Quantified EEG cartography, computerized electro-oculography in hemodynamic vertebrobasilar insufficiency, modifications induced by vertebral artery compression.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
C Sebban
Publications and source records attributed to C Sebban.
[Quantified electroencephalogram: value in the evaluation of therapy of cerebral aging].
Computerized quantification of electroencephalograms enables pharmacological compounds designed to counteract pathological cerebral aging to be evaluated. The results obtained by this method when substances which sedate or stimulate the central nervous system are used suggest the existence of a negative correlation between neuronal activity and electroencephalographic power. More precisely, the application of this method to pharmacology suggests a relation with the activity of one or several neurotransmission systems. By extension, studies of cerebral aging may benefit from this new technique of cerebral exploration because it allows the demonstration of age related changes in the EEG effect of drugs studied in physiological conditions. Thus we have demonstrated an interaction between the almitrine-raubasine combination and the noradrenergic system in rats. In clinical pharmacology, the evaluation of these two compounds is still liable to numerous experimental biases. The almitrine-raubasine combination was tested in controlled trials in elderly people complaining of intellectual deterioration; the results obtained were fairly similar to those observed in old rats, thus demonstrating an effect on the central nervous system and perhaps also an action on the noradrenergic system in human.
Almitrine↗
[Low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the adult: new therapeutic approaches].
Treatment of disseminated low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) remains unsolved. Despite an initial high remission rate (50%-70%) with chemotherapy, relapses occur and only 20 to 40% of patients are expected to be free of disease after 10 years. From 1981 to 1984, 113 low grade NHL were studied in order to determine factors influencing survival without progression. In a randomized trial, patients received either PCOP combination or PACOP for 6 months followed by chlorambucil or CVP for 12 months. Histological distribution was: follicular small cleaved cells 70 patients, follicular mixed 31 patients, small cells CLL type 12 patients. Stage distribution was: stage IV 88 patients with 74 bone marrow involvement, stage III 17 patients, stage II with bulky masses 8 patients. Complete response (CR) was observed in 49 patients at the end of treatment. Among the ten variables studied, only stage and the number of sites involved had a significant effect on the probability of achieving CR. Only CR significantly affected the freedom from progression (P less than 0.01). Median survival after progression was 21 months. Recently, alpha recombinant interferon has been proposed as treatment for low grade NHL. Cumulative results from the literature give a response rate of 42% on 139 patients. The response rate was higher in follicular NHL than in the CLL type, and response did not clearly correlate with dose. The CR rate was low (less than 20%) and relapses occurred after stopping therapy. Combined use of interferon and chemotherapy is proposed for future clinical trials.
Adult↗
Intensive chemotherapy in aggressive lymphomas: updated results of LNH-80 protocol and prognostic factors affecting response and survival.
One hundred patients with aggressive malignant lymphomas treated with the LNH-80 regimen were evaluated for long-term survival and pretreatment characteristics predictive of response and survival. LNH-80 consists of three intensive courses of adriamycin cyclophosphamide vindesine bleomycin (ACVB) followed by sequential consolidation and final intensification. Eighty-four patients went into complete remission (CR), eight had a partial response (PR), three failed to respond, and five died during induction. Twenty-three patients (27%) relapsed, in two of whom a prolonged second remission was obtained. Sixty-three patients are currently alive, two of them with disease. Four patients died in CR. Median survival and median freedom from relapse survival were not reached with a median follow-up of 4 1/2 years. Characteristics negatively associated with response in multivariate analysis were: poor performance status, bone marrow involvement, and two or more extranodal sites of disease. Duration of CR was associated with splenic involvement. Three characteristics were negatively associated with survival in multivariate analysis: age, high grade subtypes, and bone marrow involvement.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Age-related variation of EEG responses to clonidine, prazosin and yohimbine in rats.
The EEG-effects induced by intraperitoneal administration of clonidine, prazosin and yohimbine to 8 and 22 month old rats were compared. Clonidine (0.01 mg/kg) and prazosin (1 mg/kg) increased spectral powers, yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg) decreased them. In the older rats, EEG variations were smaller for prazosin and yohimbine, but larger for clonidine. These findings show that alpha receptor mediated influences on EEG are changed during aging and show that quantified EEG gives a picture of age related changes in the functional state of the neurotransmitter systems.
Aging↗
Influence of daunorubicin and cytarabine sequencing on the outcome of therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia: a randomized trial.
Ninety-seven patients less than or equal to 70 years of age with previously untreated primary acute myeloblastic leukemia were randomly treated with either the DAT or TAD regimen: daunorubicin (70 mg/m2/day) administered on Days 1-3 (DAT) or 5-7 (TAD) of a 7-day sequence consisting of cytarabine (200 mg/m2/day) and 6-thioguanine (200 mg/m2/day). Complete responders received consolidation, maintenance, and final intensification over 14 months using mostly the same drugs as during induction and administered in the same sequence. The regimens did not significantly differ from each other with regard to toxicity or efficacy. Complete remission rate was 80% in the two groups, and median duration of complete remission was 549 days with DAT and 518 days with TAD.
Adult↗
Acute leukemia with t(4;11) following treatment for breast cancer.
We report the case of a 51-year-old woman presenting t(4;11) acute undifferentiated leukemia 19 months after initiation of adjuvant radio-chemotherapy for a breast cancer. Morphology of the blasts was FAB L2 and cytochemical and immunological studies were in favor of an undifferentiated leukemia. A possible relationship between t(4;11) leukemia and exposure to carcinogens is discussed.
Acute Disease↗
[Histological transformation of low malignancy lymphoproliferative syndromes. Clinical and developmental study of 32 cases].
Fourteen out of 283 patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia, 2 out of 47 with Waldenström's disease and 16 out of 136 with low malignancy lymphoma (follicular with predominant small cleaved cells, mixed follicular with small and large cells, or diffuse lymphocytic) underwent histological transformation of their disease into a highly malignant lymphoma (immunoblastic in 14 of the 32 cases). There are no clinical or biological signs that predict these changes which seem to occur haphazardly in time. Seven patients died within one month of the diagnosis. The classical treatments failed. Complete remission was obtained in 5 cases with the intensive and sequential chemotherapy used for initially aggressive lymphomas.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
[Severe quantitative bone marrow insufficiency: results of treatment with high-dose antilymphocyte serum].
Nineteen patients with severe aplastic anaemia were treated with 21 courses of horse antithymocyte globulins (ATG). Changes in haematological parameters were correlated with ATG dosage. One of the 11 patients who received less than 100 mg/kg is still alive after more than 12 months. One of the 10 patients who received more than 100 mg/kg died of infection; in the remaining 9 patients, treatment resulted in increase or even return to normal of haemoglobin, polymorphonuclear and platelet levels. None of these 9 patients relapsed during a median follow-up of 16 months (range: 7 to 35 months). Immediate drug tolerance and serum sickness were unrelated to ATG dosage. These results confirm the therapeutic effectiveness of antithymocytic globulins in severe aplastic anaemia; they also suggest that 150 mg/kg doses are required to obtain satisfactory and long-lasting results.
Adolescent↗
Characterization of a specific androgen receptor in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells.
The use of a competitive binding assay has permitted us to detect a cytoplasmic androgen receptor in cells of node biopsies of several patients suffering from non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (NHML). These same cells appear to contain very low or undetectable numbers of estrogen receptor. The androgen receptors are saturated at approximately 2 X 10(-10) M [3H] 5 alpha DHT and Scatchard analyses of the binding data indicated a high affinity constant (Kd = 0.29 +/- 0.19 10(-9) M). The range of receptor sites is 19-327 fmol/mg protein (median = 42 fmol/mg protein). These cytoplasmic receptors are inactivated at 37 degrees C and pronase. The [3H] 5 alpha DHT receptor complex migrates in linear 5-20% sucrose gradients with a sedimentation coefficient of 7S and this peak is shifted to the 4S region under high salt conditions. Physiochemical properties of the binding including binding capacity and steroid specificity, are quite similar to those reported in target organs.
Adolescent↗
The role of the left ventricle in the shape of the arterial pressure wave as affected by age.
The role of the heart and its working conditions on the shape of aortic pressure curves was studied by analysis of pressure signals produced at the input of an artificial ejection circuit by 25 isolated working hearts of rats aged 4-22 months. The hearts were paced at five successive heart rates and three levels were imposed for the left auricular perfusion pressure (LAPP). With ageing of the myocardium, increased LAPP and low heart rates, there was an alteration of the pressure wave visual aspect towards a tele-systolic maximum. This modification was regularly associated with significant differences in the harmonic content of the pressure signal. More precisely, there was a bigger increase in the first harmonic amplitude than in the second and third harmonic amplitudes. Because of the physical linearity of the artificial ejection circuit and the controlled working conditions for the heart, it is possible to explain these changes in the pressure wave shape. Lowering of the heart rate is associated with an involvement of a more left part of the circuit impedance curve. Ageing of the myocardium and increased LAPP change the pressure wave shape because they were associated with an increase in left ventricular ejection time.
Aging↗
[Pressure wave morphology and cardiovascular aging].
The effects of age, pre-load and heart rate on the juxta-aortic pressure wave form in an artificial ejection circuit were studied in 25 isolated perfused rat hearts beating at a controlled rate. The hearts were taken from male Wistar rats aged 4, 8, 12, 16 and 22 months. Each heart was submitted to 3 pre-loads by adjusting the level of left atrium perfusion to 15, 20, 25 cm H2O. Five different heart rates (300, 240, 198, 174 and 150/min) were imposed at each level of pre-load by pacing the interatrial septum after destroying the sinoatrial node. Age, increasing pre-load and bradycardia produced similar changes in the systolic part of the wave characterised by a delayed peak. The effects of these three factors were significant and independent and corresponded to significant changes of the harmonic composition of the pressure wave. In these three conditions, the amplitude of the first harmonic of the pressure increased significantly compared with the second, third and fourth harmonics. The predominance of the amplitude of the first harmonic is characteristic of pressure waves with delayed systolic summits . The linear character of the physical properties of the circuit was tested experimentally. A change in the wave form at a fixed rate is explained by a modification of ventricular ejection which is therefore necessarily present when pre-load is increased and the age of the heart varies. On the other hand, the effect of rate changes on the wave form are explained essentially by the interplay of different zones of the impedence curve of the circuit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aging↗
[ Retroactive visual masking. Use in evaluation and therapeutic trials in senile dementia].
An adaptation of the retroactive visual masking test has been developed, using a micro-computer with automation of the protocol and of the analysis of the results. The essential parameter obtained from this test is the T50 (in ms) which is the delay necessary between the letter and the mask for the subject to be able to correctly identify 50% of the letters which are presented to him. The T50 becomes shorter from childhood until adulthood, then progressively increases. It is significantly longer in elderly hospitalized subjects than in those living at home. The retroactive visual masking test can be used to evaluate the effect of physical training on the intellectual function of elderly subjects. It has good reproducibility with usually negligible learning. It is simple and inexpensive, making it a useful tool in the investigation of intellectual deterioration in the elderly.
Aged↗
[Histological lesions and changes in neurotransmitter systems in the aged brain. Discussion of their pathogenic role].
The histological lesions of cerebral senescence are varied. Some, like congophil angiopathy, are specific to pathological ageing while others, such as neurofibrillary degeneration or senile plaques, are common to all senescence processes. All these lesions reflect disorders in neuron metabolism and synaptic function. Concomitant biochemical disturbances indicate perturbations in neurotransmitter systems with decreased activity, and these are instrumental to the pathogenesis of the clinical symptoms observed in cerebral ageing. All these changes occurring during senescence seem to result from disturbances in cerebral metabolism the triggering factor of which has yet to be discovered.
Aged↗
[Biochemical aspects of cerebral aging. Role of oxygen].
Only in multiple ischaemic accidents is a reduced oxygen supply to the central nervous system the sole cause of mental impairment. However, oxygen deprivation due to dysregulation of the cerebral blood flow may play a role in elderly atheromatous subjects, in association with primary abnormalities in neuron metabolism. Whatever the importance of oxygen deficiency, major disturbances in oxidative metabolism are present in the aged neuron, including alterations of glycolysis (mostly anaerobic), Krebs' cycle and the redox chain of mitochondria. It has been hypothetized that these disturbances are due to genetic or post-transcription abnormal enzyme synthesis and/or alterations in mitochondria-cytoplasma exchanges due to the action of free radicals on mitochondrial membrane. The effects of these disturbances are twofold. They certainly result in reduction of energy in the aged neuron with less possibility than the adult neuron to increase its metabolic activity, and they induce perhaps disorders in the synthesis of neurotransmitter aminoacids, acetylcholine and gangliosides.
Aging↗
[Viewpoints on the therapeutic trials in senile cerebral insufficiency].
The experience acquired and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral impairment in elderly subjects have enabled the authors to propose certain rules for therapeutic trials in such patients. The patient population should be homogeneous with regard to the severity of cerebral impairment. A clear-cut distinction should be made between at least two categories of patients: those at home and those in institutions. Impairments due to different causes (arteriopathy, parkinsonism, traumas, chronic intoxication, idiopathic) require different trials. Criteria of assessment should intervene at recruitment to homogenize the degrees of severity. They should be consistent with the purpose of the trial (pragmatic or explicative) and with its duration and the number of subjects involved. In pragmatic trials assessment should be based on changes in social and affective relationships or even changes in the likelihood of admission to an institution. Assessment scales using psychometric, clinical and socio-affective criteria may be used provided the importance of each criterion is weighed beforehand and the results concern overall changes rather than changes of any particular item. Such trials are necessarily protracted and involve a large number of patients. Psychometric and neurophysiological tests seem to be best suited to explicative trials, as they are reproducible and easily performed. While they may demonstrate the effects of the drug on memory, mood, alertness, etc., or merely show an impact on the central nervous system, this does not necessarily mean that they are of interest in senile cerebral impairment. Explicative trials, which are shorter and require less patients, help to select the drugs suitable for long-term trials. Finally concerning the three topics constantly debated when organizing such trials, viz, maximum age of the subjects, use of a cross-over method and association of psychotropic drugs, the authors' opinion is: (a) there is no reason for an upper age limit; (b) cross-over studies should be avoided, and (c) psychotropic drugs must be banned in short-term trials but are unavoidable in long-term trials.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
[Comparison of the effects of almitrine, raubasine and 5023 SE on arterial oxygen desaturation during exercise].
The effects of almitrine (60 mg/24 h), raubasine (20 mg/24 h) and Duxil administered orally were compared in 30 elderly subjects (mean age: 60 years) who showed a decrease in oxygen saturation during maximum exercise. After 1 month of treatment, raubasine proved ineffective whereas almitrine and Duxil significantly reduced this decrease. The effect of Duxil was significantly more pronounced than that of almitrine.
Almitrine↗
Arterial compliance, systolic pressure and heart rate in elderly women at rest and on exercise.
In two groups of elderly women, the relationships between arterial compliance estimated by pulse wave velocity (PWV), and systolic blood pressure (SP), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption and the time taken to run 400 m have been studies. Both at rest and with increasing levels of exercise, faster PWVs are associated with higher SPs. These is a tendency for resting HR to be higher with faster PWVs. The changes in HR and oxygen consumption from resting values are strikingly increased with faster PWVs. The time taken over 400 m rises as arterial compliance falls. Therefore, it seems that, with aging, reduced arterial compliance is a major factor affecting cardiovascular responses to exercise.
Aged↗