Ciprofloxacin treatment of chronic Salmonella excretors.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
C Smith
Publications and source records attributed to C Smith.
Patient education program to teach energy conservation behaviors to patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study.
We report a prospective, randomized pilot study comparing a new workbook-based program, designed to teach patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) energy conservation behaviors, with standard occupational therapy (OT). Sixteen patients took part in the new program and nine received the standard therapy. Data on the number of tender or swollen joints, grip strength, walk time, activities of daily living, psychologic adjustment to illness, and daily activity log, were measured before and three months after intervention. Eleven percent of those who received standard therapy and 50% of those who received the workbook increased their amount of physically active time (p = .10). Twenty-two percent of the control group and 50% of those in the workbook group achieved a better balance of rest and physical activity (p = .07). We conclude that the adoption of energy conservation behaviors is different in the two groups. This initial study suggests that interrupting physical activity with rest periods may result in increased physical activity in patients with RA.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Mycosis fungoides treated with high-dose carmustine.
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Aged↗
ICON I--the future model. ICON II--the transition model.
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Clinical Competence↗
Infective enterocolitides.
Enteric infections, which range from asymptomatic to severe illnesses, are caused by a wide variety of organisms. Radiologic studies, in correlation with clinical findings, may suggest the correct diagnosis, but laboratory examinations are usually required for definitive diagnosis. Radiologic studies can be of help in determining the extent and course of infective enterocolitides.
Bacterial Infections↗
Antisuppressor mutations and sulfur-carrying nucleosides in transfer RNAs of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Antisuppressor mutations reduce the efficiency of nonsense suppressors. A mutation in the gene sin4 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe leads to loss of 5-(methoxycarbonylmethyl) thiouridine (mcm5s2U) from the first anticodon position of tRNAs. This resembles the phenotype of sin3 (Heyer, W. D., Thuriaux, P., Kohli, J., Ebert, P., Kersten, H., Gehrke, C., Kuo, K. C., and Agris, P. F. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2856-2862), but the mutations reside in different genes. In vivo 35S-labeled tRNA from the parental suppressor strain sup3, the antisuppressor strains sin3 and sin4, and the double mutant sin3 sin4 has been digested to nucleosides and analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography methods. The major sulfur-carrying nucleoside in wild-type S. pombe tRNA is mcm5s2U. It is reduced in the mutant strains. Two other thiolated nucleosides are also present: 2-thiouridine and a nucleoside of unknown structure. Neither was affected by the antisuppressor mutations. Thiocytidine has not been found. Independent from their effect on suppressors, the two mutations sin3 and sin4 reduce the growth rate of cells, and sin3 also increases cell length. In vivo decoding of the serine codon UCG by the UCA reading serine tRNA is not promoted by the two antisuppressor mutations.
Anticodon↗
BSF1 induces membrane protein phosphorylation but not phosphoinositide metabolism, Ca2+ mobilization, protein kinase C translocation, or membrane depolarization in resting murine B lymphocytes.
The findings presented in this study provide evidence that BSF1 receptors and mIg transmit signals via dissimilar transduction mechanisms that result in a common biologic response, hyper-Ia expression. Specifically, BSF1-containing supernatant does not induce PtdInsP2 hydrolysis as determined by measurement of PtdOH and InsP3. Additionally, BSF1 does not stimulate Ca2+ mobilization, PKC translocation from cytosol to membrane, or membrane depolarization. All of these metabolic events appear to play a central role in hyper-Ia expression mediated by mIg and are initiated after treatment of resting B cells with anti-Ig antibodies. In vitro phosphorylation studies with partially purified plasma membranes from resting B cells revealed that BSF1 interaction with membrane receptors stimulates a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates an endogenous protein of 44 KDa. Anti-Ig does not stimulate phosphorylation of the 44 KDa protein, suggesting that it does not activate the membrane-associated protein kinase. This observation provides the first evidence of a signal transduction mechanism associated with BSF1-receptor ligation. It indicates that although BSF1 does not modulate events associated with PKC activation, it may function via activation of a membrane-associated protein kinase. This provides a focal point for further studies directed at elucidating signal transduction resulting from BSF1-receptor interaction.
Animals↗
Purification of charybdotoxin, a specific inhibitor of the high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel.
Charybdotoxin is a high-affinity specific inhibitor of the high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel found in the plasma membranes of many vertebrate cell types. Using Ca2+-activated K+ channels reconstituted into planar lipid bilayer membranes as an assay, we have purified the toxin from the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus by a two-step procedure involving chromatofocusing on SP-Sephadex, followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Charybdotoxin is shown to be a highly basic protein with a mass of 10 kDa. Under our standard assay conditions, the purified toxin inhibits the Ca2+-activated K+ channel with an apparent dissociation constant of 3.5 nM. The protein is unusually stable, with inhibitory potency being insensitive to boiling or exposure to organic solvents. The toxin's activity is sensitive to chymotrypsin treatment and to acylation of lysine groups. The protein may be radioiodinated without loss of activity.
Amino Acids↗
Red blood cell surface charge in nephrotic syndrome.
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Erythrocyte Membrane↗
Transfer RNA contains sites of localized positive charge: carbon NMR studies of [13C]methyl-enriched Escherichia coli and yeast tRNAPhe.
The possibility of positively charged nucleosides in tRNA has been suspected because certain posttranscriptional methylations produce quaternary nitrogens. To investigate this possibility and the importance of such methylations to tRNA structure, we have continued our studies of [13C]methyl-enriched phenylalanine tRNA of Escherichia coli [Kopper, R.A., Schmidt, P.G., & Agris, P.F. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 1307-1401] and yeast [Smith, C., Petsch, J., Schmidt, P.G., & Agris, P.F. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 1434-1440]. E. coli and yeast tRNA were 13C-enriched in their methyl groups in vivo, and phenylalanine-specific tRNA was isolated. Methyl proton and carbon signal assignments were confirmed and correlated for the purified tRNAs under native conditions via the first application of two-dimensional carbon-proton correlation NMR spectroscopy to a native nucleic acid. The methyl proton chemical shift of the 7-methylguanosine (m7G) signal from tRNA was easily determined, although by conventional 1H NMR spectroscopy it would have been hidden by ribose resonances and H2O. The chemical shift for 1-methyladenosine (m1A) protons was shown to be 3.01 ppm. Resolution of close or overlapping peaks was greatly enhanced by the two-dimensional experiment especially for the proton methyl resonances. In addition, proton-carbon chemical shift correspondence has been determined for the two 5-methylcytidines (m5C's), the methyl esters of wybutosine (Y), and the two ribose methyl groups, Gm and Cm, of yeast tRNAPhe. Thermal denaturation and Mg2+ depletion affect the methyl carbon NMR chemical shifts of tRNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Carbon Isotopes↗
A Parkinson-like neurologic deficit in primates is caused by a novel 4-substituted piperidine.
A neurologic deficit characterized by hypokinesia, postural flexion, and to a lesser extent, rigidity, tremor and myoclonus, has been observed in cynomolgus monkeys following administration of 1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-4-piperidinol (MMPP), a novel 4-substituted piperidine. The syndrome, similar to that described for 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), developed within 3-7 days after oral or i.v. dosing, and was accompanied by lesions in the substantia nigra. The behavioral syndrome was seen to a lesser extent in dogs but not in rats. MMPP contains a hydroxyl group on the 4-position of the pyridine ring; the corresponding dehydration product was inactive.
Animals↗
Secondary Hodgkin's disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Improved survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia has led to the occurrence of second malignancies in these patients. Hodgkin's disease is very rare as a second malignancy. We report three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission who developed Hodgkin's disease. Although all had received low-dose irradiation, none received alkylating agents as part of their chemotherapy. Review of our cases and of 11 reported in the literature revealed unique aspects of this association. There was a short median interval of 19 months to the development of the second malignancy. Over one-third of the patients had uncommon sites of involvement (lung, tonsil, small bowel). The distribution of histologic subtypes was unusual, as 5 of 14 cases had lymphocyte depletion or unclassifiable Hodgkin's disease. The results of therapy were excellent. Our three patients are alive, with both malignancies in continuing remission. Two patients are off all therapy for 4 and 6 years, respectively. The third remains on antileukemic treatment. Secondary Hodgkin's disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia does not appear to have a poor prognosis and long-term survival and possible cure of both diseases may be achieved.
Child↗
Prolonged increases in both PS and number of REMS following a shuttle avoidance task.
Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in a 2-way shuttle shock avoidance task and continuously monitored polygraphically with EEG, EOG and EMG using an automated sleep state analyzer. PS increases were observed following the daily training sessions (50 trials/day for two consecutive days) and for at least 7 days following the end of these training sessions. As well, there was an increase in the number of REMs. The number of REMs increased 4 hours prior to the onset of the increase in PS each day and remained high along with the elevated PS. A parallel PS deprivation study suggested that a vulnerable PS window occurs 9-12 hours after training in these rats. The results strengthen the idea that the PS related to learning is of a special nature with unique phasic characteristics.
Animals↗
Chronic intussusception due to antral myoepithelioma.
Intussusception was seen on abdominal sonography and computed tomography in a 15-year-old boy who presented with a 6-week history of weight loss, vomiting, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, and hyperamylasemia. Laparotomy revealed a chronic gastroduodenal intussusception, the lead point of which was an antral myoepithelioma, a rare entity in this age group.
Adolescent↗
Interaction between a "processed" ovalbumin peptide and Ia molecules.
The binding of 125I-labeled immunogenic peptides to purified Ia molecules in detergent solution was examined by equilibrium dialysis. We used the chicken ovalbumin peptide ovalbumin-(323-339)-Tyr, which is immunogenic in the BALB/c mouse and restricted to I-Ad. 125I-labeled ovalbumin-(323-339)-Tyr was shown to bind to I-Ad but not to I-Ed, I-Ek, or I-Ak. This binding was inhibited by unlabeled ovalbumin-(323-339) but not by ovalbumin-(329-339), which is the longest N-terminally truncated peptide that fails to stimulate any of the I-Ad-restricted hybridomas that have been raised to ovalbumin-(323-339)-Tyr. As a further specificity control, we also used the chicken egg lysozyme peptide Tyr-(46-61), which has recently been studied by similar methods [Babbitt, B. P., Allen, P. M., Matsueda, G., Haber, E. & Unanue, E. R. (1985) Nature (London) 317, 359-361]. We have confirmed that it bound to I-Ak but not to I-Ek, I-Ad, or I-Ed. Thus, a specific interaction between Ia and antigen that correlates with the major histocompatibility complex restriction was demonstrated, strongly arguing in favor of a determinant selection hypothesis for such restriction.
Animals↗
Isolation and characterization of a mouse interleukin cDNA clone that expresses B-cell stimulatory factor 1 activities and T-cell- and mast-cell-stimulating activities.
A cDNA sequence coding for a unique mouse interleukin that expresses B-cell-, T-cell, and mast-cell-stimulating activities has been isolated from a mouse helper T-cell cDNA library. The library, constructed in the pcD expression vector, was screened by transfecting COS monkey cells with DNA pools to express the products encoded by full-length cDNA inserts. By assaying the transfected cell supernatants, we identified clones encoding a factor that stimulates T-cell and mast cell lines. This factor also induces Ia expression on resting B cells and enhances IgG1 and IgE production by B cells, two properties of B-cell-stimulatory factor 1. The DNA sequence codes for a polypeptide of 140 amino acid residues including a putative signal peptide. These results demonstrate that a single cDNA clone distinct from interleukin 2 and interleukin 3 encodes a polypeptide with multiple biological activities.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Newborn screening for hemoglobin abnormalities. A comparison of methods.
Peripheral blood from 1,000 newborn infants of black (641) and Southeast Asian (359) ancestry were screened for hemoglobin variants. Results obtained from the combination of cellulose acetate (CAC) and citrate agar (CAG) electrophoresis were compared with isoelectric focusing (IEF) electrophoresis. There was complete agreement between the two methods on assignment of Hb S trait, Hb C trait, Hb E trait, and homozygous Hb E. IEF identified small amounts of Hb A in two newborn infants with Hb S-beta + thalassemia; the CAC and CAG electrophoretic patterns were indistinguishable from sickle cell anemia. One hundred twenty newborn infants with Hb Bart's were detected by IEF; 51 of these were found on CAC. Although IEF was more sensitive in detecting small amounts of hemoglobin, it is not clear if the improvement in detection warrants adopting this form of electrophoresis for routine screening of newborn infants.
Electrophoresis↗