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C Scully

Publications and source records attributed to C Scully.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Orofacial disease: update for the dental clinical team: 3. White lesions.

White lesions usually contain an increased amount of keratin. Some are rare congenital conditions, such as white sponge naevus and dyskeratosis congenita, unlikely to be seen in general dental practice. Inflammatory causes include candidosis and hairy leukoplakia, both now common in HIV disease. Non-infective causes include the common lesion of lichen planus, and the less common condition lupus erythematosus. Neoplastic and possibly preneoplastic causes include carcinoma, keratoses and leukoplakia. This article discusses the more common causes of oral white lesions. The first article in this series presented several general observations on diagnosis and treatment which should be borne in mind in relation to this article.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed1999

Orofacial disease: update for the clinical team: 9. Orofacial pain.

Orofacial pain, the main reason why many patients seek dental advice, usually has a local cause--primarily the sequelae of dental caries--but a wide range of diseases, particularly neurological, psychogenic and vascular disorders, can cause orofacial pain. This article will discuss disorders that can present with pain and the neurological, psychogenic and vascular causes of orofacial pain. The first article in this series made several general observations on diagnosis and treatment which should be borne in mind in relation to the material presented here.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Gingival lesions diagnosed as pemphigus vulgaris in an adolescent. Case report.

Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a fairly common disorder in which the gingivae show chronic desquamation. Originally considered to be related to hormonal changes at menopause, since many of the patients are middle-aged women, DG is now recognized to be mainly a manifestation of a number of disorders ranging from vesiculobullous diseases to adverse reactions to a variety of chemicals or allergens. Desquamative gingivitis can be an important early clinical manifestation of serious systemic diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. The authors present a case that illustrates the importance of a specific diagnosis in patients with desquamative gingival lesions previously treated for 6 months as classical gingivitis. Gingival biopsy showed histologic patterns typical of pemphigus vulgaris. The patient was treated with systemic and topical corticosteroids in association with miconazole. The patient is now under control with low-dose systemic corticosteroids. Proper recognition of lesions in the oral mucosa leads, in several situations, to an early diagnosis of a systemic disease.

Acantholysis↗
PubMed1999

Gastric and gingival localization of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. An immunohistochemical, virological and clinical case report.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) are characterized by their mucosal and glandular tissue localization. The case described here falls into the European-American classification of a low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type, with a gingival lesion 2 years after a gastric lesion. The pathogenetic mechanisms of NHL in oral MALT and the diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1999

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the mouth: a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma.

Adenosquamous carcinoma is a rare tumour in the oral cavity and is characterised histologically by carcinomatous change in surface epithelium, in association with adenocarcinoma affecting the ducts of minor salivary glands. Only a dozen cases have previously been reported in the oral cavity, but all have shown an aggressive course with 60% of patients dying of disease. We report three further cases and review the literature, which suggests that this lesion should be regarded as a high-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

DNA studies underestimate the major role of CDKN2A inactivation in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Loss of CDKN2A expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in 87% of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) primary tumor samples. By contrast, DNA studies showed a much lower frequency of loss of the CDKN2A gene. Point mutations and promoter methylation of CDKN2A were seen in 7% and 23%, respectively, of primary tumors. Loss of heterozygosity analysis using a dense set of 9p markers showed allelic imbalance that included CDKN2A in only 31% of samples, but a further 47% showed loss at loci near CDKN2A with apparent retention of CDKN2A. No tumor with any allelic imbalance expressed CDKN2A, whether or not the imbalance appeared to involve the CDKN2A locus. We interpret these data as showing partially overlapping deletions on the two 9p homologues, with homozygous deletion of CDKN2A masked by amplification of contaminating stromal material. Our data show that inactivation of the CDKN2A gene products is a near-universal step in the development of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, and we suggest that homozygous deletion is the most common mechanism of inactivation. The CDKN2A locus may be particularly prone to deletion because it encodes two unrelated tumor suppressor proteins, CDKN2A (p16INK4a) and p19ARF, and deletion, but not point mutation or methylation, would inactivate both gene products. However, our results also suggest that complex patterns of allelic imbalance in primary squamous carcinomas in general may not provide reliable evidence for the existence of multiple tumor suppressor genes within a single chromosomal region.

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed1999

A review of common mucocutaneous disorders affecting the mouth and lips.

Most oral involvement in the mucocutaneous diseases is related mainly to disorders with a prominent immunological component, especially lichen planus and pemphigoid. However, less common conditions such as pemphigus, dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA disease, erythema multiforme, chronic ulcerative stomatitis and other conditions may need to be excluded. Diagnosis is initially clinical, based on a full history, general, and oral examination but precise diagnosis can be difficult without further data and therefore biopsy and immunological studies are invariably required to confirm the specific diagnosis. Apart from improving oral hygiene, immunosuppressive therapy is typically required to control many of these conditions.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

The role of alcohol in non-smokers and tobacco in non-drinkers in the aetiology of oral epithelial dysplasia.

Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is an important risk factor in predicting subsequent development of invasive carcinoma. Despite the malignant potential of OED, the current state of knowledge regarding aetiological risk factors associated with OED is limited. The aim of our study was to evaluate the aetiological role of alcohol consumption in non-tobacco smokers and smoking behaviour in non-drinkers, in patients presenting with OED. Data from a hospital-based case-control study of OED were used to analyse the risk associated with alcohol in non-smokers and with tobacco in non-drinkers. A total of 140 cases and 236 controls were included. In the non-drinkers, the risks of OED increased with tobacco smoking of more than 20 cigarettes per day, particularly non-filter cigarettes. The risk of OED declined following smoking cessation, with ex-smokers of 10 or more years demonstrating no excess risk relative to non-smokers. In the nonsmokers, consumption of alcohol was not a significant predictor of OED. However, there was a synergistic effect of alcohol when combined with some aspects of tobacco smoking. Our results confirm that tobacco has an independent role in the aetiology of OED. The role of alcohol, however, is principally only important in conjunction with tobacco use.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Dental manpower: many questions, weak data and inadequate answers.

The 1980s saw much discussion about manpower needs in many spheres of British life, including dentistry. There have been several manpower reviews since then, culminating in the closure of two UK undergraduate dental schools in the past decade. However, since then the number of vacancies in general dental practice appears to have doubled and there has been increasing difficulty obtaining dental associates. There appear therefore to be some manpower problems in general practice. Some of the available manpower data to the end of 1995 are examined and possible factors underlying these trends are considered, raising more questions than answers but suggesting the time has come to seriously review the situation.

Dental Health Services↗
PubMed1998

No evidence of HCV infection or liver disease in British patients with oral lichen planus.

An association between chronic hepatic disease and/or hepatitis C (HCV) infection and lichen planus (LP) has been described in patients from Italy, Japan and Spain. There are no data on the frequency of the association with HCV in British patients. In the present investigation, the HCV seropositivity and liver function status of 55 British patients with oral LP were assessed and compared with these parameters in 110 healthy control subjects. None of the patients with LP or control subjects had serum IgG antibodies to HCV or had abnormal liver function. It was concluded that while LP may be associated with HCV infection and liver disease in some southern European and other patients, such a co-occurrence was not detected in British patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Hepatitis C virus infection: Review and implications for the dentist.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report was to review the current literature on hepatitis C virus infection, with particular attention to the aspects of interest for dental health care staff. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors searched original research and review articles on specific aspects of hepatitis C virus infection, including articles on virology, epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, natural history, extrahepatic manifestations, therapy and oral aspects of hepatitis C virus infection. The relevant material was evaluated and reviewed. RESULTS: Hepatitis C virus is an RNA virus that is present throughout the world and has major geographic variations. The virus, transmitted mainly by means of blood contact, causes chronic hepatitis in up to 80% of cases and may give rise to hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in a significant proportion of patients. Although it is of limited efficacy, interferon alpha is currently the drug of choice in the treatment of the infection. Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with a number of extrahepatic manifestations that may include oral diseases such as lichen planus or sialadenitis. Although there are documented cases of nosocomial transmission to health care workers after percutaneous exposure, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus among dental staff members is probably similar to that in the general population. CONCLUSION: Hepatitis C virus infection is a relatively common infection worldwide (1.4% in the US general population) that causes significant chronic hepatic disease. The dentist is thus likely to face a growing number of patients with a diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection. For this reason it is essential for dental health care workers to be aware of the principal features of the disease and of its oral and dental implications.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗