Biomedical subjects
C Secher
Publications and source records attributed to C Secher.
[The elongated styloid process syndrome (Eagle's syndrome)].
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Inhibition of histamine-induced nasal symptoms by the H1 antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate: demonstration of topical effect.
To study whether a histamine H1 receptor antagonist inhibits allergic rhinitis symptoms by a peripheral or a central mode of action 21 normal volunteers were challenged with 500 micrograms histamine chloride in the right nasal cavity on four occasions after bilateral pretreatment with an H1 antihistamine spray and a placebo spray in various combinations. The H1 antihistamine (chlorpheniramine maleate, 0.5 mg) significantly inhibited histamine-induced tickling (P less than 0.01), sneezing (P = 0.01) and discharge (P less than 0.01), but only when it was given on the same side as histamine. This is highly suggestive of a local effect on sensory nerve endings, which prompts further studies on the topical use of antihistamines in the nose.
Intranasal verapamil in allergen-induced rhinitis.
Twenty-six pollen-allergic subjects participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the protective effect of the calcium antagonist, verapamil, on allergen-provoked nasal symptoms. Intranasal verapamil, 1 mg. had a weak protective effect in that "tickling score" was 22% lower (P less than 0.01) and the number of sneezes 29% lower (nonsignificant) after verapamil as compared with placebo pretreatment. There were no differences with regard to nasal blockage or discharge. It is concluded that the verapamil spray used, cannot be recommended for clinical trials, but that further investigations of other formulations of calcium antagonist are justified in order to analyse the potential role of this type of drugs in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Role of histamine and antihistamines in the nose.
The effect of an H1 antihistamine (chlorpheniramine) and an H2 antihistamine (ranitidine) nasal spray on histamine-provoked symptoms was studied in normal volunteers. Firstly it was shown that the H1 antihistamine has a marked inhibiting effect on tickling, sneezing and discharge, and secondly, that both H1 and H2 antihistamines have a weak effect on blockage. Finally, it was found that the H1 antihistamine, in the concentration used, has no demonstrable anti-cholinergic or local anaesthetic effect. It is concluded that antihistamines act locally in the nose, H1 antihistamines inhibit tickling, sneezing and hypersecretion via nervous H1 receptors, while blood vessels possess both H1 and H2 receptors.
Biophysical characteristics of nasal secretions. A preliminary report.
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Significance of H1 and H2 receptors in the human nose: rationale for topical use of combined antihistamine preparations.
The aim of this experiment was to study the importance of histamine H1 and H2 receptors in the human nose. We therefore provoked 25 healthy human subjects with histamine after local pretreatment with the H1 receptor antagonist, chlorpheniramine maleate, the H2 receptor antagonist, ranitidine hydrochloride, and a combination of these two antihistamines. The histamine-induced increase in nasal airway resistance was 52% inhibited by combined use of the two antihistamine sprays (p less than 0.05), 22% by chlorpheniramine alone (p less than 0.05), and 29% by ranitidine. The two sprays together were significantly better than the H1 antagonists alone (p less than 0.05). These results suggest an equal importance of H1 and H2 receptors in nasal blood vessels, and an additive effect of H1 and H2 antihistamines. Although chlorpheniramine effectively blocked tickling and the reflex-mediated symptoms, sneezing and hypersecretion, ranitidine had no effect, which suggests an H1 and not an H2 effect on sensory nerve endings in the airway epithelium.
Effect of the H1 antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate on histamine-induced symptoms in the human conjunctiva. Indirect evidence for nervous H1 receptors.
Earlier studies have shown that intranasal chlorpheniramine (0.77%) can inhibit histamine-induced tickling, sneezing, and hypersecretion by a local effect on nerve fibres. The aim of the present study was to examine whether this solution had local anaesthetic of parasympatholytic properties. If neither of these properties are present it suggests that the anti-pruritic effects of the solution are caused by inhibition of H1 receptors, which in turn is indirect evidence for the presence of H1 receptors on nerve fibers. In a double-blind design 15 normal subjects were provoked with histamine in the eye after pretreatment with chlorpheniramine or with a local anaesthetic, oxybuprocain. Both drugs inhibited itching, but the H1 antihistamine was significantly more effective than the local anaesthetic (P less than 0.01). Corneal sensitivity was measured by an esthesiometer, and pupil difference was used as a measure for atropine activity. Chlorpheniramine had neither a local anaesthetic nor a parasympatholytic effect. This study has therefore strengthened the hypothesis that there are nervous H1 receptors in the mucous membranes of the eye and airways and has extended its application in animals to also include man.