[Contribution of imaging to the diagnosis of the dementias].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
C Sereni
Publications and source records attributed to C Sereni.
[Neurologic complications of cocaine abuse].
Cocaine is increasingly used by drug addicts. It is considered harmless, but numerous, varied and often serious complications due to its abuse have been published. Among these, neurological complications are in the forefront. They include generalized or partial epileptic seizures, ischaemic or haemorrhagic cerebral vascular accidents, visual loss caused by optic neuropathy or by retinal artery occlusion, headaches and exacerbation of tics. Infections of the central nervous system are possible via endocarditis or septicaemia of venous or nasal origin. Neurological disorders may also occur as a consequence of a major cardiovascular complication induced by cocaine (myocardial infarction and/or dysrhythmia, aortic dissection). These neurological complications are unpredictable, and they weigh heavily on the functional and sometimes vital prognosis in habitual or occasional cocaine abusers.
Adult↗
[Encephalopathy caused by bromide salts].
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Brain Diseases↗
[Peroxisomes and neurologic diseases].
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous subcellular organelles varying in number, size and enzymatic content according to species, tissues or physiological states. Microperoxisomes are present in the central nervous system and in muscle. Peroxisomes participate in anabolic and catabolic processes, including ether-lipid synthesis, bêta-oxidation, bile acid synthesis, prostaglandin catabolism. Very long chain fatty acids are specific substrates of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase. Peroxisomal disorders occur as two main groups: 1/ disorders with multiple deficiencies of peroxisomal functions: Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile Refsum disease, rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata; 2/ disorders with a single peroxisomal enzyme defect: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, acatalasemia, type 1 hyperoxaluria, pseudo-Zellweger syndrome. Present therapy is tentative with some limited success. It includes peroxisomal inductors and lipid-controlled diet. Prenatal diagnosis and heterozygote detection allow genetic counselling in some peroxisomal disorders.
Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
[Aortic aneurysm with vena cava thrombosis occurring in Behcet's disease].
We report a case of Behcet's disease complicated by aortic aneurysm and contiguous vena cava thrombosis due to compression. Arterial aneurysms are uncommon in the course of Behcet's disease and are associated with a poor prognosis owing to the risk of rupture. Vena cava thrombosis is found in 10% of cases; pulmonary embolism is infrequent. Venous and arterial lesions usually evolve independently. In most cases they are consecutive to vasculitis. The case reported herein is uncommon because of simultaneous and contiguous venous and arterial lesions. Eighteen months after aorto bi-iliac graft and inferior vena cava ligature, there is no recurrence of thrombosis nor aneurysm with a treatment including heparin, colchicine and azathioprine.
Adult↗
[Sleep and dreams in Korsakoff's amnesia due to alcoholism].
Sleep and dreams in 15 chronic alcoholic patients with amnesia were compared with sleep and dreams of 15 age- and sex-adjusted normal subjects. The patients were subjected to psychological tests in order to determine their I.Q. and their memory disturbances. All subjects had two nights of polygraphic recordings; the first tested the natural sleep organization. During the second night, they were awakened 7 min after the onset of each REM sleep episode, and, at least once, 20 min after the onset of a stage II episode, in order to record on a tape their dream reports according to a standardized protocol. The sleep patterns of the amnesic patients did not show any significant alteration. However, after wakening during the night, patients exhibited a higher tendency to return to REMS than controls. There was still some dream activity in those patients, although noticeably less frequently, and their dream activity had a very poor verbal expression. However, there was no change with respect to the spatio-temporal organization, sensorial perceptions, motor activity and verbalizations during their dreams.
Adult↗
Adult adrenoleukodystrophy: a sporadic case?
This is a report of a case of the adult cerebral form of X-linked ALD. The 27-year-old patient presented with psychiatric disturbances. NMR was performed and compared to CT scan to define cerebral demyelination. The level of hexacosanoate was found to be increased in the patient's serum. Biochemical analysis of the patient's mother's serum and cultured fibroblasts and of serum samples from 10 other members of the family who could have been carriers of this X-linked disease, produced negative results. Hence, it is most likely that this case has occurred sporadically. HLA determination revealed the DR2 antigen which is often associated with multiple sclerosis.
Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
[Adult disclosure of a case of familial adrenoleukodystrophy].
We report a case of adult adrenoleukodystrophy. The patient, originating from North Africa, had no clinical history until age 23. The first disorder, a spastic paraparesis, occurred after a 5 days coma following a cranial traumatism. The course of the disease was then progressive remitting and the patient died at age 30. Total duration was 7 years. The diagnosis of A.L.D. was ascertained by the determination of excessive very long chain fatty acid level in plasma. Endocrinological study revealed adrenal insufficiency but darkening of the skin was masked by racial pigmentation. The patient was the oldest of 10 children. 3 of the brothers died of childhood A.L.D. around the age of 12 after a progressive 2 years course. The mother and 2 asymptomatic brothers have increased plasma levels of hexacosanoic acid and A.C.T.H. The particularity of this adult case is the lack of spinal demyelination. Pathological studies revealed a widespread cerebral demyelination with an inflammatory process. The features of this case are compared to those of the 13 other reported cases of adult A.L.D.
Adrenal Insufficiency↗