rats was diminished. Compared to unoperated controls, lung weight increased in all pneumonectomy groups but lung volume increased only in pneumonectomy control and pneumonectomy hypoxic rats. Alveolar surface area also increased in pneumonectomy control and pneumonectomy hypoxic animals. Lung weight, volume, and alveolar surface area in pneumonectomy hypoxic rats were also significantly higher than in pneumonectomy hyperoxic rats. When lung weight, volume, alveolar surface area, and total number of alveoli were normalized for body weight, the values were significantly higher in pneumonectomized hypoxic rats than in the pneumonectomy control and pneumonectomy hyperoxic groups. Maximal increase in volume occurred in the post-caval and upper lobes in all pneumonectomized groups. Compared to unoperated rats, mean linear intercept also increased in the post-caval lobe in all pneumonectomized groups. The results suggest that 2 weeks after left pneumonectomy, compensatory lung response is incomplete. Chronic hypoxia enhances, whereas hyperoxia inhibits compensatory lung growth. The post-caval and upper lobes respond more and the lower lobe responds less following left pneumonectomy in both hypoxia and hyperoxia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of between-sample carryover on an automated coagulation instrument: recommendations for quality control procedures.

OBJECTIVE: To assess sample probe carryover levels in a modern automated coagulation analyzer. SETTING: Washoe Medical Center Clinical Laboratory, Reno, Nevada. DESIGN: Analysis of the relative degree of prolongation of coagulation assays using a sequential series of samples following a sample with inherent or added components with the potential for prolonging or accelerating coagulation when significant sample probe carryover is present. PARTICIPANTS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The extent of prolongation or acceleration of APTT or PT assays. RESULTS: The first sample positions assayed subsequent to specimans with potential accelerating or prolonging coagulation activity were affected by 3.9% to 17.8%. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that a potential exists in automated sampling coagulation analyzers. A mechanism for quality control analysis of carryover should be incorporated in automated probe coagulation analyzers. A suggested "1-2-1" control sequence is discussed as a possible quality assurance tool for measuring carryover within individual assay runs.

Anticoagulants↗
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CDS members speak.

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Advertising↗
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A task-targeted automation system: a case study.

Kaiser Permanente's Northern California Regional Laboratory recently achieved an important milestone in its continuous quality improvement project by automating time-consuming and labor-intensive tasks involved in preanalytical and postanalytical sample processing. The new task-targeted automation system, the most sophisticated of its kind in the world, consists of three key components: the Roche Diagnostics PSD 1 primary sample decapper/sorter/archiver, the Roche Diagnostics VS 250 aliquoter, and a data manager/process controller developed by Data Innovations. The system was placed into service in April 1998, culminating more than a year of planning and implementation. Within months after the system went into operation, the laboratory observed significant improvements in workflow and efficiency, as well as a reduction in work-related injuries. The purpose of this article is to provide management teams in other laboratories with a description of the planning and implementation process and offer suggestions for those contemplating a similar program.

Automation↗